中国南海花刺柳珊瑚化学成分研究

目的研究花刺柳珊瑚Echinogorgia flora的化学成分。方法利用硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20、凝胶色谱、HPLC等手段对化学成分进行了分离纯化;通过理化性质,波谱分析结合参考文献,鉴定化合物的结构。结果从花刺柳珊瑚的甲醇氯仿混合溶剂提取物中,分离鉴定了15个单体化合物:(22E)-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(1),5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6-烯-3β-醇(2),(24E)-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-24-乙基-6,24-二烯-3β-醇(3),(22E)-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-24-乙基-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(4),(22E)-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-23-甲基-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5),5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-24-甲基-6,9(11),22-三烯-3β-醇(6),6-甲氧基-胆甾-7-烯-3β,5α-二醇(7),(22E)-24-乙基-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(8),24-亚甲基-胆甾-3β,5α,6β-三醇(9),(22E)-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(10),胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(11),胆甾醇(12),24-亚甲基胆甾醇(13),丁烯酸内酯(14),N-2-(1,3-二羟基-4,8-十八二烯基-)-十六酰胺(15)。结论化合物(1-15)均为首次从该种柳珊瑚中得到。     

中国南海聚裂丛柳珊瑚化学成分研究

目的研究聚裂丛柳珊瑚Rumphella aggregata的化学成分。方法利用硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱、HPLC等手段对化学成分进行分离纯化;通过理化性质、波谱分析方法结合文献对照,鉴定化合物的结构。结果从聚裂丛柳珊瑚甲醇提取物中,共分离鉴定了15个单体化合物:胆甾醇(1)、(22E)-胆甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、(22E)-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、麦角甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(4)、豆甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(5)、柳珊瑚甾醇(6)、胆甾-7-烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(7)、(22E)-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(8)、麦角甾-7-烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(9)、(22E)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(10)、豆甾-7-烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(11)、(22E)-豆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(12)、尿嘧啶(13)、咖啡因(14)、hydratoperidinin(15)。结论化合物1～15均为首次从该属柳珊瑚中分离得到,并首次对化合物hydratoperidinin(15)的1HNMR及13 CNMR信号进行了全归属。化合物12在10μg.mL-1浓度水平,对K562肿瘤细胞株的抑制率为39.17%。     

中国南海扁小尖柳珊瑚Muricella sibogae化学成分研究△

目的 研究扁小尖柳珊瑚Muricella sibogae的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶薄层色谱、硅胶柱层析、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、HPLC等手段对化学成分进行了分离纯化;结合化合物理化性质和波谱数据分析,通过文献对照,鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从扁小尖柳珊瑚Muricella sibogae的甲醇提取物中,分离并鉴定了9个单体化合物：(22E)-3β-羟基胆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮 (1),3β-羟基胆甾-5-烯-7-酮(2),胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-醇 (3),(22E, 24S)-麦角甾-5, 22-二烯-3β-醇(4),(22E, 24R)-麦角甾-5, 22-二烯-3β-醇 (5),次黄嘌呤核苷 (6),尿嘧啶核苷 (7),顺-5, 8, 11, 14-二十碳四烯酸甲酯 (8),顺-9, 12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯 (9)。其中化合物1-3、6-9为首次从该物种中分离得到。     

珊瑚共附生毛壳属真菌中的麦角甾醇成分及肿瘤干细胞增殖抑制活性

目的 研究软珊瑚来源的毛壳属真菌(Cheatomium sp.)中的活性成分。方法 采用多种分离手段对毛壳属真菌的乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化,运用现代波谱技术并结合文献报道数据,鉴定化合物的结构;采用CCK-8方法对化合物的肝癌干细胞增殖抑制活性进行了体外测试。结果 分离得到13个已知的麦角甾醇类化合物,其结构分别鉴定为：麦角甾醇(1),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-5α,8α-过氧-3β-醇(2),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,8(14),22-三烯-3β,15α-二羟基-7-酮(3),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,8(14),22-三烯-3β,15β-二羟基-7-酮(4),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,8,22-三烯-3β-羟基-7-酮(5),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α,9α-四醇(6),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-5α,6α-环氧-3β-醇(7),麦角甾-7,22-三烯-6β-甲氧基-3β,5α-二醇(8),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α-二醇-6-酮(9),麦角甾-7,9(11),22-三烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(10),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(11),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5a,9a-三醇-6-酮(12),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-8,22-二烯-5α,6α-环氧-3β,7α-二醇(13)。在体外活性测试中,化合物3、4、6、8、13对人肝癌Huh7干细胞增殖显示不同程度的抑制活性。结论 化合物5~13为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。本文是对麦角甾醇类化合物抑制肿瘤干细胞增殖活性的首次报道。     

扁小尖柳珊瑚Muricella sibogae化学成分研究

目的研究海洋动物扁小尖柳珊瑚Muricella sibogae的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、HPLC等手段对化合物进行分离纯化;利用理化性质和波谱分析方法,结合文献鉴定化合物的结构。结果从扁小尖柳珊瑚甲醇提取物中分离得到5个甾体化合物胆甾醇(1)、24-甲基-胆甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、胆甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、麦角甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(4)、(Z)-豆甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(5),2个二萜化合物13-去乙酰氧基calicophirin B(6)和Ophirin(7)。结论化合物1～7均为首次从该种柳珊瑚中分离得到。     

中国南海短指软珊瑚化学成分研究

目的研究短指软珊瑚Sinulariasp.的化学成分。方法利用硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱、HPLC等手段对化学成分进行分离纯化;通过理化性质、波谱分析方法结合文献对照,鉴定化合物的结构。结果从短指软珊瑚甲醇提取物中,共分离鉴定了11个单体化合物:胆甾醇(1)、(22E)-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、胆甾-5,20-二烯-3β-醇(3)、麦角甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(4)、柳珊瑚甾醇(5)、3β-羟基胆甾-5-烯-7-酮(6)、3β-羟基麦角甾-5,24(28)-二烯-7-酮(7)、(22E)-3β-羟基麦角甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(8)、3β-羟基麦角甾-5-烯-7-酮(9)、(22E)-3β-羟基胆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(10)、鲨肝醇(11)。结论化合物6～10为首次从该属软珊瑚中分离得到。化合物7在10μg.mL-1浓度水平,对K562肿瘤细胞株的抑制率为22.74%,对HeLa肿瘤细胞株的抑制率为9.98%。     

天女木兰叶中甾类化合物的分离与鉴定

目的对天女木兰叶的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定。方法采用硅胶、凝胶柱色谱和重结晶等分离方法对天女木兰叶的体积分数为90%的乙醇溶液提取物进行成分分离;通过谱学分析方法结合化合物理化性质对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为豆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮(stigmast-4-en-3,6-dione,1),豆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇(stigmast-4-en-3β,6β-diol,2),5α,8α-过氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇[5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol,3],豆甾-4-烯-6β-羟基-3-酮(stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one,4),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,5),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇[(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol,6],豆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(stigmast-5-en-3β,7α-diol,7),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,8)。结论化合物2-4、6、7为首次从木兰属植物中分离得到,化合物1为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

红树林植物海莲内生真菌Penicillium sp.091402化学成分的研究

目的 对红树植物海莲内生真茵茵丝体提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行化学成分研究.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱等分离手段,利用理化教据和各种波谱分析方法,结合文献对照,对海莲内生真菌penicilium sp.091402菌丝体中化学成分进行分离鉴定.结果与结论 从海莲内生真菌penicilium sp.091402菌丝体乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为:(3β,22E)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3-醇(1),(313,5α,8α,22E)-5,8-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3-醇(2),(3β,5α,6α,7α,22E)-5,6-环氧麦角甾-8(14),22-=-烯-3,7-二醇(3),(3β,5α,6β,22E)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3,5,6-三醇(4),soyasapogenol B(5)和citrinin H2(6).     

沐浴角骨海绵的化学成分研究（Ⅰ）

首次报道运用波谱及GC-MS等方法从沐浴角骨海绵(Spongia of ficinalis L)中分离鉴定出8个单羟基甾醇化合物。1 22,23-甲撑基胆甾-5,7-二烯-3β-醇,2胆甾-5,7-二烯-3β-醇,3胆甾-5,7,25-三烯-3β-醇,4豆甾-5-烯-3β-醇,5豆甾-7,16,25-三烯-3β-醇,6豆甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇,7麦角甾-5,7-二烯-3β-醇,8(22-E)麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇。     

中国南海软珊瑚 Dendronephthya gigantea 中的多羟基甾醇成分

从中国南海三亚海域采集的软珊瑚Dendronephthya gigantea中，分离得到6个甾醇类成分，分别为胆甾醇(I)，胆甾-5-烯-3β，7β二醇(Ⅱ)，胆甾-5，22(E)-二烯-3β，7α-二醇(Ⅲ)，24-亚甲基-胆甾-5-烯-3β，7α-二醇(Ⅳ)，24-甲基-胆甾-5，22(E)-二烯-3β，7α-二醇(V)和胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α二醇(Ⅵ)。应用^1H,^13C NMR,EIMS等谱学方法确定了它们的结构。化合物Ⅰ～Ⅵ均为首次从该种属软珊瑚中分离得到。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.