Smoking expectancies as mediators between dietary restraint and disinhibition and smoking in college women

Women's beliefs about the appetite and weight control properties of cigarette smoking, dietary restraint and disinhibition, and smoking status were examined. As hypothesized, dietary restraint and disinhibition predicted appetite and weight control expectancies and smoking rate, such that women higher in dietary restraint and disinhibition reported stronger beliefs in the appetite and weight control properties of cigarettes and were more likely to be smoking than those lower in dietary restraint and disinhibition. Consistent with previous research, smoking expectancies for appetite and weight control predicted smoking status and smoking rate. Smoking expectancies for appetite and weight control were found to mediate the relationship between dietary restraint and smoking, and between disinhibition and smoking. This relationship between smoking and dietary constructs should be considered in smoking cessation and dietary interventions with young women.     

Determination of binary mixtures of analgesic and spasmolytic drugs in pure and dosage forms by derivative spectrophotometry

Binary mixtures of dipyrone and pitophenone hydrochloride are assayed by zero-crossing second- and third-derivative spectrophotometry and by ratio-spectra first- and second-derivative spectrophotometry. In the first method, calibration plots are linear at 266.5 and 302.5 nm (dipyrone, second derivative), and 257 and 286 nm (pitophenone second derivative) and 242 and 278.3 nm (dipyrone third derivative), and 228.5 and 300 nm (pitophenone, third-derivative). By the second method, lines of regression are linear at 235 and 262 nm (dipyrone, first derivative), and 229.5 and 288.5 nm (pitophenone, first-derivative), and 249.7 and 268 nm (dipyrone, second derivative), and 280.5 and 300 nm (pitophenone, second-derivative). In all methods calibration curves follow the Beer's law up to 40 microg/ml of each drug. LOD and LOQ values were calculated. The developed derivative spectrophotometric methods were applied to laboratory mixtures and to vials for these drugs. The procedures are simple, rapid, and did not require any preliminary separation or treatment of the samples.     

PK-PD modeling of protein drugs: implications in assay development

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling is an integral part of the preclinical and clinical development of protein drugs. Bioanalytical data from appropriately selected and well-characterized PK and PD biomarker assays can be incorporated into mechanistic PK-PD models and allow a quantitative relationship between protein drug exposure, target modulation, and biochemical, physiological and pathophysiological effects to be established. The selection of PD biomarkers that assess target engagement and modulation in the extracellular milieu and downstream cellular effects can provide proof-of-mechanism and define the magnitude and duration of target modulation following drug administration. The PK-PD data can provide an important link between magnitude of target modulation and clinical efficacy and safety outcomes, and guide the selection of doses and dosing schedules for clinical trials. In this article, approaches to the selection and development of fit-for-purpose, PK and PD assays for protein drugs are reviewed, and the applications of the assay results in PK-PD models are discussed.     

食管癌bax和bcl-2蛋白的定性和定量研究

目的：探讨bax和bcl-2蛋白表达在食管癌发生和发展中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化，流式细胞术和细胞免疫荧光技术对70例食管鳞癌组织bax和bcl-2蛋白进行定性和定量检测。结果：免疫组化研究示bax 蛋白阳性表达32例，bcl-2蛋白阳性表达43例，bax和bcl-2蛋白表达与肿瘤病理分级和淋巴结转移密切相关（P＜0．05），但与临床分期之间差异无显著意义（P＞0．05），流式细胞定量研究示bax蛋白阳性表达39例,bcl-2蛋白阳性表达65例，bax和bcl-2蛋白表达率和表达量与肿瘤病理分级，分期和淋巴结转移无明显相关（P＞0．05），结论：bax和bcl-2蛋白的异常表达在食管癌发生和发展中起重要作用。     

Comparative study of the antiarrhythmic activity of L-, D-and DL-stereoisomers of potassium magnesium aspartate

Injection forms of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) aspartate (Asp) were compared in preventing cardiac disorders caused by electrolytic disturbances, primarily low K and Mg levels (e.g. caused by the treatment with cardiac glycosides and diuretic drugs). Widely used K- and Mg-Asp preparations (asparkam, panangin, pamaton) are synthesized from aspartic acid representing a racemic mixture of L- and D-stereoisomers. Differences in metabolism and utilization of D- and L-amino acids probably influence the pharmacological properties of K and Mg L- and D-aspartates. Moreover, the pharmacologically effective doses of Mg and K salts can induce toxicity, which depends on the nature of anions. The aim of this study was to compare of antiarrhythmic action of K and Mg L-, D-, and DL-Asp stereoisomers using calcium chloride (CaCl2) and aconitine induced arrhythmia models in rats and strophanthin-K induced arrhythmia model in guinea pigs. It was found that intravenously administered K- and Mg-L-Asp exhibited higher activity compared to K- and Mg-D- and DL-Asp on the strophanthin-K, CaCl2, and aconitine induced arrhythmia models. Indeed, K- and Mg-L-Asp more effectively decreased the incidence of arrhythmias, increased the time to onset of the first arrhythmia, decreased percentage loss of rats, and increased the survival life of animals after the first arrhythmia onset in rats with arrhythmias induced by strophanthin-K and CaCl2 as compared to K and Mg-D- and DL-Asp. At the same time K- and Mg-L-Asp was better than D- and DL-Asp with respect to acute toxicity (LD50), effective dose (ED50) and antiarrhythmic (therapeutic) ratio (LD50/ED50) in rats with aconitine-induced arrhythmia model.     

A role for atorvastatin and insulin combination in protecting from liver injury in a model of type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major complication linked with the metabolic syndrome associated with dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Impact of type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia in NAFLD has to be established, as well as the utility of commonly prescribed anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering agents in improving liver injury markers. Genetic type 2 diabetic Goto–Kakizaki rats were fed with a high-fat diet to test hepatic effects of type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia and the effect of atorvastatin and insulin, individually and in combination, in systemic and hepatic inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. High-fat diet aggravated fasting glycemia, systemic and liver lipids, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Individual treatments improved glycemic and lipid profiles, but failed to improve inflammatory markers, whereas insulin was able to reduce liver oxidative stress parameters. Combination of insulin and atorvastatin further improved glycemic and lipid profiles and decreased circulating C-reactive protein levels and liver inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Insulin and atorvastatin combination leads to better glycaemic and lipid profiles and to better protection against liver inflammation and oxidative stress, giving a superior level of liver protection in type 2 diabetic with hyperlipidemia.     

A dual diagnosis demonstration project: treatment outcomes and cost analysis

This article presents findings from an outpatient dual diagnosis demonstration project that investigated whether integrated treatment services for severely and persistently ill patients with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders could result in improved outcomes and reduction of criminal justice and health care costs. Integrated treatment was defined as a simultaneous focus on both disorders through the provision of psychosocial rehabilitation, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic treatment, and substance abuse recovery and relapse prevention by cross-trained staff. One hundred twenty six (126) patients with multiple DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders were assessed on a variety of mental health, substance abuse, and quality of life measures at baseline and at six-month intervals up to three years post entry into treatment. Criminal justice and health care costs obtained from state and local databases were compared two years before and two years after initiation of treatment to determine cost differences. The study found statistically significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms, substance abuse, and quality of life outcomes. There were also decreases in criminal justice and acute and sub-acute mental health and alcohol and other drug (AOD) costs and increases in outpatient mental health and physical health care costs.     

甘氨酸对烧伤大鼠失控炎症反应的调控作用及机制研究探讨

目的 探讨对于烧伤大鼠采用甘氨酸调控过度炎症反应的作用及其相关机制.方法 本次研究主要是通过对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内游离钙离子浓度影响的分析来确定甘氨酸对烧伤大鼠失控炎症反应的调控作用.结果 3、6、12、24 h,烧伤合并脓毒症组血浆LPS水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).3h,烧伤合并脓毒症组血浆TNF-α水平与单纯烧伤组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);6、12h,烧伤合并脓毒症组TNF-α水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05);24h,烧伤合并脓毒症、谷氨酰胺治疗组TNF-α水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).:3h,4组大鼠血浆IL-10水平整体比较,差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);6h,烧伤合并脓毒症、甘氨酸治疗组血浆IL-10水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);12、24 h,烧伤合并脓毒症、甘氨酸治疗组血浆IL-10水平与烧伤合并脓毒症、谷氨酰胺治疗组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).结论 Gln及Gly在临床上具有抗炎及抗脓毒症作用,能够在一定程度上降低烧伤后脓毒症大鼠血浆LPS水平以及抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α分泌,并促进抗炎因子IL-10分泌.     

国际药品监管科学发展概况

食品药品监管科学是近十几年发展形成的前沿学科,受到世界科学界和管理界的重视。食品药品监管科学不仅研究制定医药创新产品的监管政策、监管法规构建方法、产品创新技术策略以及各类创新产品的标准等,而且研发评估医药创新产品安全性、有效性、质量及性能和制定科学监管法规具有重要意义,特别在医药产品开发和评价和产品研发、生产、流通监管中具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。分析回顾了国际食品药品监管科学的发展概况,介绍国际药品监管和监管科学发展的情况,希望对该新兴学科发展研究者和管理者获益。     

结、直肠癌中PRL-3、RhoC的表达及与浸润转移的关系

目的:探讨肝再生磷酸酶-3(PRL-3)与RhoC的表达与结、直肠癌浸润转移的关系及其相关性。方法:采用免疫组化法检测48例结、直肠癌组织中PRL-3和RhoC的表达情况,结合临床病理学资料,分析其与结直肠癌浸润转移的关系及其相关性。结果:结、直肠癌中RhoC、PRL-3蛋白阳性表达率分别为64.58%(31/48)和68.75%(33/48),二者的表达与结、直肠癌的浸润深度、临床分期和有无淋巴结转移相关,而与病人的年龄、性别、肿瘤细胞分化程度无相关性。在结、直肠癌中PRL-3、RhoC蛋白的表达具有密切相关性。结论:结、直肠癌中PRL-3、RhoC蛋白的表达与其浸润转移密切相关,联合检测这两个指标对了解结、直肠癌的生物学行为和判断预后具有一定的价值。     

关于抗肿瘤药物的研究——Ⅳ.N-甲酰溶肉瘤素与溶肉瘤素的效价比较

对药物的评价不仅决定于治疗剂量的大小,还取决于药物治疗剂量与中毒剂量差距的大小(即治疗指数及安全限).我们在寻找抗肿瘤新药的研究中,发现N-甲酸溶肉瘤素(以下简称N-甲)有明显的抗肿瘤作用.从化学结构看来,N-甲与溶肉瘤素非常相似,但临床观察表明,N-甲对溶肉瘤素不敏感的淋巴肉瘤、何杰金氏病却有明显疗效.因此,我们对N-甲及溶肉瘤素在三种动物肿瘤作用的效价进行了比较.本文即研究初步结果的简报.材料及方法药物系由我所药物化学系合成室供给.N-甲批号是6103,熔点为148-151℃,实验前将药物混悬于2％淀粉糊中.溶肉瘤素批号是S615,熔点为178-181℃,实验前将药物用70-80℃蒸馏水溶解,现用现配.     

80例脊柱创伤病的临床分析

目的：探讨脊柱创伤病的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2010年11月-2013年11月本院收治的80例脊柱创伤病患者,在行X线、CT及MRI检查,全面了解患者术前脊柱受损情况后,对患者行椎弓根植骨术进行治疗,比较患者术前以及术后一个月后的伤椎椎体前后缘压缩率、Cobb角,并观察神经功能、脊柱活动度等的恢复情况。结果相比于术前,手术一个月后的椎体前缘、后缘的压缩率以及Cobb角均显著降低;并且患者伤椎的脊髓神经功能恢复效果良好。结论术前对患者行CT、MRI联合诊断,并采用椎弓根植骨术以及钉棒固定术,这对于治疗脊柱创伤病具有较好的临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

老年全膝关节置换术后中医辨证分型及规范化的初步研究

目的观察老年全膝关节置换术后中医辨证分型及规范化情况。方法80例老年全膝关节置换术后患者,分析术前、术后中医辨证分型情况并进行比较。结果术前占比较高者为气滞血瘀证41.25%、气虚血瘀证18.75%,而术后占比较高者为气虚血瘀证36.25%、肾虚血瘀证18.75%,术前与术后中医证型分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年全膝关节置换术后,术前占比较高者为气滞血瘀证、气虚血瘀证,而术后占比较高者为气虚血瘀证、肾虚血瘀证,可见对于此类患者而言,早期证候以瘀为主,逐渐演变为虚与瘀症。     

不同气质类型官兵实弹训练期间心理状态特点

目的探讨军事应激条件下,官兵气质类型与实弹训练前后心理状况之间的关系。方法对参加实弹训练的装甲某部官兵119名,在训练前、训练后采用艾森克简式个性问卷(EPQ—RSC)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定,并对评定结果进行统计分析。结果SCL-90测试结果显示:在平时和实弹训练期间,属于胆汁质和抑郁质类型的官兵与属于多血质和黏液质官兵的得分存在显著差异;对实弹训练期间和平时的SCL-90结果进行配对t检验,结果发现胆汁质官兵的躯体化和焦虑因子均分较平时有所增高(P< 0．05),多血质官兵的躯体化和恐怖因子均分有所上升(P<0．05)。而黏液质和抑郁质官兵实弹训练前后的SCL-90结果并无明显差异(P>0．05)。结论在平时和实弹训练条件下,不同气质类型装甲某部官兵的心理状况有较大差异。     

General toxicity study of gadobenate dimeglumine formulation (E7155) (1)--single dose intravenous and intracisternal toxicity study in rats

Gadobenate dimeglumine formulation (E7155) was evaluated for its general toxicity potential following a single intravenous and intracisternal administration to rats. Dosage levels tested were 3.3, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.0 mmol/kg at the injection rate of 6 ml/min and 7.50, 8.89, 10.54 and 12.50 mmol/kg at 1 ml/min for the intravenous administration route, and 0.15, 0.21, 0.29 and 0.40 mmol/kg for the intracisternal administration route. Parameters measured during the 14-day observation period were mortality, clinical signs and macroscopic examination. After intravenous administration at the injection rate of 6 ml/min, twitches, respiratory blocking and prostration were observed at 6.0 mmol/kg, and dyspnoea and sedation at 3.3 and 4.5 mmol/kg. Deaths occurred within 1 min after administration at 6.0 mmol/kg and above. LD50 values were 7.97 mmol/kg in males and 6.22 mmol/kg in females. After intravenous administration at the injection rate of 1 ml/min, shallow breathing, twitches and sedation were observed at 7.50 mmol/kg and above and respiratory arrest at 8.89 mmol/kg. Deaths occurred within 1 min after administration at 8.89 mmol/kg and above. LD50 values were 9.0 mmol/kg in males and 9.7 mmol/kg in females. After intracisternal administration, symptoms consisted of sedation, staggering gait, dyspnoea, twitches and ataxia at 0.15 mmol/kg and above, prostration, paralysis of forelimbs, and/or hind limbs and chromodacryorrhea at 0.21 mmol/kg, and convulsions at 0.29 mmol/kg and above. Deaths occurred within 7 days after administration at 0.21 mmol/kg and within 5 min at 0.29 mmol/kg and above. LD50 values were 0.42 mmol/kg in males and 0.25 mmol/kg in females.     

Association of Suicide Attempts and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behaviors With Substance Use and Family Characteristics Among Children and Adolescents Seeking Treatment for Substance Use Disorder

Background: Numerous studies in youth and adults suggest strong association between substance use disorders and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors. There is paucity of studies exploring the association of substance use with history of suicide attempts (HSA) and NSSI in children and adolescents in Turkey. Objective: We aimed to examine the prevalence of NSSI and HSA and their relationship with substance use and family characteristics among youth seeking treatment for substance use in Turkey. Method: Participants were children and adolescents who were admitted to the Bakirkoy Trainee and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurologic Disorders in Istanbul between January 2011 and December 2013. Two thousand five hundred eighteen participants were included. Questionnaires were applied to all patients. The association of NSSI and HSA with substance use, family characteristics, and subject characteristics were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of NSSI and HSA behaviors among substance using youth in our sample were 52% and 21% respectively. Cannabis and cocaine use was found to be a significant risk factor for HSA, and polysubstance use was associated with both NSSI and HSA. Parental separation/divorce, parental mental disorders, alcohol and drug use, and crime were the risk factors for HSA. A positive history of physical and sexual abuse increased the risk of HAS, and a history of neglect increased the risk of NSSI. Conclusions/importance: We suggest that results showing relationship between substance use and associated social features with NSSI and HSA may contribute to elaborating effective and targeted preventive and intervention programs for these high-risk youth groups in Turkey.     

人子宫内膜细胞的纯化、培养方法的改进及细胞保存

目的探讨不同月经周期的人子宫内膜细胞的纯化、培养方法的改进及细胞保存方法。方法将16例人正常子宫内膜组织(其中增生期和分泌期各8例)采用0.1%胶原酶消化及二次消化,100目及400目滤网分离,腺上皮细胞根据不同月经周期差时贴壁法提纯等方法进行分离、纯化,采用0.4μm孔径的共培小室与间质上皮细胞共培养。光镜观察细胞形态,免疫荧光细胞染色鉴定细胞纯度。P1代间质上皮细胞冻存3个月后复苏。结果 15例分离、培养成功。间质细胞及腺上皮细胞纯度均可达95%以上。共培养推迟了腺上皮细胞自发凋亡时间,间质细胞在体外可稳定传代且冻存复苏不影响其活力及纯度。结论采用胶原酶二次消化法和不同的时间段选择性贴壁法可高效率、高纯度的分离出子宫内膜腺上皮细胞及间质细胞,间质上皮细胞可进行冻存复苏。     

我国特殊医学用途配方食品GMP与药品GMP的比较

目的：对特殊医学用途配方食品企业良好生产规范和药品生产质量管理规范进行比较研究。方法：对两种生产规范从编写思路、厂房及设施、质量控制和质量管理、人员及管理制度、记录与文件管理、原料和包装材料等方面的异同进行比较。结果与结论：通过分析和比较,有利于医务人员、生产企业及相关从业人员了解特殊医学用途配方食品企业良好生产规范及相关配套法规和标准完善的必要性,更好地了解特殊医学用途配方食品和药品的生产要求,更好地区分二者的异同,避免混淆。     

桃源县2009～2010年非结核病防治机构网络直报肺结核转诊与追踪情况

目的分析2009～2010年桃源县非结核病防治机构网络直报肺结核（疑似）患者的转诊追踪及到位情况,掌握结核病控制工作动态,为今后的防治工作提供参考。方法收集2009—2010年桃源县非结核病防治机构肺结核病网络直报相关资料,对（疑似）肺结核患者转诊、追踪工作及到位患者的诊断情况进行回顾性分析。结果2009～2010年桃源县非结核病防治机构网络直报肺结核患者642例,转诊到位503例,转诊到位率为78．35％,结核病防治机构追踪率为100．00％,追踪到位率为95．68％,总体到位率为99．07％。结论桃源县2009～2010年非结核病防治机构网报肺结核转诊与追踪情况良好。肺结核疫情报告、核查追踪是检出结核病的重要环节。不断改善追踪访视技巧、方法,开展健康教育,可以有效地提高非结核病防治机构网络直报肺结核患者的到位率、结核病防治机构的追踪到位率及患者的发现率,以控制结核病的传播。     

我国食品药品稽查机构管理模式研究

目的为我国食品药品稽查机构管理模式建设提供理论依据和决策参考。方法对我国食品药品稽查机构的机构设置、职能定位、人员管理等情况进行全面调查,深入分析存在的问题及其成因,提出与经济社会发展相适应的食品药品稽查机构管理模式的对策和建议。结果与结论应建立全国职能上下统一的食品药品稽查机构,科学配置食品药品稽查队伍。