尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶在妇科手术中应用的安全性及有效性观察

目的 观察及评价注射用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶(HCA)在妇科手术中应用的安全性及止血效果.方法 妇科手术病人39例,围手术期使用HCA辅助止血,观察给药前和给药后第3天,病人凝血功能、血常规、肝肾功能指标;同时观察药物对手术视野及出血量的影响.结果 HCA用于妇科手术止血,用药前与用药后第3天,凝血功能、血常规、肝肾功能指标无明显变化(P>0.01).能明显清晰手术视野,减少出血量,止血有效率达87.18%.结论 注射用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶在妇科手术中应用安全、有效.     

尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶在腹部手术中的应用研究

目的评价注射用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶(HCA)在腹部手术中应用的止血效果及安全性。方法将我院腹部手术患者82例,随机分为试验组与对照组,试验组术前应用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶,对照组术前应用生理盐水,分别对两组患者术中失血量与术后引流量进行比较,同时比较试验组给药前和给药后第3天,患者凝血功能、肝肾功能指标。结果试验组术中失血量与术后引流量较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组给药前和给药后3 d患者凝血功能及肝、肾功能指标无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶在腹部手术中的应用有效且安全的。     

尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶与氨甲环酸术中止血效果比较

目的:评价术中使用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶对手术切口止血作用的有效性及安全性。方法:对行妇产科腹腔镜手术的40例患者术中分别采用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶与氨甲环酸术中止血,并进行效果比较。尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶组20例,氨甲环酸氯化钠组20例。术中分别静脉给予尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶2 U、氨甲环酸氯化钠1 g。观察2组患者手术切口出血量、术中出血量、切口创面止血时间及术后3天血常规、凝血功能、肝肾功能变化情况。结果:2组患者的止血效果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。2组患者术后3天的血常规、凝血功能、肝肾功能检查结果与术前比较均无显著性差异。本组病例无不良事件发生。结论:尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶对手术伤口的止血作用与氨甲环酸氯化钠相似,均有较好的安全性。     

两种途径给予尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶联合应用抗凝药对髋关节置换老年患者凝血功能的影响

目的：观察两种途径给予尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶（ HCA ），联合术后使用抗凝药用于老年患者行单髋关节置换，术中和术后凝血功能的变化。方法将择期行单髋关节置换术的患者共60例，随机分为观察组和试验组，每组30例。试验组于切皮前15 min，将HCA 2 kU溶于0í．9％氯化钠溶液100 ml中经静脉快速滴入，关闭关节腔后将HCA 1 kU用0．9％氯化钠溶液40 ml稀释后注入。对照组不使用HCA。于术前（T1）、术毕即刻（T2）、术后24 h（T3）、术后第3天（T4）抽取静脉血，检测凝血四项、血小板。结果2组患者PLT、TT值，在T2、T3与术前比均有所下降（ P ＜0．05），FBG在T2、T3与T1比较有所降低（ P ＜0．05）。结论两种途径共同给予HCA用于老年患者行单髋关节置换手术，联合术后使用抗凝药，对围术期凝血功能无明显影响。     

卡络磺钠氯化钠注射液用于小儿腹部手术的有效性和安全性研究

目的：探讨卡络磺钠氯化钠注射液应用于小儿腹部手术的有效性和安全性。方法选取本院2012年10月—2013年11月接诊的78例小儿腹部手术患儿为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组39例。对照组患儿予以常规治疗,观察组患儿在上述基础上加用卡络磺钠氯化钠注射液,检测观察组患儿用药前、术后第1、3天的血常规、凝血功能以及肝肾功能指标,观察并比较两组患儿术中渗血、出血量以及术后引流量。结果观察组患儿术后第1、3天血常规、凝血功能以及肝肾功能指标与用药前比较,差异均无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）;观察组患儿的术中术野渗血、出血量以及术后引流量均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（ P〈0.05）。结论卡络磺钠氯化钠注射液应用于小儿腹部手术安全、可靠,有效地减少了患儿渗血、出血量以及引流量。     

注射用心肌肽在心脏手术中应用的有效性及安全性观察

为了研究注射用心肌肽在体外循环心脏停搏液及围手术期中应用对心肌的保护作用,评价其用药的安全性,选择在我院心血管外科择期行心脏手术100例,根据患者知情权分为试验组50例,均在中低温体外循环心脏停跳下行心脏手术,其中行心脏瓣膜置换术30例,冠状动脉旁路移植术10例和先天性心脏病心内修复术10例,挑选同期基本情况相似患者50例为对照组。试验组麻醉后,静脉滴注注射用心肌肽1mg／kg,第1次灌注的心脏停搏液中一次性加入注射用心肌肽2mg／kg;术后第1、2、3天静脉滴注注射用心肌肽3mg／kg。对照组给予相同剂量的5％葡萄糖。观察心脏复跳方式,术中术后血流动力学,血气分析变化,血尿常规,生化指标及心功能变化,术前、术后第1天和术后第5天心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）变化情况。结果显示,两组在体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、心脏复跳方式,血流动力学、血气分析,血尿常规、肝肾功能、心功能上无明显差异。试验组在辅助呼吸天数、ICU天数、术后住院天数及住院期间正性肌力药使用天数上低于对照组,但无统计学意义。cTnT检测两组在术前无明显差异,术后第l天两组均达到高峰,术后第5天出现回落,但仍高于术前,两组间比较,试验组在第5天明显低于对照组（t=-4．701,P〈0．05）。结论：注射用心肌肽在心脏手术围手术期有一定的心肌保护作用,且应用对人体重要脏器无显著影响,使用是安全的。     

早产儿应用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶止血的安全性评价

目的 评价早产儿使用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶止血的安全性.方法 50例早产儿入院后第1天给予尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶0.5单位,静脉注射,1次/d,连续使用7～10 d,观察用药前后机体的凝血功能、生命体征及肝肾功能等指标.结果 50例凝血功能异常的早产儿用药前凝血酶原时间(PT)为(31±5)s,用药后为(23±4)s,用药前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),用药后患儿PT时间缩短,对患儿的其他凝血功能指标不产生影响,并且其生命体征、肝、肾、心脏及血常规均未发生显著性变化.结论 早产儿使用尖吻蝮蛇血凝酶有较高的安全性.     

大量输血对严重创伤患者凝血功能的影响

目的分析大量输血对严重创伤患者凝血功能的影响。方法随机抽取我院近2年来收治的严重创伤患者43例,均予以大量输血,分析患者输血后凝血功能变化。结果患者输血后第1天FIB明显低于输血前,输血后3 d超过术前水平(P<0.05),输血后第1天APTT、TT及PT明显长于输血前(P<0.05)。输血后第1天PLT含量低于术前,输血后3 d尚无恢复术前水平(P<0.05),HGB、HCT输血后第1、3天高于输血前(P<0.05)。结论严重创伤患者经大量输血后,凝血功能指标发生变化,凝血功能降低,应即时监测,保障患者凝血功能正常。     

头孢哌酮对术后切口止血的影响

目的:观察头孢哌酮对手术止血功能的影响,为术前抗感染用药提供参考。方法:择期剖腹手术患者60例随机均分为头孢哌酮用药组与对照组,观察2组术前、术后凝血功能指标变化,记录术中失血量、输血量、止血时间。结果:头孢哌酮用药组的凝血酶时间、凝血酶原时间、部分凝血酶原时间比对照组长,术中失血量、输血量和手术止血时间均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:术前应用头孢哌酮5d以上,术中失血量、输血量增加,手术后止血时间延长。     

冻干人凝血酶原复合物治疗肝硬化凝血功能障碍的临床研究

目的：观察凝血酶原复合物治疗肝硬化凝血功能障碍患者的疗效。方法：凝血酶原复合物300PE加注射用水250ml静脉滴注，每天2次，连续用药3天。观察临床症状、体征的变化，测定用药前一天和治疗后次日APTT、PT及Ⅶ因子的水平。结果：经治疗，患者APTT、PT较治疗前缩短，其中PT的缩短有统计学意义；Ⅶ因子含量显著高于治疗前。19例治疗前有上消化道出血患者中16例3天内止血，另3例5天内止血，住院期间无一例继续或再次发生消化道出血。结论：凝血酶原复合物应用于肝硬化伴凝血功能障碍患者能提高患者血浆凝血因子浓度，缩短凝血酶原时间，达到止血和预防出血的目的。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.