留守儿童心理健康状况调查及与人格特征关系探讨

目的探讨留守儿童心理健康状况调查及与人格特征关系。方法于2010年度通过对农村随机选择264例留守儿童和262例非留守儿童进行调查,采取心理健康诊断测验量表和人格问卷进行评分的方式,对留守儿童心理健康状况及与人格特征进行统计分析。结果全部儿童在调查人员和老师帮助下均完成问卷调查。留守儿童的心理健康诊断测验量表总均分为(42.75±8.62)分,在心理健康范围内。其中学习焦虑分量表的平均得分8.56分超出健康值,其他方面分量表的平均得分均属于正常。留守儿童人格量表得分平均值初中年龄段与小学年龄段相比均有显著差异;非留守儿童除内外向量表外,其他各项与小学年龄段相比有显著差异;留守儿童各年龄段人格量表得分平均值与非留守儿童相比,均有显著差异。结论留守儿童心理健康状况与其人格特征关系具有对应关系,从人格特征反应出来的心理问题和心理调查相符。     

存在焦虑症状儿童自我意识及行为问题研究

目的了解存在焦虑症状儿童的自我意识及行为问题。方法采用Piers-harris儿童自我意识量表和Conners父母症状问卷对386例7～13岁儿童进行问卷调查。结果儿童焦虑症状检出率为25.65%,男性为26.87%,女性为24.32%。有焦虑症状儿童PHCSS行为、焦虑、合群分量表评分及总分显著低于对照组儿童(P<0.05),PSQ各因子评分均显著高于对照组儿童(P<0.01)。结论存在焦虑症状儿童的自我意识水平低,行为问题突出。应注重儿童焦虑倾向的预防和干预。     

技校留守儿童人格特征与留守经历的关系

目的研究16-18岁留守儿童人格特征与留守经历的关系。方法采用明尼苏达多相个性测验（MMPI）对245例技校留守儿童进行测试后与全国常模相比较,并进行分组比较,最后回归分析人格特征与留守经历的关系。结果与全国常模比较,留守儿童男孩组中除L、K、Mf量表外,余量表间两者差异均存在统计学意义（P≤0.001）;而在女孩组中,除L、F、K、D、Si量表外,余量表间两者差异均存在统计学意义（P≤0.01）;留守儿童中双亲外出组K、Hs、Hy、Pd量表得分显著高于单亲外出组,学龄前组F、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma量表得分显著高于学龄组（P〈0.05）;回归分析显示留守儿童的不同留守经历能够预测其某些偏离的人格特征。结论16～18岁留守儿童与全国常模相较人格特征差异较大;在留守儿童中,双亲外出组较之单亲外出组,学龄前组较之学龄组易出现人格偏离。     

儿童个性特征测定在心因性非癫痫性发作鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 探讨儿童个性特征评估在心因性非癫痫性发作(PNES)、癫痫(EP)和健康对照(NC)之间鉴别诊断中的应用.方法 选取本中心心理专科和神经内科收诊的106例PNES患儿、138例EP患儿和139例儿童保健科健康体检的NC儿童作为研究对象.采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)对各组儿童进行评估,并进行比较分析.结果 PNES组患儿的个性缺陷程度明显高于EP组和NC组儿童,尤其焦虑(6.34±2.58)、合群(6.06±2.64)、幸福与满足(4.60±2.34)三个自我意识分量表评分明显低于EP组和NC组儿童,TP(59.23±8.22)和TN(56.16±8.27)两个艾森克个性问卷分量表评分明显高于EP组和NC组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).焦虑分量表在鉴别诊断PNES组和NC组儿童时表现出了良好的判别能力,灵敏度和特异度分别为74.1％和72.6％,ROC曲线下面积达0.825.TP分量表在鉴别诊断PNES组和EP组儿童时表现出了较好的判别能力,灵敏度和特异度分别为52.8％和97.1％,ROC曲线下面积达0.789.结论 PNES患儿自我意识水平明显低于EP组和NC组患儿,个性多偏神经质和精神质,建议根据其心理特点和性格特征进行鉴别诊断和干预.     

慢性盆腔炎患者人格特征的研究

目的评估慢性盆腔炎患者人格特征。方法采用明尼苏达多相人格测验量表(MMPI),对就诊患者和健康志愿者进行测试。其中慢性盆腔炎患者72例,健康志愿者65例。结果慢性盆腔炎组和健康志愿者心理异常发生差异明显;两组研究对象在抑郁、癔病、精神病态、精神衰弱分量表分值上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),疑病分量表评分差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论慢性盆腔炎患者存在人格缺陷,心理干预可能有助于改善患者预后。     

儿童焦虑障碍与自我意识关系的研究

目的初步了解营口市儿童焦虑障碍与自我意识状况的关系。方法采用SCARED和EMBC对随机抽取的720名3～6年级小学生进行调查,有效样本数674人。结果在674名小学生中,SCARED筛查阳性的有211例,占总人数的31.31%。小学生在性别及年龄焦虑维度上有显著的差异。Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表中,小学生在行为、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足及自我意识总分方面均存在显著差异。结论儿童中焦虑情绪普遍存在,对儿童情绪、行为、人际关系造成了不良影响,应予以积极干预。     

威海市肥胖中小学生心理健康状况分析

目的了解威海市肥胖中小学生的心理健康状况。方法以威海市1100名中小学生为研究对象，用Pierr Harris儿童自我意识量表、多维学生生活满意度量表、儿童社交焦虑量表和中国韦氏学龄儿童智力量表及相应的评价标准进行心理健康评定，同时测量身高、体重，计算体重指数（BMI）值。参考中国儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准进行分组，分析男女生及体重正常、超重、肥胖组学生心理健康状况的差异。结果男生超重和肥胖检出率（22．2％，14．6％）显著高于女生（14．1％，8．5％）。肥胖组、超重组和体重正常组相比，自我意识量表、生活满意度量表、社交焦虑量表及智商的得分有显著差异，肥胖组的得分最低。结论与体重正常学生相比，威海市肥胖中小学生的自我意识和生活满意度低，社会适应及交往能力差，智商相对较低。     

复发性生殖器疱疹患者个性特征、心理健康及生活质量的调查

目的探讨复发性生殖器疱疹(RGH)患者的个性特征、心理健康及对生活质量的影响。方法采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和皮肤病生活质量指数(DLQI)分别对RGH患者及健康对照人群各100例进行进行问卷调查,数据采用SPSS 10.0软件进行统计分析。结果 RGH组EPQ的E量表和N量表得分明显高于健康对照组,P量表得分与健康对照组无明显差异,L量表得分低于健康对照组;SCL-90测定RGH组的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖得分高于健康对照组;DLQI结果显示RGH组评分明显高于健康对照组。结论 RGH患者具有特殊的人格特征,存在明显的心理问题,主要表现为强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等症状,RGH严重影响了患者的生活质量。     

12～13岁超重和肥胖少年自我意识量表分析

自我意识(self-consciousness)是个体人格的核心,不仅影响着个体人格发展的水平而且还与个体的学习、生活、交往、社会适应、心理健康等都有密切关系.在个体生命历程中,处于12～13岁至17～18岁的青少年是介于儿童与成人之间的过渡阶段,也是个体人格发展的关键期[1].     

自贡市688名3～7岁儿童气质特点的调查分析

目的:探讨自贡市学龄前儿童气质类型分布特点及其影响因素.方法:随机抽取自贡市市区不同类型的8所幼儿园共688名儿童采用NYLS的3～7岁儿童气质量表的家长评定问卷和自拟影响因素问卷进行调查.应用气质量表进行气质类型评定.结果:中间型占72.3%,易养型占5.8%,启动缓慢型占9.5%,难养型占12.2%.学龄前儿童的气质发展与养育类型、家庭类型与父母相处的时间等因素有关.结论:儿童气质的发展受多因素影响,必须从多方面综合分析其气质特征,使儿童的气质与周围环境相协调,有利于促进儿童心理健康发展.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.