TAT-N24穿膜融合多肽对前列腺癌细胞增殖的影响

目的 观察TAT-N24穿膜融合多肽抑制前列癌细胞增殖的作用. 方法 用纯化的TAT-N24穿膜融合多肽处理前列癌PC3细胞,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期进程的改变, BrdU掺入法检测其对细胞DNA合成的影响,Western blot法检测细胞内AKT蛋白的磷酸水平的变化. 结果 ①细胞周期分布:空白组G₀/G₁期(56.9±6.1)%,S期(27.0±2.3)%,G₂/M期(16.1±1.3)%;对照多肽组G₀/G₁期(57.9±4.8)%,S期(24.2±3.1)%,G₂/M期(27.8±1.4)%;TAT-N24组G0/G1期(68.6±5.4)%(P<0.05),S期(19.4±1.5)%(P<0.05),G₂/M期(12.3±1.4)%.②BrdU阳性细胞为空白组(37.9±3.2)%,对照多肽组(36.2±4.1)%,TAT-N24组(21.5±2.4)% (P<0.05) ;③AKT磷酸化水平组间差异无统计学意义. 结论 TAT-N24穿膜融合多肽能有效阻滞前列腺癌PC3细胞的细胞周期进程,并抑制其DNA合成.TAT-N24穿膜融合多肽有望成为有效的治疗前列腺癌的分子靶向药物.     

一氧化氮抑制常氧和低氧培养的肺动脉内皮细胞增殖

探讨一氧化氮(NO)在常氧和无氧(0% O₂)条件下对肺动脉内皮细胞(PAEC)增殖的影响. 结果表明，无氧和NO合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-NA 2.5 mmol·L^-1)培养24 h对PAEC形态无明显影响，NO供体SIN-1(0.1-1.0 mmol·L^-1)使常氧与无氧条件下培养的PAEC贴壁细胞明显减少；与常氧组相比，无氧培养24 h使PAEC的［³H］TdR参入降低53%；L-NA对PAEC的［³H］TdR参入无明显影响，SIN-1则浓度依赖性地抑制PAEC的［³H］TdR参入. 流式细胞分析表明，无氧使进入S期和G₂/M期的细胞分别增加22%和144%，而进入G₀/G₁期的细胞降低49%(P<0.01)；SIN-1(0.5 mmol·L^-1)具有与低氧相似的作用，使进入S期和G₂/M期的细胞分别增加42%和104%，而进入G₀/G₁期的细胞减少41%(P<0.01). 无氧加入SIN-1后使S期细胞增加更为显著. 结果说明低氧和外源性NO均抑制PAEC的增殖，其抑制作用环节可能是阻止G₂/M期细胞向G₀/G₁期过渡.     

槲皮素对HL-60细胞周期的影响

本文报道了槲皮素对人早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60细胞的增殖和细胞周期的影响. 结果表明槲皮素能抑制HL-60细胞的增殖， 呈剂量依赖关系， 当槲皮素作用24， 48， 72 h后， 其IC₅₀分别为 46.6, 28.7, 14.9 μmol·L^-1流式细胞仪分析表明，槲皮素能明显增加HL-60的G₂-M期细胞，而相对减少G₀/G₁细胞之百分比，且呈剂量依赖关系，当去除槲皮素时，该作用是可逆的. 结果表明槲皮素对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用可能与其对细胞周期的影响有关.     

杠柳毒苷体外抑制肝癌细胞和乳腺癌细胞增殖的实验研究

目的 探讨杠柳毒苷在体外对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的影响。方法 MTT法观察杠柳毒苷对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术观察杠柳毒苷对两种肿瘤细胞的细胞增殖周期作用。结果 与对照组比较,杠柳毒苷能明显抑制两种肿瘤细胞的增殖,其抑制率与药物浓度和作用时间呈正相关。流式细胞仪检测发现,杠柳毒苷对乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞持续作用24 h后,可以使G₀/G₁期细胞增多,G₂/M期细胞减少。结论 杠柳毒苷具有抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的作用,并可将乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞的细胞生长周期阻滞在G₀/G₁期。     

仿刺参糖胺聚糖对骨髓抑制贫血小鼠外周血及骨髓细胞周期的影响△

目的：观察仿刺参糖胺聚糖(HGAG)对环磷酰胺诱导的骨髓抑制贫血小鼠外周血及骨髓细胞周期的影响。方法：将40只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、HGAG治疗组(1,5,15mg.kg_-1),每组8只。除正常组外其余各组腹腔注射环磷酰胺100mg.kg_-1制备贫血小鼠模型,每天1次连续3天,并于造模当日起,HGAG给药组腹腔注射不同浓度的HGAG,正常组和模型组腹腔注射生理盐水,每天1次连续7天。用全自动血细胞分析仪、白细胞计数法、流式细胞术分别检测HGAG对贫血小鼠外周血、骨髓有核细胞数和骨髓细胞周期的影响。结果：HGAG低、中、高剂量组能显著升高外周血WBC和HGB,且高剂量组还能明显升高外周血RBC和PLT。HGAG三个剂量组能显著增加小鼠骨髓有核细胞数和脾脏指数,而且能够促进骨髓G₀/G₁期细胞向S期及S期细胞向G₂/M期细胞的转化,显著升高增殖指数。结论：HGAG能够解除细胞周期阻滞,促进骨髓造血细胞的增殖,增加外周血细胞、骨髓有核细胞的数量和升高脾脏指数,从而促进骨髓抑制贫血小鼠造血功能的恢复     

扶正抑瘤方含药血清对PC-3细胞作用的实验研究

目的：通过体外细胞实验,探讨扶正抑瘤方有效治疗前列腺癌的作用机理。方法：以人前列腺癌PC-3细胞为模型,观察扶正抑瘤方高、中、低剂量（9.58、19.17、38.33 g/kg）及不同浓度含药血清对PC-3细胞形态、细胞增殖、细胞周期及细胞凋亡的影响。结果：扶正抑瘤方含药血清处理后,PC-3细胞可发现不同程度的细胞皱缩,染色质凝集,或细胞核固缩碎裂;MTT实验表明含药血清能明显抑制PC-3细胞增殖,且剂量越高细胞增殖抑制率越高,20%高剂量含药血清组抑制率约50%;流式细胞仪检测发现,含药血清组处理后48 h,各组在非凋亡细胞二倍体峰（G1）之前均出现大小不等的凋亡细胞峰,凋亡率均显著高于空白血清组,而且G0/G1期细胞比例增加,S期及G2/M期细胞比例下降。结论：扶正抑瘤方含药血清能抑制PC-3细胞增殖,且呈剂量、浓度依赖性,其抗肿瘤活性可能与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。     

黄芪抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖及其作用机制

目的　观察黄芪(AS)对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖的抑制作用,了解黄芪是否通过刺激VSMC产生一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO) ,使细胞周期停滞于G₀/G₁期,从而抑制平滑肌细胞增殖。方法　[³H] 胸腺嘧啶核苷酸([³H] TdR)掺入测定VSMCDNA合成,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期情况,硝酸还原酶法测定细胞培养上清中NO水平。结果　黄芪以剂量依赖关系抑制血清诱导的VSMC[³H] 胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入,使G₀/G₁期细胞比例明显增多,S期细胞比例显著减少,黄芪刺激VSMC后,细胞培养上清中NO水平呈剂量依赖上升。结论　黄芪能抑制VSMC增殖,使细胞周期停滞于G₀/G₁期,这一过程可能与黄芪刺激VSMC产生NO有关     

菟丝子黄酮对雷公藤多苷片致生精细胞周期阻滞、凋亡及相关蛋白表达降低的影响

目的 研究菟丝子黄酮对雷公藤多苷片致大鼠睾丸生精细胞周期阻滞、凋亡及相关蛋白表达降低的影响。方法 SD雄性大鼠随机分为5组：对照组,雷公藤多苷片高、低剂量（12、9 mg/kg）组,雷公藤多苷片高、低剂量（12、9 mg/kg）+菟丝子黄酮（生药100 mg/kg）组,每组6只。每天ig给药1次,连续给药7 d,对照组大鼠ig给予等体积0.5% CMC-Na溶液;腹主动脉采血,制备含药血清。通过体外培养大鼠睾丸生精细胞,给予含药血清干预24 h,采用流式细胞仪检测生精细胞周期及凋亡率;采用Western blotting技术检测生精细胞中SCF/c-kit、C-myc和CREM蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,雷公藤多苷片高剂量组使G₀/G₁期生精细胞百分率显著降低、S期细胞百分率显著升高（P < 0.01）,低、高剂量组均可显著升高生精细胞凋亡率（P < 0.01）;与等剂量雷公藤多苷片单给药组比较,配伍菟丝子黄酮后,显著降低S期细胞百分率、生精细胞凋亡率（P < 0.01）。雷公藤多苷片低、高剂量组均使生精细胞中SCF/c-kit、C-myc和CREM蛋白表达显著降低（P < 0.01）;配伍菟丝子黄酮后显著增加蛋白表达量（P < 0.01）。结论 通过合理配伍菟丝子黄酮可显著改善雷公藤多苷片对生精细胞的损伤作用。     

1-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基)丙烷盐酸盐对内皮素促血管平滑肌细胞增殖及癌基因表达的影响

采用内皮素-1(ET-1 0.1 μmol·L^-1)建立培养的血管平滑肌细胞增殖模型，用［³H］胸腺嘧啶核苷(［³H］TdR)参入法, 流式细胞术, 免疫细胞化学及Northern blot方法, 观察了1-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基)丙烷盐酸盐(DDPH 0.1 μmol·L^-1)对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的作用及对原癌基因及抑癌基因的影响. 结果发现: DDPH能逆转ET-1所致［³H］TdR参入量增多, 阻止血管平滑肌细胞由静止期 (G₀/G₁期)进入DNA合成期(S期)和有丝分裂期(G₂/M期), 并能逆转ET-1引起的c-fos, c-myc, c-sis原癌基因相关抗原及 mRNA表达增强, P53抑癌基因相关抗原及mRNA表达减弱. 提示DDPH能抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖, 与癌基因调控的分子生物学机理有关.     

叶酸抑制同型半胱氨酸诱导大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的研究

目的探讨叶酸抑制同型半胱氨酸致大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的研究。方法培养大鼠胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC),流式细胞仪检测VSMC周期,[³H]TdR参入测定VSMC的DNA合成。结果同型半胱氨酸以剂量依赖关系使VSMC周期中的G₀/G₁期细胞比例明显减少,S期细胞比例显著增多,增加VSMC的[³H]TdR参入。叶酸可明显抑制同型半胱氨酸诱导的作用。结论同型半胱氨酸能诱导VSMC增殖,叶酸能抑制同型半胱氨酸诱导的VSMC增殖。     

Cadmium induces cell cycle arrest in rat kidney epithelial cells in G2/M phase

Cadmium (Cd) has been reported to cause cell cycle arrest in various cell types by p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate cell cycle progression in kidney cells that are the target of chronic Cd toxicity. Rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, NRK-52E, were treated with up to 20 microM CdCl2 in DMEM containing 10% calf serum for up to 24 h. Flow cytometric analysis revealed time- and concentration-dependent increases in cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. As compared to the control cells, the cells exposed to 20 microM Cd showed a doubling of the number of cells in this phase after 24 h. The cell cycle arrest was associated with a decrease in protein levels of both cyclins A and B. Further investigation into the mechanism revealed that Cd treatment led to down-modulation of cyclin-dependent kinases, Cdk1 and Cdk2, apparently by elevating the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors, KIP1/p27 and WAF1/p21. Furthermore, the wild-type p53 DNA-binding activity was up-regulated. Based on these observations, it appears that Cd causes G2/M phase arrest in NRK-52E cells via elevation of p53 activity, increasing the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors p27 and p21, and decreasing the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk1 and 2, and of cyclins A and B.     

Protection by the Chinese prescription Wen-Pi-Tang against renal tubular LLC-PK1 cell damage induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine

We investigated the effects of Wen-Pi-Tang extract on the protective mechanisms of renal tubular LLC-PK1 cells, as renal tubular cells are the most vulnerable renal tissue to oxidative stress. Exposure to 800 microM 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) resulted in a marked increase in cellular peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which converted nonfluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123 to fluorescent rhodamine 123, a detectable probe for the long-lived ONOO-. In addition, it resulted in apoptotic cell death, assessed by a DNA fragmentation assay. However, treatment with Wen-Pi-Tang extract, at concentrations of 50 and 100 microg mL(-1) together with SIN-1 protected renal tubular cells against ONOO- through scavenging ONOO- and inhibiting apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment with Wen-Pi-Tang extract both before and after exposure to SIN-1 was also protective: it reduced cellular ONOO- levels, increased cell viability and decreased the DNA fragmentation rate. These results suggest that Wen-Pi-Tang would have protective activity against ONOO- -induced renal tubular injury through the inhibition of ONOO- production and apoptotic cell death by both preventing and treating renal injury. Furthermore, morphological characteristics of apoptosis were observed in SIN-1 treated tubular cells, while the addition of Wen-Pi-Tang extract with SIN-1 attenuated these morphological changes. ONOO- generated by SIN-1 also disturbed the cell cycle by decreasing the cellular G2/M phase ratio, while Wen-Pi-Tang extract regulated the cell cycle by G2/M phase arrest.     

线粒体动力学蛋白异常表达参与阿德福韦酯致大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的损伤

目的：探讨线粒体动力学相关蛋白drp1和mfn1对阿德福韦酯引起的大鼠肾小管上皮细胞损伤的机制。方法：根据阿德福韦酯给药剂量差异,对大鼠随机分为对照组和低、中、高剂量组;对照组给予生理盐水,其余3组分别给予0.2、0.4、0.8 mg·kg-1·d-1阿德福韦酯灌胃。给药60 d后取出大鼠肾脏,常规石蜡包埋,切片,HE染色观察肾小管上皮的形态学改变;免疫组化检测肾小管上皮中drp1和mfn1蛋白的表达。结果：阿德福韦酯干预的可见嗜酸性凝固坏死物和空泡样变性,近曲小管上皮细胞游离面的刷状缘结构不清,上皮细胞排列较紊乱。在drp1及mfn1的免疫组化中,高、中剂量组与对照组之间蛋白表达的平均光密度值差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：线粒体动力学蛋白drp1/mfn1可能介导了阿德福韦酯对人肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2）的损伤。     

复元胶囊对硝普钠诱导的软骨细胞凋亡与细胞周期作用的实验研究

目的:研究复元胶囊含药血清对硝普钠(SNP)诱导的软骨细胞凋亡与细胞周期的作用。方法:雄性3周龄SD大鼠,用于分离培养软骨细胞;雄性成年SD大鼠,用于制备含药血清。将第2代的软骨细胞进行分组实验。透射电镜观察软骨细胞凋亡的超微结构,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期百分率及细胞凋亡率,硝酸还原酶法检测培养液中NO含量。结果:复元胶囊含药血清可使SNP诱导的软骨细胞处于G0/G1期的百分比减少,S期及G2/M期的百分比增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);可使细胞凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),培养上清中NO含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:复元胶囊含药血清能显著降低SNP诱导的软骨细胞凋亡率,促进细胞增殖,并降低培养液中NO的含量,这可能是复元胶囊防治骨性关节炎的作用机制之一。     

Apoptotic cell death induced by actinomycin D arisen at different levels and cell cycle stages according to human cultured cell species

Nine kinds of human cultured cells, including fetus cells (smooth chorion trophoblast cells, amnion epithelial cells and HE-21), adult non-carcinoma cells (HCF), and carcinoma cells (KATO-III, COLO 201, Lu-134-AH, SK-OV-3 and SKG-3a) were stimulated with Actinomycin (Act.) D for 24 h. Apoptosis induction was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis for DNA fragmentation analysis and by flow cytometric analysis of stained cells using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling TUNEL) staining techniques for the quantification of apoptosis, and simultaneously using propidium iodide for the gain of some information about cell cycle. By agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA fragmentation of these cells except amnion epithelial and SKG-3a cells was detected, depending on concentration of Act. D. Using flow cytometric analysis, these cells were separated into four groups according to the information about cell cycle. Group 1 included amnion epithelial and SKG-3a cells, which were TUNEL negative. In group 2, all cell populations at G0/G1 and G2/M phases of HCC, KATO-III and SK-OV-3 were TUNEL staining positive. A portion of each G0/G1 or G2/M phase cell of Lu-134-AH and COLO 201 in group 3 was TUNEL stain positive. In group 4, G2/M phase cells of smooth chorion trophoblast cells and HE-21 were mostly stained and a small population of G0/G1 phase cells were also TUNEL stain positive. These results show that the stages of the cell cycle at which apoptosis was arisen by Act. D stimulation were significantly different depending on the cells types.     

Citrinin mycotoxicosis in the rabbit

In three trials, single or multiple doses of citrinin dissolved in 0.5 N-NaOH and adjusted to neutral pH with HCl were given to rabbits by either the oral or intraperitoneal route. The 72-hr LD50 was 50 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal administration and 134 mg/kg by the oral route. The primary clinical sign in rabbits receiving a single oral dose of 125-150 mg citrinin/kg was fluid diarrhoea commencing 8 hr after dosing. Pathological alterations were generally confined to the kidney and consisted of degeneration and necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and straight segments. In rabbits given a single oral dose of citrinin (130 mg/kg) the earliest histopathological change, seen 8 hr after dosing, was cytoplasmic vacuolation of tubular epithelial cells. Rabbits given a single oral dose of 120 mg citrinin/kg had regeneration of renal tubular epithelium accompanied by slight tubular cell necrosis when examined 7 days after dosing. Rabbits given multiple sublethal doses of citrinin (33.5 or 77 mg/kg daily for 7 days) had renal alterations of mild tubular degeneration and necrosis, and tubular regeneration.     

Long-term toxicity study of amaranth in rats using animals exposed in utero

Groups of 90 (control) and 54 (treated) rats of each sex were given amaranth in their diet to provide daily intakes of 0 (control), 50, 250 or 1250 mg/kg for 111 wk (male) and 112 wk (female) after weaning. The rats had also been exposed to the same dose levels in utero, and their parents were exposed for 60 days before mating. The colouring had no adverse effects on fertility, haematological parameters, serum chemistry or incidence of tumours. All treated animals showed contamination of the fur and red colouring of the faeces and at the high dose only the faecal pellets were poorly formed. Rats in the high-dose group produced more pups, and the average pup weight was lower than that of the controls. Rats of the F₁ generation given the highest dose level were slightly lighter than the controls despite a small increase in food and water intake. Both sexes given the highest dose level and males given 250 mg/kg/day had increased caecal weight. High-dose females excreted more protein in the urine after 18 months and on histopathological examination females in all treated groups showed an increased incidence of renal calcification and pelvic epithelial hyperplasia with degenerative changes. It is concluded that amaranth fed to rats at dose levels of up to 1250 mg/kg/day in the diet did not have any carcinogenic effect. However, because of the effect on the kidneys of the females it was not possible to establish a no-untoward-effect level in this study.     

Inhibition of cell cycle progression through specific phase by pancratistatin derivatives

Pancratistatin derivatives, 1-O-(3-hydroxybutyryl)pancratistatin (HBP) and 1-O-(3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylbutyryl)pancratistatin (GBP), showed strong cytostatic activity against rat embryo fibroblast 3Y1 at concentrations less than 1 microM. When the effect on cell cycle progression was examined in 3Y1 fibroblasts arrested at G0/G1 phase by serum deprivation, HBP, GBP, and pancratistatin inhibited the progression of 3Y1 fibroblasts from G0/G1 to S phase. In addition, when the effect on cell cycle progression was studied in 3Y1 fibroblasts synchronized at late G1/early S phases by treating with hydroxyurea, HBP blocked further progression through S phase, while GBP and pancratistatin did not affect the progression, but retarded it. On the other hand, when the effect of HBP and GBP on the progression was evaluated in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60RG cells synchronized at G0/G1 phase, the cells did not progress into S phase and accumulated in sub G0/G1 phase, which indicated apoptotic cells. These findings suggest that of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, HBP blocks the progression of cell cycle at least at G0/G1 and S phases and GBP does at least at G0/G1 phase, resulting in apoptosis induction in tumor cells.