钩藤生物碱抑制高血压大鼠主动脉胶原沉积及对基质金属蛋白酶的影响

目的探讨钩藤碱、异钩藤碱和钩藤总生物碱抑制SHR(自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneous hypertension rats,SHR)胸主动脉胶原沉积的实验效应及相关机制。方法 40只SHR随机分为5组:模型组、卡托普利组、异钩藤碱组、钩藤碱组和钩藤总生物碱组;Wistar大鼠8只作为正常对照组。卡托普利组给药量为每天17.5 mg.kg-1,异钩藤碱组、钩藤碱组和钩藤总生物碱组的给药量分别为每天5、5、50 mg.kg-1,模型组和正常组给予等容量生理盐水。灌胃给药8周。取胸主动脉,通过Masson染色法、免疫组织化学染色法、原位杂交法并结合图像分析技术,观察钩藤碱、异钩藤碱和钩藤总生物碱对SHR胸主动脉胶原、ColⅠ、ColⅢ、MMP-9、MMP-2、TIMP-2表达的影响。结果钩藤碱、异钩藤碱和钩藤总生物碱能够降低SHR胸主动脉胶原含量,下调ColⅠ、ColⅢ的蛋白和mRNA表达水平,上调MMP-9和MMP-2蛋白表达水平,上调MMP-9 mRNA表达水平,下调TIMP-2蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结论钩藤碱、异钩藤碱和钩藤总生物碱具有抑制SHR胸主动脉胶原重塑的效应,部分机制与上调MMP-9和MMP-2、下调TIMP-2的表达有关。     

钩藤提取物抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导血管成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的研究

目的探讨钩藤碱和异钩藤碱对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的血管成纤维细胞(VAF)增殖及胶原沉积的抑制效应及相关机制。方法建立AngⅡ诱导VAF增殖模型,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法、扫描电镜技术、流式细胞术、天狼猩红染色法和逆转录聚合酶链反应等观察钩藤碱和异钩藤碱对其增殖活性、细胞形态、细胞周期、细胞凋亡率、细胞c-myc蛋白表达、细胞培养液中羟脯氨酸含量、细胞间胶原蛋白含量、细胞ColⅠmRNA和ColⅢmRNA的影响。结果AngⅡ刺激VAF增殖,钩藤碱和异钩藤碱抑制AngⅡ诱导VAF增殖;在钩藤碱和异钩藤碱作用下VAF处于G0/G1期的细胞数增多、S期的细胞数减少、细胞凋亡率增加、细胞c-myc蛋白表达降低、细胞培养液中羟脯氨酸含量降低、细胞间胶原表达降低、细胞ColⅠmRNA和ColⅢmRNA转录也降低。结论钩藤碱和异钩藤碱对AngⅡ诱导VAF增殖和胶原沉积有抑制效应,部分机制与其阻滞VAF G0/G1期向S期转化、诱导细胞凋亡、下调细胞c-myc蛋白表达和细胞ColⅠmRNA和ColⅢmRNA转录有关。     

异钩藤碱对缸管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究异钩藤碱对AngⅡ诱导大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）增殖的影响，并进一步观察其对细胞增殖周期，原癌基因c-fos、骨桥蛋白（OPN）以及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）mRNA表达的作用，旨在探讨异钩藤碱作用的分子机制。方法：采用组织块贴壁法培养Wistar大鼠胸主动脉VSMC，利用细胞计数和MTT比色法检测不同浓度异钩藤碱（10^-7、10^-6、10^-5M）和厄贝沙坦（10^-5M）对AngⅡ／（10^-6M）诱导大鼠VSMC增殖的影响；收集细胞培养上清液测定药物对一氧化氮（NO）含量及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性的影响；通过流式细胞仪分析药物刘细胞增殖周期的影响；实时荧光定量PCR检测VSMC中c-fos、OPN、PCNAmRNA表达水平。结果：异钩藤碱和厄贝沙均明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的大鼠VSMC增殖，阻滞细胞由GO／GI期向S期转化，升高上清液中NO含量和NOS活性，随着异钩藤碱浓度的增加，c—fos、OPN、PCNAmRNA表达明显减少。     

钩藤碱和异钩藤碱抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖及相关机制

目的探讨钩藤碱和异钩藤碱对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制效应及相关机制。方法建立血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖模型,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法、流式细胞术和逆转录聚合酶链反应观察钩藤碱和异钩藤碱对其增殖活性、细胞周期、细胞膜AT1R蛋白表达、信号转导通路NF-κB和Stat3蛋白表达、原癌基因c-Myc和c-Fos蛋白表达与mRNA转录的影响。结果血管紧张素Ⅱ明显刺激血管平滑肌细胞增殖,钩藤碱和异钩藤碱呈剂量依赖性抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖;在钩藤碱和异钩藤碱干预下,血管平滑肌细胞处于G0/G1期的细胞数明显增多,S期的细胞数明显减少,c-Myc、c-Fos、AT1R、NF-κB、Stat3的蛋白表达以及c-MycmRNA和c-FosmRNA转录也明显降低。结论钩藤碱和异钩藤碱对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖有明显抑制效应,其机制与阻滞血管平滑肌细胞G0/G1期向S期转化以及下调AT1R、NF-κB、Stat3、c-Myc、c-Fos蛋白的表达以及c-MycmR-NA和c-FosmRNA转录有关。     

淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ改善自发性高血压大鼠左心室心肌细胞凋亡

目的观察淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ(icarisideⅡ,ICSⅡ)对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)心肌细胞凋亡的干预作用,并探讨其可能的机制。方法 30只13周龄♂SHR随机分为模型组、ICSⅡ低、中、高剂量组及阳性药组(n=6);同时,同源♂京都大鼠(WKY)作为对照组(n=6)。所有大鼠适应性饲养1周后,ICSⅡ低、中、高剂量组分别给予ICSⅡ4、8、16 mg·kg~(-1)(ig,qd),阳性药组给予氯沙坦20 mg·kg~(-1)至26周龄,WKY和SHR组给予等体积双蒸水。给药12周后,测量大鼠血压,处死大鼠并分离左心室,计算左心质量指数;HE染色观察左心室病理变化;TUNEL染色观察左心室心肌细胞凋亡情况;real time RTPCR检测左心室Bcl-2、Bax mRNA水平;Western blot检测左心室Bcl-2、Bax和cleaved-caspase-3蛋白表达。结果相较于WKY组,SHR组大鼠血压升高,左心质量指数增加(P<0.05);心肌细胞排列紊乱、细胞肥大明显并伴有肌丝断裂;左室心肌细胞凋亡明显,Bax mRNA水平和蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2 mRNA水平和蛋白表达下调,Bax/Bcl-2比值升高,cleaved-caspase-3蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)。与SHR组相比,ICSⅡ中、高剂量组和阳性药组血压和左心质量指数下降(P<0.05);心肌细胞排列趋于整齐、细胞肥大及心肌细胞凋亡情况均得以改善;Bax mRNA水平和蛋白表达下调,而Bcl-2 mRNA水平和蛋白表达上调,Bax/Bcl-2比值降低,cleaved-caspase-3蛋白下调(P<0.05)。结论 ICSⅡ可减轻SHR左心室心肌细胞凋亡,其机制与其降低血压和抑制线粒体凋亡途径相关。     

醋柳黄酮及其单体对培养自发性高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞c-myc表达的影响

探讨醋柳黄酮（TFH）及其单体槲皮素（Que)、异鼠李素（Isor)对培养自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）血平滑肌细胞（VSMC）原癌基因c-myc表达的影响。结果显示,药物在一定浓度下能有效抑制SHR、VSMC、c-myc、mRNA表达和c-myc蛋白合成,提示醋柳黄酮及其单体的降压机制可能涉及原癌基因c-myc的调节环节。     

异钩藤碱对脂多糖诱导的星形胶质细胞炎性介质释放的抑制作用

目的:观察异钩藤碱对LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞炎性介质释放的影响.方法:分离并鉴定新生大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞,用1μg·mL<'-1>LPS激活原代星形胶质细胞,刺激其分泌IL-1β、TNF-α和NO,并大量表达iNOS mRNA.用不同浓度的异钩藤碱和LPS与星形胶质细胞共孵育.检测异钩藤碱处理后细胞培养液中这些炎性因子释放的含量.结果:异钩藤碱有效地抑制了LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞炎性介质释放,并降低了iNOS mRNA的表达水平.结论:异钩藤碱具有较好的中枢炎症抑制作用,为传统中药钩藤作为治疗缺血性脑病药物提供了科学依据.     

口服钩藤总碱对高血压大鼠的肝毒性

<正>中药钩藤的主要有效部位是生物碱。研究表明[1],钩藤总碱有抗高血压作用。考虑到抗高血压治疗需长期用药并且钩藤总碱主要经肝代谢,实验考察了钩藤总碱对肝脏和肝功能的影响。1材料自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)40只,20周龄,♂,无创尾动脉测压收缩压不低于20.0 kPa。天麻钩藤饮颗粒(成都九芝堂金鼎药业有限公司,批号090418)。钩藤总碱(第88医院制剂室提取,总生物碱含量约95%,其中,钩藤碱含量11.9%,     

异莲心碱对HepG2细胞周期和凋亡的影响

摘要：目的:研究异莲心碱对人肝癌Hep G2细胞周期与凋亡的影响。方法:采取流式细胞术检测不同浓度异莲心碱诱导Hep G2细胞24 h后对周期的影响; Hoechst33258染色观察异莲心碱诱导Hep G2细胞凋亡后细胞核形态的变化; JC-1染色检测细胞线粒体膜电位变化;蛋白免疫印记法(Western blot)检测Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达量。结果:流式结果显示,G0/G1期和G2/M期比例明显升高,而S期比例明显下降,并呈现剂量依赖性; Hoechst33258结果表明,药物诱导Hep G2细胞后,细胞数量减少,形态皱缩或改变,蓝色荧光加深; Western bolt检测可知,异莲心碱上调Bax蛋白并下调Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平。结论:异莲心碱可使Hep G2细胞阻滞于G0/G1期、G2/M期,诱导Hep G2细胞发生早期凋亡,其作用可能与Bax、Bcl-2两种凋亡蛋白表达水平变化相关。     

钩藤生物碱对小鼠苯丙胺行为敏化的影响

目的:探讨钩藤生物碱对苯丙胺行为敏化的影响。方法:测定小鼠的自主活动,观察钩藤及钩藤总碱对小鼠自主活动的影响。分别采用单次给予苯丙胺致小鼠高活动性及反复间断苯丙胺处理建立苯丙胺行为敏化小鼠模型,观察钩藤生物碱对苯丙胺高活动性及行为敏化获得和表达的影响。结果:钩藤碱低(40 mg.kg-1)、高(80 mg.kg-1)剂量和钩藤总碱(80 mg.kg-1)灌胃给药后,均能减少小鼠的自主活动,降低苯丙胺的高活动性,抑制小鼠苯丙胺行为敏化的获得,阻断小鼠苯丙胺行为敏化的表达,其中高剂量钩藤碱和钩藤总碱的作用较显著。结论:钩藤生物碱对中枢神经系统功能具有抑制作用,对苯丙胺诱导的小鼠行为敏化的获得和表达有抑制作用。提示钩藤生物碱对苯丙胺类物质的精神依赖具有干预作用.     

钩藤总碱中钩藤碱和异钩藤碱定量方法的建立及稳定性试验

目的建立钩藤总碱中钩藤碱和异构藤碱的含量测定方法并对其稳定性进行研究。方法采用C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),甲醇∶0.1 mol/L三乙胺溶液(冰醋酸调pH 7.5)44∶56为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min。检测波长254 nm。比较分别放置在室温、6℃条件下的同一批次2份总碱中钩藤碱、异构藤碱的含量变化。结果钩藤碱进样量在0.020 2～0.101 mg/ml线性关系良好,r=0.999 9;异构藤碱进样量在0.020 6～0.103 mg/ml线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,钩藤碱平均回收率为99.67%,RSD为0.97%;异钩藤碱平均回收率为99.95%,RSD为1.02%。结论建立的方法简便、准确,可作为钩藤总碱的含量测定方法;钩藤碱、异构藤碱不稳定,可随时间延长含量下降,且温度对二者皆有影响,对钩藤碱影响较大。     

Rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline inhibit NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline are major tetracyclic oxindole alkaloid components of Uncaira species, which have been long used as medicinal plants. In this study, the effects of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline on the ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated current responses were examined using Xenopus oocytes injected with total RNA prepared from rat cortices or cerebelli. Rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline (1-100 microM) per se failed to induce membrane current, but these alkaloids reversibly reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced current in a concentration-dependent but voltage-independent manner. The IC(50) values of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were 43.2 and 48.3 microM, respectively. Substitution of Ba(2+) for Ca(2+) in the recording medium did not alter the extent of rhynchophylline- and isorhynchophylline-induced suppression of NMDA currents. In contrast, neither alkaloid had an effect on the currents mediated by ionotropic kainic acid-type and (+/-)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors or by the metabotropic glutamate receptor(1 and 5) (mGlu(1/5)). Rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline (30 microM) significantly reduced the maximal current responses evoked by NMDA and glycine (a co-agonist of NMDA receptor), but had no effect on the EC(50) values and Hill coefficients of NMDA and glycine for inducing currents. These alkaloids showed no interaction with the polyamine binding site, the Zn(2+) site, proton site or redox modulatory site on the NMDA receptor. These results suggest that rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline act as noncompetitive antagonists of the NMDA receptor and that this property may contribute to the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activity of the Uncaira species plant extracts.     

Evaluation of the protective effects of alkaloids isolated from the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells from rats.

We have previously shown that an aqueous extract of the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil., Uncariae Uncus Cum Ramulusis, protects against glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells by inhibition of Ca2+ influx. Because it is not known which components of Uncaria sinensis are active, in this study we have evaluated, by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining, the neuroprotective effects of the oxyindole alkaloids corynoxeine, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline and isocorynoxeine, and the indole alkaloids geissoschizine methyl ether, hirsuteine and hirsutine, isolated from the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis, on glutamate-induced cell death. We also investigated the inhibitory effects of the compounds on 45Ca2+ influx in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells. Cell viability evaluated by the MTT assay was significantly increased by application of rhynchophylline (10(-3) M), isorhynchophylline (10(-4)-10(-3) M), isocorynoxeine (10(-4)-10(-3) M), hirsuteine (10(-4)-3 x 10(-4) M) or hirsutine (10(-4)-3 x 10(-4) M) compared with exposure to glutamate only, with the effect of isorhynchophylline being the strongest. The increased 45Ca2+ influx into cells induced by glutamate was significantly inhibited by administration of rhynchophylline (10(-3) M), isorhynchophylline (3 x 10(-4)-10(-3) M), isocorynoxeine (3 x 10(-4)-10(-3) M), geissoschizine methyl ether (10(-3) M), hirsuteine (3 x 10(-4)-10(-3) M) or hirsutine (3 x 10(-4)-10(-3) M). These results suggest that oxyindole alkaloids such as isorhynchophylline, isocorynoxeine and rhynchophylline and indole alkaloids such as hirsuteine and hirsutine are the active components of the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis which protect against glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells by inhibition of Ca2+ influx.     

钩藤总碱、钩藤碱和异构藤碱的药理作用

The pharmacvological actions of Uncaria alkaloids,rhyncopyline and isorhnchophyline extracted from Uncaria rhynchophylla Miq Jacks were reviewed.The alkaloids mainly act on cardiovascular system and central nervous system including the hypotension,brachycardia,antiarrhythmia,and protection of cerebral ischemia and sedation. The active mechanisms were related to blocking of calcium channel,opening of potassium channel,and regulating of nerve transmitters transport and metabolism,etc.     

HPLC法同时测定复方制剂中4种钩藤生物碱成分含量

目的建立钩藤复方制剂中钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、去氢钩藤碱和异去氢钩藤碱HPLC定量方法。方法 Kromasil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-乙腈-醋酸铵缓冲液(pH=5.2)梯度洗脱,流速:1 mL.min-1,检测波长:245 nm,柱温45℃。结果 4种生物碱线性分别为:钩藤碱(rhynchophylline,RIN):1.76~26.40 mg.L-1,异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline,IRN):1.66~24.90 mg.L-1,去氢钩藤碱(corynoxeine,COR):2.50~37.50 mg.L-1,异去氢钩藤碱(isocorynox-eine,ICO):1.64~24.60 mg.L-1,r均大于0.999 7,平均回收率分别为98.3%~103.4%,RSD<2.5%。采用上述HPLC测定了天麻钩藤饮模型制剂和3种市售钩藤复方制剂中4种钩藤生物碱成分的含量。结论本法可作为复方制剂中4种钩藤生物碱成分的含量测定。     

钩藤总碱的热稳定性研究

目的考察钩藤总碱的热稳定性。方法在不同温度条件下,用高效液相色谱检查钩藤总碱中的钩藤碱和异钩藤碱。结果与钩藤碱相比,异钩藤碱溶液对热不稳定,60℃或90℃2 h后异钩藤碱含量明显降低,而钩藤碱溶液在60℃2 h或4℃6 d的环境中稳定。而且,钩藤碱和异钩藤碱成盐后更加稳定。结论异钩藤碱的热不稳定性是钩藤"后下"的原因。     

The alkaloids of the leaves of Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze

The leaves of Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze have been examined for alkaloids and shown to contain routundifoline, isorotundifoline, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, ciliaphylline, rhynchociline, speciophylline, a small amount of uncarine F, mitraciliatine and traces of a second indole alkaloid which appears to be of the corynanthine type. There is also a polar compound present, Dragendorff positive, which remains on the base line when subjected to thin-layer chromatography with the usual solvent systems used for the mitragyna alkaloids.