不同类型银杏叶中银杏内酯的含量测定

目的 :建立HPLC法测定各种类型银杏叶中银杏内酯的含量。方法 :色谱柱为SUNIERKromasilC1 8(5 μm ,4 6mm×2 5 0mm) ,以 33%甲醇为流动相 ,流速 :1mL·min- 1 ,示差检测器 (RI) ,以银杏内酯A、B、C及白果内酯 4种对照品为对照。结果 :测定了各种类型的银杏叶内酯的含量。结论 :找出了银杏叶的最佳采集时间。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定重庆三峡库区银杏叶中银杏内酯的含量

目的:建立测定重庆三峡库区银杏叶中4种银杏内酯含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Hypersi lODS-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-四氢呋喃-水(25:5:70),流速为1.0mL·min-1,柱温为30℃,采用蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)检测,外标法测定。结果:银杏叶中银杏内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的进样量分别在1.53～19.30μg(r=0.9995)、1.31～17.42μg(r=0.9993)、1.49～17.45μg(r=0.9998)和2.07～19.86μg(r=0.9990)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为98.22%、95.05%、97.23%和98.67%,RSD分别为4.3%、3.9%、4.1%和3.7%(n=6)。结论:本法简便、准确、重复性好,适用于银杏叶中银杏内酯的含量测定,同时也可为研究三峡库区银杏叶中所含药物的质量提供可靠的检测方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的含量

目的建立银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸含量的HPLC测定方法.方法银杏叶提取物及其制剂经石油醚提取,提取液浓缩后用石油醚定容,HPLC直接测定,并用LC/MS对其中的银杏酸进行了定性鉴定.色谱分析条件:色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-2,流动相为甲醇-3% HAc溶液(92∶8),流速1.0 mL*min-1,柱温40 ℃,紫外检测波长310 nm.结果银杏叶提取物中存在6种银杏酸C13:0,C15:0,C15:1,C17:1,C17:2和一种可能是C17∶3的银杏酸化合物,其中C13∶0,C15∶1和C17∶1占总银杏酸的94%以上.实验测得高银杏酸含量的提取物中银杏酸含量为1.12%,RSD为2.4%(n=5);银杏叶提取物片剂中银杏酸含量为49.2 μg*g-1,RSD为4.3%(n=5).平均回收率98.2%,RSD为2.6%(n=5).结论该方法准确、快速、简便,可用于银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的定量分析.     

HPLC-RI法测定银杏叶提取物中4种内酯的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物中4种内酯(银杏内酯 A、银杏内酯 B、银杏内酯 C、白果内酯)的含量。方法:采用 Symmetryshield 型 C_(18)色谱柱(3.9 mm×150 mm,5 μm),以甲醇-水(30:70)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min~~(-1),用外标法测定,示差折光检测器检测。结果:4种内酯浓度在0.02～0.24 mg·mL~(-1)范围内,与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数在0.9984～0.9998之间,检测限在0.025～0.035 μg之间,回收率在99.0%～100.2%之间。结论:本方法简单、准确、可靠、灵敏,适用于实验室和企业常规质量控制。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定银杏叶茶中总内酯的含量

目的：采用RP-HPLC法测定低酚酸银杏叶保健茶中总内酯的含量。方法：采用AgilentC18（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）色谱柱,以甲醇-四氢呋喃-水（25：10：65）为流动相,柱温为30℃,蒸发光散射检测器检测。结果：银杏叶保健茶中银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银叶内酯C和白果内酯的进样量的对数与峰面积的对数线性关系较好,线性范围分别为0.485～9.701μg、0.460～9.204μg、0.501～11.899μg、0.935～18.703μg;银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银叶内酯C和白果内酯加样回收率分别为100.45%（RSD为2.79%）、98.29%（RSD为2.90%）、98.22%（RSD为2.53%）、101.32%（RSD为1.81%）。结论：本方法简便、准确、分离效果好,适合于银杏叶茶总内酯的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定银杏叶片中4种萜类内酯含量

目的 优化银杏叶片银杏萜类内酯A、B、C及白果内酯含量测定方法.方法 采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法(HPLC-ELSD),色谱柱:Purispher star-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),以A:B(31:69)[A:四氢呋喃-乙腈-甲醇(5:22:12),B:1%醋酸溶液]为流动相,柱温为室温,流速1 mL·min-1,载气为氮气,压力350 kPa,漂移管温度40 ℃,增阈值6.0.结果 银杏内酯C进样量在0.46～13.80 μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 0;平均回收率为99.14%(n＝5),RSD＝1.39%;白果内酯进样量在1.175～35.250 μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 7,平均回收率98.75%(n＝5),RSD＝2.06%.银杏内酯A进样量在0.875～26.250 μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 0,平均回收率98.71%(n＝5),RSD＝3.11%;银杏内酯B进样量在0.475～14.250 μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 1,平均回收率97.80%(n＝5),RSD＝3.22%.结论 优化后的方法简便,快速,准确,稳定性和重复性较好,可用于银杏叶片萜类内酯的含量测定.     

HPLC测定银杏叶片中总黄酮醇苷和萜类内酯的含量

目的 测定银杏叶片中总黄酮醇苷和银杏萜类内酯的含量.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为YMC-Pack ODS-A(150mm×6.0 mm含量,5 μm);流动相分别为甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(55:45)、水-甲醇-四氢呋喃(75:25:12);流速1.0 ml·min-1;检测波长360 nm;进样量10 μl.结果 槲皮素、山柰素和异鼠李素等3种黄酮苷元、白果内酯及银杏内酯A、B、C等4种银杏萜类内酯均能得到良好分离,标准曲线线性关系良好.结论 所建方法准确、灵敏、稳定、可靠,可满足定量分析的需要.     

高效液相色谱蒸发光散射测定银杏叶软胶囊中4种萜类内酯的含量

目的:用HPLC-ELSD测定银杏叶软胶囊中银杏内酯A、B、C及白果内酯的含量.方法:色谱柱填料为十八烷基键合硅胶,流动相为四氢呋喃-甲醇-水(11 : 19:70);漂移管温度为109℃,戴气流速为2.9L·min-1.结果:银杏内酯A、B、C及白果内酯分别在2.994μg～14.970μg、2.967μg～14.835μg、2.955μg～14.775μg5.952μg～29.760μg线性关系良好;银杏内酯A、B、C及白果内酯的平均回收率分别为97.2%、97.5%、97.6%、98.3%.结论:该方法简便、准确、分离效果好;本方法可用于银杏叶软胶囊的质量评价.     

HPLC-CAD法测定银杏叶片中萜类内酯的含量

目的建立银杏叶片中萜类内酯的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC-CAD法测定白果内酯、银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B和银杏内酯C的含量。使用Agilent TC C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以正丙醇-四氢呋喃-水(1∶15∶84)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温40℃,采用电喷雾检测器进行检测。结果各萜类内酯在线性范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9997～1.000,平均回收率(n=6)在97.3%～99.1%,RSD在1.6%～2.5%。结论该方法灵敏度高,精密度、重复性、准确度均良好,可作为银杏叶片中萜类内酯的含量测定方法。     

反相HPLC法测定银杏叶中银杏内酯的含量

目的：测定银杏叶中银杏内酯的含量。方法：实验中采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定银杏提取物（GBE）中银杏内酯含量的优化方法,GBE用甲醇溶解后,经酸性氧化铝柱净化,由反向HPLC测定银杏内酯含量。结果：测定银杏内酯含量A,银杏内酯B,银杏内酯C,白果内酯在0.5～7.5μg具有良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为97.2%（相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.4%）、99.3%（RSD=1.9%）、97.4%（RSD=2.5%）。结论：该方法快速、有效,准确度高,重现性好。可用于银杏叶及其提取物（GBE）中银杏内酯的快速测定和分析。     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.