天然药物抗氧化成分构效关系研究进展

天然药物中存在着多种抗氧化成分,如黄酮类、酚酸类、黄烷醇类、多糖类、苯丙素类、萜类及生物碱类等,本文从构效关系角度研究上述成分的抗氧化机理,为了解各类成分抗氧化效果的研究进展,开发出更多有效的天然抗氧化剂具有重要意义。     

覆盆子化学成分、药理作用与临床运用研究进展

本覆盆子主要含有黄酮类、香豆素类、酚酸类、多糖类、生物碱类和微量元素等成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老和抗炎等多种活性,广泛应用于医药、食品、保健食品等领域。本文通过查阅文献,系统整理归纳了覆盆子的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用,以期为覆盆子的资源可持续开发和合理使用提供理论指导。     

多糖指纹图谱的研究进展

指纹图谱技术作为评价与控制中药质量与活性的重要手段之一,是一种可量化的、综合有效的鉴定技术,已广泛应用于中药的质量控制方面,并取得了一定的成果。随着近年来该技术研究方法与研究思路的相对成熟,中药指纹图谱的研究为中药的质量评价提供依据,也为进一步开发和利用中药资源提供了科学的依据。但是指纹图谱主要是针对小分子成分,对于大分子多糖的指纹图谱研究较少,这是由于大多数糖类成分无紫外吸收、分子量大、结构复杂多样的特点决定的。本文综述了近几年指纹图谱在多糖类物质研究中的进展,以期为今后多糖类大分子物质的质量控制标准化提供重要的依据,希望为多糖的质量控制提供多元的思路和方法,从而保证多糖药物的安全性和疗效。     

太白楤木的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

太白楤木,特产于我国中西部秦巴山区及其余脉,有丰富的野生资源,是一种极具开发潜力的药用植物。研究发现太白楤木主要含有皂苷类、黄酮类、多糖类、挥发油类以及微量元素等活性成分。药理研究发现其具有抗氧化,降血糖,降血脂,保护脑、心脏、肝脏,抗衰老,抗菌,抗病毒以及抗肿瘤等作用。本文通过对太白楤木的化学成分和药理作用的研究进展进行综述,以期为太白楤木的研究开发提供参考依据。     

多糖类成分抗胰腺癌作用机制的研究进展

多糖是公认的免疫调节剂，已被证实对多种癌细胞具有抑制作用，具有开发为抗癌药物的潜力。胰腺癌作为病死率最高的癌症之一，长期采用化疗药物治疗，易产生免疫缺陷、疲劳、神经系统病变等多种副作用。本文总结了国内外多糖类成分抗胰腺癌的研究现状，梳理出多糖类成分可以通过多靶点的作用方式，调控核因子κB、Hippo-转录共激活因子相关蛋白、整合素等相关信号通路，诱导癌细胞凋亡、自噬，抑制癌细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭，调控癌细胞周期，从而发挥抗胰腺癌的作用。     

东北林蛙卵活性成分及药理活性研究进展

林蛙卵是蛤蟆油生产后的主要副产物之一,因其年产量大且未能被充分利用逐渐得到关注。林蛙卵含有多种有利于人体健康的生物活性物质。近年来多位学者、专家对林蛙卵活性成分及药理活性进行研究,重点阐述林蛙卵中不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质以及氨基酸等生物活性成分,揭示其药用及保健价值,为林蛙卵产品加工和开发提供参考。     

蘑菇有望成为开发抗生素的新资源

近年来,医学及营养学专家都十分推崇蘑菇类食品(包括香菇、草菇、平菇及灵芝等菌类),因为大多数蘑菇均含丰富的多糖类物质,具有免疫活性,能起增强机体抵抗力和抗癌的作用.然而,知道蘑菇中含抗菌及抗病毒活性成分,有望成为开发天然抗生素丰富资源的人却并不多.     

猫爪草提取部位及有效成分抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

猫爪草Ranunculus ternatus Thunb.作为一种天然低毒的抗肿瘤药物受到重视,对其提取部位及有效成分抗肿瘤机制形成了一定认识。药理研究发现猫爪草的主要化学成分为皂苷类、脂肪酸类、多糖类、醇及酯类、挥发油类、黄酮类、生物碱及微量元素等成分,其中皂苷类、多糖类、脂肪酸类、醇及酯类是其重要的抗肿瘤活性成分,其抗肿瘤的主要机制有调节机体免疫功能、抑制肿瘤生长增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、减少氧化应激损伤。在肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、甲状腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、子宫肌瘤的防治过程中,具有多成分、多途径、多效应的特点。对猫爪草在抗肿瘤治疗中的有效成分及作用机制作一概述,为进一步完善抗肿瘤研究以及新剂型开发与临床利用提供依据。     

马陆的抗炎药理研究初报

目的：实验研究开发具有抗炎效果好，来源丰富的动物药资源。方法：以马陆为研究对象，采用耳肿胀法、足跖肿胀法及测定其炎性渗出物含量等方法。结果：各项指标表明，马陆对实验动物的抗炎作用达到显著或极显著的效果。结论：马陆资源丰富，又有较强的抗炎作用，因此具有进一步研究开发的价值。     

从蠶糞抽提葉綠素的初步試驗

一、前言蚕粪是养蚕业的副产物之一,一般只用作肥料或魚的飼料,經濟价值很低,其实它含有极其丰富的有用成分,如逐样分离出来,可得叶绿素、植物醇(仍要維生素E和K等的原料)、氨基酸(包括组氨酸、酪氨酸等)、和多糖类,此外还可製塑料等,可見蚕粪的綜合利用,实可增加多种多样的輕工业原料,在国民經濟上具有积极的意义。     

乌贼墨抗氧化活性研究进展

乌贼墨是一味传统中药,近年来的研究显示其具有较强的抗氧化活性。本文在查阅大量文献资料的基础上,归纳总结了2008-2018年国内外对乌贼墨总提取物、乌贼墨无黑色素提取物、乌贼墨黑色素、乌贼墨多肽及乌贼墨多糖抗氧化活性的研究概况,旨在为进一步研究乌贼墨抗氧化活性提供依据。     

基于动态共价键的多糖水凝胶在药物递送及组织修复中的应用研究进展

水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,广泛应用于药物递送、伤口敷料和组织工程等生物医学领域。按照材料来源可分为合成材料水凝胶和天然材料水凝胶,其中天然多糖水凝胶不仅可以作为材料应用,还具有独特的药理活性和较好的机械性能,逐渐成为首选材料。动态共价键水凝胶由于其结构灵活性、自愈合性能和环境响应性备受关注。本文对采用动态键方式的天然多糖水凝胶体系进行归类和总结,并对该类水凝胶在药物递送以及组织修复方面的研究现状进行概述,以期为新型多糖水凝胶的临床应用提供借鉴。     

靶向病毒核糖核蛋白的抗流感病毒药物研究进展

多糖由于其独特的生物活性受到广泛的关注,成为近年来的研究热点之一。但是,从天然资源中提取的多糖组分常含有蛋白质杂质,而蛋白质的存在将对多糖结构和生物活性研究造成干扰。因此,采用高效、低污染、且对多糖结构和活性不造成破坏的脱蛋白方法十分重要。本文主要对传统的多糖脱蛋白方法和新颖的脱蛋白方法进行介绍。     

Recent developments in synthetic oligosaccharide-based bacterial vaccines

Synthetic advances made possible chemical assembly of complex oligosaccharide fragments of polysaccharide domains on the surface of human pathogenic bacteria. These oligosaccharides may be recognized by antibodies raised against high molecular weight, native, polysaccharides. In addition to their antigenicity, synthetic oligosaccharides can also function as haptens in their protein conjugates that can elicit not only oligo- but also polysaccharide-specific IgG antibodies in animal models and in humans. A major milestone in the development of new generation vaccines was the demonstration that protein conjugates of synthetic fragments of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b are as efficacious in preventing childhood meningitis and other diseases as is the corresponding licensed commercial vaccine containing the bacterial polysaccharide. The lessons learnt in this and other endeavors described herein are manifold. For example, they teach us about the significance of the oligosaccharide epitope size, the number of their copies per protein in the conjugate, the possible effect of the spacer on anti-saccharide immune response, and the proper choice of the carrier protein combined with the selection of the animal model. The H. influenzae b story also teaches us that that the synthetic approach can be commercially viable.     

Purification and molecular cloning of SE-cephalotoxin, a novel proteinaceous toxin from the posterior salivary gland of cuttlefish Sepia esculenta

Cephalopods contain toxins in their salivary glands, presumably to paralyze prey animals such as crabs and bivalves. Proteinaceous toxins (called cephalotoxins) with crab lethality have previously been purified from three species of octopodiform cephalopods (octopuses) but their detailed properties and primary structures have remained unknown. In this study, salivary glands of six species of decapodiform cephalopods were newly found to be toxic; three species of cuttlefish were lethal only to crabs and three species of squid to both mice and crabs. A proteinaceous toxin (named SE-cephalotoxin) in the salivary gland of cuttlefish Sepia esculenta was soluble only in high-salt solvents. This unique solubility enabled us to purify SE-cephalotoxin by gel filtration HPLC and hydroxyapatite HPLC. SE-cephalotoxin was shown to be a 100kDa monomeric glycoprotein with an LD(50) (against crabs) of 2mug/kg. Based on the determined partial amino acid sequence, a full-length cDNA (3402bp) coding for SE-cephalotoxin was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE. The SE-cephalotoxin precursor protein (1052 amino acid residues) is composed of a signal peptide (region 1-21), propeptide (region 22-29) and mature protein (region 30-1052). A database search failed to find any proteins sharing homology with SE-cephalotoxin.     

肺炎球菌无动物源性成分培养工艺及纯化新工艺探索

目的:比较无动物源性成分培养基和动物源性培养基培养肺炎球菌的差异;摸索不使用有机溶剂的肺炎球菌多糖纯化新工艺。方法:用无动物源性的原料替代肺炎发酵培养基中动物源性的成分,考察菌体密度和多糖收量的变化;采用柱层析纯化工艺收获肺炎球菌多糖,测定各阶段核酸、蛋白、多糖含量。结果:与疫苗生产所采用动物源性发酵培养基相比,无动物源性发酵培养基收获的1,7F,19A型菌体密度分别提高了1倍左右;发酵液中多糖含量分别提高了48%,50%和200%;多糖收量提高了30%～90%。纯化新工艺收获的17F,18C,19F精糖,核酸和蛋白的含量均远远低于企业的注册标准,HPLC检测多糖纯度分别为99.24%,98.92%和99.02%。结论:无动物源性成分发酵培养基适合于肺炎球菌生长,不仅增加了多糖产量,也提高疫苗的安全性;纯化新工艺能够收获合格的肺炎精制多糖。     

Polysaccharide coated liposomes for oral immunization--development and characterization

Polysaccharide coated liposomes were prepared, characterized and evaluated for their potential use in oral immunization. Liposomes were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as the model antigen. Pulluan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide produced by a yeast like fungus, was chemically modified into its palmitoyl derivative (O-palmitoylpullulan; OPP) and was used for coating of the liposomes. The synthesized OPP was characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The liposomes prepared were characterized for their size, shape, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and stability in simulated gastric fluid. The immune stimulating activity was studied by measuring the serum IgA and IgG following oral administration of the prepared polysaccharide coated liposomes. Similarly, other formulations were studied and the results were compared. BSA loaded liposomes coated with OPP and plain polysaccharide could produce better IgG and IgA titre levels as compared to plain alum adsorbed BSA. The plain liposomes containing BSA could however produce significantly higher IgG and IgA levels as compared to equivalent BSA-alum based oral immunization. The results indicate that chemically modified polysaccharide coated liposomes can be used as a potential adjuvants for effective oral immunization.     

多糖微粒制剂的研究进展

目的介绍多糖微粒制剂的研究进展。方法综述了近年来国内外相关报道,介绍和评价多糖微粒制剂的制备方法、性能和药效等,指出多糖纳米制剂的研究前景。结果多糖微粒制剂有助于改善多糖药物稳定性差、生物利用度不高以及对某些细胞穿透能力不强等缺点,并使多糖药物获得抗肿瘤增效、靶向等作用。结论多糖新型微粒制剂为癌症治疗提供了新的研究途径,具有很大的发展前景。     

A new vaccine concept: polysaccharide conjugate vaccines]

Polysaccharide-based vaccines such as the vaccines against Neisseiria meningitidis group A and C or Streptococcus pneumoniae have proved their efficacy in children and adults. Nevertheless they induce B cell mediated immunological response and therefore fail to protect infants. In the eighties appeared a new concept of Polysaccharide based vaccine for infants: Polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. Coupling polysaccharide to carrier protein transforms the T-independent antigen into T-dependant antigen. The first conjugate vaccines for the prevention of infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b were a success, with a 95% efficacy. A worldwide vaccination program might lead to the eradication of that bacterial disease. New vaccines are currently under development, the next conjugate vaccine should be one against Streptococcus pneumoniae. First published clinical data are very promising and confirmed the potential of the polysaccharide conjugate vaccine approach against bacterial infections.     

不同巴戟天炮制品中糖的分布与含量测定

目的：探讨不同巴戟天炮制品的糖含量与入药意义。方法：采用紫外可见分光光度法对净巴戟天、去木芯巴戟天、巴戟天木芯及蒸制后的巴戟天肉中总糖和多糖含量进行测定。结果：净巴戟天总糖为54.83%,多糖为12.09%;去木芯巴戟天总糖含量为59.58%,多糖为13.01%;巴戟天木芯总糖为23.12%,多糖为5.91%;而炮制后的巴戟肉总糖为56.61%,多糖为12.93%,糖的含量比净巴戟天高。结论：巴戟天糖主要分布在肉的部分,不同巴戟天炮制品中其糖的含量存在明显的差异。通过蒸制除去木芯,使药材得到净化,更有利于用药准确。