甘草配方颗粒HPLC指纹图谱研究

摘 要 目的： 建立甘草配方颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱。方法: 以甘草酸为参照物,利用高效液相色谱梯度洗脱,测定了12批甘草配方颗粒样品;色谱柱为 Waters SunFire C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相: 乙腈( A) -0.1%的磷酸溶液( B),检测波长:237 nm,柱温:30 ℃ ,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1。结果: 通过HPLC指纹图谱分析,标示出甘草配方颗粒21个共有色谱峰,相似度均大于0.97,并确认2个已知峰为甘草苷和甘草酸。结论:建立的甘草配方颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱稳定可靠,操作简便,可为甘草配方颗粒质量控制提供科学依据。     

肾衰宁颗粒指纹图谱研究及3种有效成分含量测定

目的 通过高效液相色谱法建立肾衰宁颗粒的指纹图谱,并测定肾衰宁颗粒中3种有效成分（橙皮苷、丹酚酸B和大黄酚）的含量,为肾衰宁颗粒的质量控制提供依据。方法 采用SunFire^TM C₁₈色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 ml/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温25 ℃,建立肾衰宁颗粒的指纹图谱,并对3种有效成分的含量进行测定。结果 测定10批肾衰宁颗粒的色谱图,确立的标准指纹图谱上有22个共有峰,各批次的指纹图谱与对照图谱之间相似度均不小于0.90,相似度良好。方法学验证结果表明重复性、稳定性、精密度结果均符合要求。结论 本法操作简单、可靠,适用于肾衰宁颗粒指纹图谱的建立及含量测定,为肾衰宁颗粒的质量控制提供依据。     

注射用五味子提取物指纹图谱研究

目的 采用高效液相色谱法建立注射用五味子提取物指纹图谱,并对2015—2016年制备的40批注射用五味子提取物进行指纹图谱相似度分析。方法 试验考察了不同流动相组成和浓度、不同检测波长、不同洗脱方法、不同品牌C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）、不同流速、不同柱温等条件下供试品溶液的色谱行为,利用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对试验所得色谱图进行相似度分析。结果 确定了高效液相色谱检测条件,建立了20批注射用五味子提取物的对照指纹图谱（相似度不低于0.991）,确定了12个共有峰,并对5个共有峰进行了指认,其余20批供试品与对照图谱的相似度均值为0.994。结论 本试验建立的注射用五味子提取物指纹图谱可以为其质量控制提供科学的依据,为完善注射用益气复脉（冻干）质量标准提供数据支持。     

痤疮消炎洗剂HPLC指纹图谱研究

摘 要 目的：制备痤疮消炎洗剂,建立测定该制剂高效液相色谱指纹图谱的方法,用于控制该制剂的质量。方法: 采用HPLC梯度洗脱法测定痤疮消炎洗剂的指纹图谱,色谱柱为 Waters XTerra MS C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);乙腈为流动相A,0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相B,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长：277 nm,柱温:30℃。 结果: 标示出痤疮消炎洗剂中16个共有峰,并确证3个已知峰为黄芩苷、蒙花苷和大黄酸。结论:该法建立的痤疮消炎洗剂的H PLC指纹图谱重复性好,色谱峰信息量大,为全面控制该制剂的质量提供了可靠的方法。     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30 ℃,洗脱时间为80 min。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对检测出色谱进行指纹图谱相似度评价。结果 建立了鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,15个峰归属到各药材,其中5个峰确认了化学成分;10批样品的指纹图谱的整体相似度与对照图谱比较,均在90%以上。结论 所建立的鼻渊净胶囊指纹图谱有助于从整体上控制该制剂的质量。     

基于标准汤剂的酒女贞子配方颗粒HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立酒女贞子配方颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱,并对其与饮片、标准汤剂、中间体的相关性进行评价。方法 采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;以甲醇-水作为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长为224 nm;柱温为30℃;进样体积为10 μL。结果 酒女贞子饮片、标准汤剂、中间体及配方颗粒指纹图谱均呈现5个共有特征峰,呈良好的相关性,在5个共有峰中指认出山特女贞苷、齐墩果酸、熊果酸3个成分。酒女贞子饮片、标准汤剂、中间体、配方颗粒的主要化学成分组成基本相同,结论 该HPLC指纹图谱方法可用于酒女贞子配方颗粒的生产全过程的质量控制。     

红参高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立红参药材高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,为其质量评价提供依据。方法 Sharpsil-T C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱;柱温为30℃;流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长为203 nm。结果 以人参皂苷Rb1为参照峰,建立10批红参的对照指纹图谱,识别出24个共有峰,其相似度均大于0.940。通过质谱推断、对照品比对确证了其中11个共有峰。结论 该方法操作简便、准确可靠、重复性较好,为红参药材的质量控制提供了有效手段。     

苦荞茶中槲皮素、山柰素含量测定及指纹图谱分析

目的 建立苦荞茶高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,并测定不同批次苦荞茶槲皮素、山柰素的含量,为苦荞茶的质量控制提供参考方法。方法 色谱柱为Agilent C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) ;流动相：乙腈-0.2%磷酸梯度洗脱,检测波长260 nm,柱温28 ℃,流速1 mL·min^-1,进样量10 µL。结果 黑苦荞茶中槲皮素的含量总体高于黄苦荞茶,12批苦荞茶指纹图谱之间的相似度为0.988~1.000。结论 该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于苦荞茶的质量控制。     

肾康注射液指纹图谱的研究

目的 建立肾康注射液的超高效液相色谱（UPLC）指纹图谱,并对肾康注射液指纹图谱共有峰进行鉴定。方法 采用超高效液相色谱条件法,色谱柱ACQUITY UPLC^® CSH-C₁₈（2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm）,甲醇（A）-0.1%甲酸溶液（B）二元梯度洗脱,流速0.4 ml/min,检测波长280 nm,进样量2 μl,柱温30℃,使用飞行时间质谱仪,负离子模式扫描。结果 建立了肾康注射液UPLC指纹图谱,采用UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS技术共鉴定了26个共有峰。采用《中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012.130723版）》评价了20批肾康注射液,指纹图谱相似度均大于0.90。结论 本方法所建立的肾康注射液指纹图谱灵敏度高,稳定可靠,为肾康注射液的质量控制提供了科学依据。     

不同厂家雷公藤多苷片HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立雷公藤多苷片的高效液相指纹图谱,考察不同生产厂家的雷公藤多苷片的一致性,为更好的完善该制剂的质量评价奠定基础。方法 采用高效液相色谱法,Agilent C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱（0~70 min,35∶65→100∶0）;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长218 nm;进样量20 μL。结果 测定了7个厂家的指纹图谱,色谱图差距较大,提示不同厂家的雷公藤多苷片的化学成分不同或同成分但含量差别较大。确定了22个峰为雷公藤多苷片的共有峰,并利用主成分分析法（PCA）对指纹图谱进行处理,不同厂家的雷公藤多苷片可明显区分。结论 市售雷公藤多苷片的质量参差不齐,不同生产厂家雷公藤多苷片HPLC指纹图谱差异较大,该方法为更好地控制雷公藤多苷片的内在质量提供了有益的参考。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

Reassessment of the toxin profile of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 and function of putative sulfotransferases in synthesis of sulfated and sulfonated PSP toxins

The toxigenic freshwater cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 has been used as a model to study and elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydropurine neurotoxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). There are nevertheless several inconsistencies and contradictions in the toxin profile of this strain as published by different research groups, and claimed to include carbamoyl (STX, NEO, GTX2/3), decarbamoyl (dcSTX), and N-sulfocarbamoyl (C1/2, B1) derivatives. Our analysis of the complete genome of another PSP toxin-producing cyanobacterium, Raphidiopsis brookii D9, which is closely related to C. raciborskii T3, resolved many issues regarding the correlation between biosynthetic pathways, corresponding genes and the T3 toxin profile. The putative sxt gene cluster in R. brookii D9 has a high synteny with the T3 sxt cluster, with 100% nucleotide identity among the shared genes. We also compared the PSP toxin profile of the strains by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In contrast to published reports, our reassessment of the PSP toxin profile of T3 confirmed production of only STX, NEO and dcNEO. We gained significant insights via correlation between specific sxt genes and their role in PSP toxin synthesis in both D9 and T3 strains. In particular, analysis of sulfotransferase functions for SxtN (N-sulfotransferase) and SxtSUL (O-sulfotransferase) enzymes allowed us to propose an extension of the PSP toxin biosynthetic pathway from STX to the production of the derivatives GTX2/3, C1/2 and B1. This is a significantly revised view of the genetic mechanisms underlying synthesis of sulfated and sulfonated STX analogues in toxigenic cyanobacteria.     

银杏叶提取物与刺梨配伍抗实验性肝损伤作用

目的：比较复方银杏叶胶囊（CGB）与单方银杏叶提取物（GBE）的保肝作用。方法：用CGB、GBE给小鼠灌胃30d后,腹腔注射CCl4诱发肝损伤,测定小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）及肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量;用H2O2诱导人肝L-02细胞氧化损伤,观察细胞增殖及总抗氧化能力。结果：CGB2．4、0．8和0．4g／kg3个剂量组与模型组比较,小鼠血清ALT、AST明显降低（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,同时肝匀浆中SOD显著升高、MDA下降（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;CGB组细胞增殖率和总抗氧化能力分别较模型组和单方组显著提高（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。结论：CGB的抗肝损伤作用优于单方银杏叶提取物。     

Chemopreventive effect of celecoxib in gastric cancer

COX (cyclooxygenase) is one of the key enzymes involved in the synthesis of a variety of prostaglandins (PGs), some of which have been strongly linked to inflammation. One of its two well-known isoforms, COX-2, is an inducible enzyme whose induction and expression is dynamically regulated by growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Several animal and clinical studies have reported the chemopreventive effect of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor; and in particular, a few studies have shown that celecoxib prevents the development of gastric cancer. Administration of celecoxib also showed increases in cardiovascular risk and disruption of renal physiology. Therefore, studies hoping to clarify how selective COX-2 inhibitors modulate gastric cancer must keep in mind that coxibs have also been linked to serious cardiovascular events and disruption of renal physiology. Received 12 July 2006; accepted 21 August 2006     

Effect of bay K 8644, a calcium channel agonist,on dog cardiac muscarinic receptors

To investigate further whether the effects of the dihydropyridine (DHP) drugs on calcium channels are related to those of these drugs on muscarinic receptors, the binding characteristics of the DHP calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644, on muscarinic receptors and calcium channels were compared to those of the DHP calcium channel antagonists, nicardipine and nimodipine in the dog cardiac sarcolemma. Bay K 8644, nicardipine and nimodipine inhibited the specific [³H]QNB binding with K _i values of 16.7μM, 3.5μM and 15.5μM respectively. Saturation data of [³H]QNB binding in the presence of these DHP drugs showed this inhibition to be competitive. Bay K 8644, like nicardipine and nimodipine, blocked the binding of [³H]nitrendipine to the high affinity DHP binding sites, but atropine did not, indicating that the muscarinic receptors and the DHP binding sites on calcium channels are distinct. The K _i value of Bay K 8644 for the DHP binding sites was 4 nM. Nicardipine and nimodipine (K _i :0.1–0.2 nM) were at least 20 times more potent than Bay K 8644 in inhibiting [³H]nitrendipine binding. Thus, the muscarinic receptors were about 4000 times less sensitive than these high affinity DHP binding sites to Bay K 8644. These results suggest that the DHP calcium agonist Bay K 8644 binds directly to the muscarinic receptors but its interaction with the muscarinic receptors is not related to its binding to the DHP binding sites on calcium channels.     

2017—2020年克拉玛依市中心医院抗菌药物使用强度与分离菌耐药性变化情况

目的 分析克拉玛依市中心医院2017—2020年住院患者常见分离菌分布及耐药率的变迁情况,为指导抗菌药物临床合理应用提供依据。方法 收集2017—2020年克拉玛依市中心医院住院患者抗菌药物使用情况及分离菌,分析主要分离菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药率变化趋势。结果 2017—2019克拉玛依市中心医院抗菌药物使用率和使用强度呈下降趋势,4年共有分离菌12 135株,其中革兰阳性菌2 567株,占21.15%;革兰阴性菌6 310株,占52.00%;真菌3 258株,占26.85%。居前5位的分离菌分别是白色假丝酵母菌（19.59%）、大肠埃希菌（16.84%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（13.33%）、鲍曼不动杆菌（8.71%）和铜绿假单胞菌（7.94%）。主要分离菌对常用抗菌药物耐药率总体呈下降趋势,肠杆菌科细菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药性下降最明显。结论 克拉玛依市中心医院分离菌逐年增加,耐药率有下降趋势,抗菌药物临床应用基本合理,但需完善真菌检测能力。