川芎嗪对犬心脏血流动力学的作用

给麻醉犬静脉滴注川芎嗪1、2及4 mg/kg/min,连续10分钟;动物出现心率加快,心肌收缩力加强,血管扩张。这些作用随剂量的增加而加强。滴注1 mg/kg/min时,心率、LVP及dp/dt max增加,2 mg/kg/min时,心率、LVP、dp/dt max及冠脉血流明显增加。剂量增至4 mg/kg/min时,除上述指标明显增加外,还出现LVEDP、CI,心肌氧耗和脑血流增加,冠状动脉和脑血管阻力及总外周阻力降低。给清醒高血压犬滴注川芎嗪4 mg/kg/min及一次静注20'mg/kg也引起心率加速。心得安(ⅳ1～2 mg/kg)能对抗川芎嗪对麻醉和清醒犬的上述作用,而利血平则不能完全对抗川芎嗪的作用。     

中国萝芙木碱Verticillatine对麻醉狗和猫心功能与血流动力学的影响

Verticillatine(Vt)0.5～1.0mg/kg iv,能使麻醉狗的血压下降,心率减慢,cl,LVSP LV dp/dt max,LVWI,TPR降低,作用随剂量增加而加强。冠脉阻力稍降低,但心肌氧利用率和氧耗减少。颈内动脉和股动脉血流增加,阻力减少。给麻醉猫iv Vt和六羟季铵1.0 mg/kg后,BP,LVP和LV dp/dt max降低,但LV dp/dt/p和LVEDP无明显变化。说明Vt能降低心脏后负荷,对前负荷无明显影响。     

中国萝芙木碱Verticillatine对麻醉狗和猫心功能与血流动力学的影响

Verticillatine(Vt)0.5～1.0mg/kg iv,能使麻醉狗的血压下降,心率减慢,cl,LVSP LV dp/dt max,LVWI,TPR降低,作用随剂量增加而加强。冠脉阻力稍降低,但心肌氧利用率和氧耗减少。颈内动脉和股动脉血流增加,阻力减少。给麻醉猫iv Vt和六羟季铵1.0 mg/kg后,BP,LVP和LV dp/dt max降低,但LV dp/dt/p和LVEDP无明显变化。说明Vt能降低心脏后负荷,对前负荷无明显影响。     

芍药总甙对心血管的作用

从亳白芍中提取的芍药总甙(TGPs)能使离体兔耳血管扩张,分钟内的滴数和容量(ml)均增加。TGPs本身对离体兔主动脉条无明显作用,但能显著地增加NA对兔主动脉条的收缩作用。TGPs使兔舒张压升高、dp/dt_(max)增加及心率减慢;酚妥拉明对其升压现象无阻断作用。此外,它还有增强NA的升压作用,尤以收缩压更为明显,以及增加心音强度等作用。猫血压和心脏功能实验的结果与兔基本相符。     

噻吗心安的心血管药理研究

噻吗心安(Timolol)具有明显降低离体心肌细胞收缩力与搏动频术作用,并可对抗异丙肾上腺素的正性肌力和频率作用,也可对抗异丙肾上腺素升高心肌细胞cAMP 含量及腺苷环化酶活性。噻吗心安对家兔急性心肌缺血具有保护作用;使麻醉犬急性心肌缺血所致的LVP、dp/dtmax 显著降低,t-dp/dtmax、LVEDP 明显上升,心率减慢,TTI 下降。     

汉防己甲素对左心室功能及外周血管的影响

麻醉狗急性实验表明,静脉注射汉防己甲素引起降压的同时,伴有LVP、±dp/dt max(左心室压正负向变化最大速率)的降低。但LVP和±dp/dt max的恢复先于血压的恢复。提示其对左心室收缩功能的抑制仅与初期降压效应部分有关。本品降低血压和外周阻力以及减慢心率的作用较持久,其对舒张压的降低作用大干对收缩压的影响。结果表明汉防己甲素的降压效应主要系通过扩张阻力血管所致。     

人参茎叶黄酮对狗心脏血流动力学的影响

人参茎叶黄酮20mg/kg(iv)能明显降低麻醉狗的 LVP、(dp/dt)max、TPVR、BP和耗氧量。对心脏泵功能指标 CI、SI 和心肌收缩性指标 dp/dt/CPIP 无显著影响。对反映心肌收缩敏捷度的 t-(dp/dt)max 明显延长(1～40min)。对 CO、PF 无明显影响。     

小檗碱对清醒大鼠血液动力学的影响

静脉注射小檗碱(berberine,Ber)能引起清醒大鼠血压、左室压、及左室舒张末期压的降低。其下降程度DAp>SAP>LVSP心率先反射性加快后缓慢而持久下降。在后负荷及心率下降的同时并不伴有±(dp/dt)max,(dp/dt)p~(-1)的降低或LVP(dp/dt)p~(-1)环及其斜率的缩小,甚至还略有增加。这表明Ber对心肌的收缩性能有增强作用。因此降压效应主要为降低心率及外周血管阻力所致。     

参麦注射液对自由基所致兔离体心脏功能损伤的保护作用

目的在兔离体灌流心脏观察参麦注射液对1,1-二苯-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基所致心功能损伤的保护作用.方法离体兔心脏采用Langendorff法灌流,记录左室内压(LVP)、左室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、心率(HR),定时收集冠脉流出液测量冠脉流量(CF)和肌酸激酶(CK)活性.结果用含 0.25 μmol*L-1 DPPH的K-H液灌流心脏 10 min,可显著降低LVP、+dp/dtmax,升高LVEDP,减慢HR,增加CK释放;用含参麦注射液(1320、1160)的K-H液灌流心脏 10 min,可明显促进DPPH所致心功能损伤的恢复,减少CK的释放.结论参麦注射液对DPPH自由基所致心功能损伤具有明显保护作用.     

小檗碱对清醒大鼠血液动力学的影响

静脉注射小檗碱(berberine,Ber)能引起清醒大鼠血压、左室压、及左室舒张末期压的降低。其下降程度DAp>SAP>LVSP心率先反射性加快后缓慢而持久下降。在后负荷及心率下降的同时并不伴有±(dp/dt)max,(dp/dt)p^-1的降低或LVP(dp/dt)p^-1环及其斜率的缩小,甚至还略有增加。这表明Ber对心肌的收缩性能有增强作用。因此降压效应主要为降低心率及外周血管阻力所致。     

人参茎叶皂甙对狗心脏血流动力学的影响

实验表明人参茎叶皂甙(GSL)50mg/kg i.v.可使狗左室泵功能和心肌收缩性发生程度不同的改变,可使 LVP,CO,CI,TPVR,BP,HR,耗氧量,(dp/dt)max,(dp/dt)/CPIP等下降,PF,SI,t-(dp/dt)max 等上升。这些结果与目前掌握的人参根总皂甙对狗血流动力学的影响基本一致。     

Congestive heart failure model in rabbits: effects of digoxin and a drug containing toad venom.

A low-output-type heart failure model was established in rabbits by protease treatment of the surface of the left ventricular anterior wall. Heart rate, aortic blood flow (AoF), left ventricular pressure (LVP) and maximal rate of rise of LVP (max dP/dt) in this model were maintained at lower levels than in normal rabbits, while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were maintained at higher levels, and mean blood pressure (MBP) remained at a normal level. Intraduodenal administration of digoxin and a drug containing toad venom (Kyushin:KY) improved the hemodynamic parameters by increasing the AoF, LVP and max dP/dt and by decreasing the LVEDP and SVR without a significant change in MBP. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of digoxin and KY on this heart failure model originate from their cardiotonic activity.     

TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIAC PERFORMANCE AND MYOCARDIAL UPTAKE OF DL-PROPRANOLOL IN MAN

1. The temporal relationship between the myocardial arteriovenous difference of plasma propranolol concentration and heart rate and left ventricular dp/dt maximum was examined for 30 min after intravenous administration of 10mg (0.04 mmol) dl-propranolol in nine patients with ischaemic heart disease. 2. Very large positive myocardial a.v. differences of propranolol within the first 5 min became negative after 5 min, indicating a rapid, avid uptake with subsequent release of propranolol from the heart. 3. The heart rate and left ventricular dp/dt maximum increased 1 min after propranolol administration and did not change after the fifth min of the observation period. 4. The data suggest that a large number of unspecific binding sites for propranolol are present in the heart in addition to the specific β-receptors.     

枳实及其升压有效成分与多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺对心脏功能和血液动力学的对比研究

麻醉犬实验表明枳实及其有效成分辛弗林和N-甲基酪胺与多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺相似,能显著增强多种心肌收缩性和泵血功能的指标:增大左室压变化速率峰值和在共同最高等容收缩压(CPIP)时的心肌收缩成分的缩短速率(V_CE),增加心脏指数(GI),缩短左室从开始收缩到开始射血的时间,降低左室舒张末压。由于在CPIP时的V_CE不受心室后负荷(动脉压)的影响,故可以排除上述指标的增强是由于药物对血压的影响。由于枳实及其有效成分的强心、增加心输出量和收缩血管提高总外周阻力,导致左室压力和动脉血压上升,这是它们抗休克的药理学基础。N-甲基酪胺升高外周阻力的作用比枳实和辛弗林稍弱,但加快心率的作用则较强。这两种成分在作用上是各有特点的。在增加心搏指数等效剂量下,枳实、辛弗林、N-甲基酪胺与大剂量多巴胺增加左室作功指数和射血的张力-时间指数的比值远超过增加心搏指数的百分率,这可能是升压增加左室后负荷造成的。多巴酚丁胺和小剂量多巴胺不同于枳实及其有效成分在于能降低外周血管阻力,降低动脉血压,而不明显增加左室作功指数和射血的张力-时间指数,提示不象枳实那样增加心肌的能量消耗。     

Protection of L－arginine against lysophosphatidy lcholine－inducedmy ocardi alinjury inisolated ratheart

在离体大鼠心脏观察了Ｌ－精氨酸对溶血性磷脂酰胆碱（ＬＰＣ）损伤心肌作用的影响．ＬＰＣ（５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）引起心率减慢，冠脉流量减少，心脏功能降低（ＬＶＰ和ＬＶｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ下降）及肌酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）释放增加．３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１Ｌ－精氨酸能促进心率恢复，增加冠脉流量和改善心脏功能，但仅ＬＶｄＰ／ｄｔｍａｘ恢复显示统计学差异；３００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１Ｌ－精氨酸能显著改善心脏功能，促进心率和冠脉流量的恢复，减少ＣＰＫ释放．结果提示：Ｌ－精氨酸对ＬＰＣ所致心肌损伤具有一定的保护作用．     

The effects of pronethalol and propranolol on the coronary circulation of the dog

1. The actions of pronethalol and propranolol have been studied to see if there was any relationship between the reduction in coronary flow and any other cardiovascular action they have.2. The experiments were carried out in anaesthetized open chest dogs. Measurements included central arterial, left and right venous or atrial pressures, heart rate, ventricular size and stroke volume, intra-ventricular pressures, total left coronary flow, arterial and coronary sinus blood pO(2). The pressure-time index (PTI) and maximum rate of isovolumetric contraction (dp/dt) were obtained from these records.3. It was concluded that, in these experiments, the reduction in coronary flow produced by pronethalol and propranolol was not directly related to a decrease in perfusion pressure, a raised venous pressure, the increase in ventricular volume and hence wall tension, the decrease in heart rate, or to the increased duration of systole.4. The PTI and dp/dt were always reduced at the same time as the coronary flow. These findings are discussed.5. Studies of the effects of sympathetic stimulation, of phentolamine, of reduced arterial oxygen tension and electrical pacing of the heart, all after beta-blockade, did not support the suggestion that the reduction in coronary flow after beta-blockade was due to the unmasking of an active vasoconstriction.     

Hemodynamic effects of different calcium antagonists in the heart-lung preparation of the guinea pig

The present study was performed with the aim to demonstrate and quantify the influence of several different calcium antagonists (CA) on hemodynamic parameters in the guinea pig heart lung preparation (HLP). In paced HLP the following parameters were recorded: dp/dt max; cardiac output (CO); left ventricular pressure (LVP), and aortic pressure (AoP). In separate experiments the influence of the CA on heart rate (HR) was established in spontaneously performing HLP. All CA studied reduced or depressed dp/dt max, CO, LVP, AoP and HR. Nifedipine and verapamil showed the strongest depressant influence on dp/dt max and CO, whereas diltiazem caused a moderate reduction of these parameters. Lidoflazine, flunarizine and bepridil proved considerably less potent than nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem. Bepridil proved least potent with respect to the influence on LVP and AoP. The strongest reduction on HR was caused by nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than diltiazem, and to a lesser degree by lidoflazine. Bepridil and flunarizine only caused a mild reduction of HR. From the calculated ratio EC20(HR)/EC20(dp/dt max) it is obvious that nifedipine, verapamil and bepridil display a much stronger influence on contractility than on HR. dp/dt max proved the most sensitive indicator for contractility in the HLP as used in our experiments.