鲎血源主要生物活性物质功能研究进展

鲎血阿米巴细胞大小颗粒中存在多种生物活性物质,在这些物质中,抗脂多糖因子,鲎素抗菌肽,鲎防御素和D因子等是鲎先天免疫系统中的重要功能物质,体外研究表明,它们对细菌、真菌、病毒等有强烈的抑制作用,而对正常细胞毒性较低,是开发肽类抗菌药的重要候选物质。本文主要介绍存在于阿米巴细胞中的鲎源抗菌物质,对其结构、功能、作用机理以及基因工程重组鲎素的研究进展进行综述,并对鲎源抗菌肽的发展趋势进行讨论。     

二硫键对鲎素结构与活性影响的研究△

鲎素抗菌肽是存在于鲎血淋巴颗粒细胞中的一族小分子多肽,具有广谱抗菌活性。近年来,多肽中的二硫键的功能逐渐成为研究热点。而鲎素是一类典型的含有二硫键的多肽。本文对鲎素中二硫键对其结构和活性的作用和影响做了综述。     

鲎源抗菌肽的制备及药用价值研究进展*

鲎源抗菌肽是一类来源于海洋珍贵的药源生物鲎血淋巴内的具有抗菌活性的多肽物质，在鲎天然免疫中起到至关重要的作用，它对外源病原菌的抗菌作用，降低了鲎自身的致病性，增强了鲎的天然免疫能力。鲎源抗菌肽与其他来源的抗菌肽相比有许多优势。现对鲎源抗菌肽的生物活性、分子结构、基因序列以及制备方法进行综述，并对其潜在药用价值进行了论述。     

鲎素激活FAS途径促使HL-60细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 鲎素是来源鲎血细胞的一种抗菌肽,它能抑制HL-60细胞生长,诱导细胞凋亡.但是鲎素诱导细胞凋亡的确切机制尚未清晰.本研究探讨鲎素是否可以促进Fas/FasL的表达,诱导HL-60细胞凋亡,揭示鲎素诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的可能机制.方法 Hoechst 33258和PI双荧光染色观察细胞调亡,流式细胞仪检测细胞调亡.Western blotting检测easpase-3,caspase-8活性变化,Fas,FasL,FADD表达变化.结果 鲎素处理HL-60细胞后,细胞调亡,caspase-3,caspase-8被激活,Fas,FasL,FADD表述时间依赖性上调.结论 鲎素诱导HL-60细胞凋亡可能与死亡受体介导的途径相关.     

中国鲎鲎素对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的抑制作用

应用从中国鲎血细胞中提取的鲎素处理人肝癌SMMC－7721细胞，研究海洋生物活性物质的抗肿瘤作用。实验结果显示，经3．0mg.L^-1鲎素处理的SMMC－7721细胞生长缓慢，细胞生长抑制率为55．57％，细胞发裂指数抑制率达43．68％；处理后的细胞性磷酸酶活性降低36．26％，γ－GT活性下降，TAT活性增强。结果表明，鲎素能有效地抑制肝癌细胞的增殖活动，具有与癌细胞诱导分化物相似的抗肿瘤效果。     

血活素注射液细菌内毒素检查法

目的:建立一种血活素注射液中细菌内毒素检查法。方法:鲎试剂检测原料、半成品、成品,灵敏度0.25EU·ml~(-1)。结果:鲎试剂法可用于血活素注射液检测。结论:此法简便、灵敏、准确。     

关于鲎试剂法测定血液保养液热原的方法

关于鲎试剂法测定血液保养液热原的方法山西省肿瘤医院（０３００１３）李桂香，蔡新民我们从１９８５年以来，采用鲎试剂法代替家兔致热实验对医院自制的１０％葡萄糖注射液、５％葡萄糖注射液、氯化钠注射液和注射用水等四种大输液的热原进行检测，取得满意效果。在此基础上又大胆开展了鲎试剂法对血液保养液热原的检测，经过反复试验，同样取得良好效果，为临床安全用药提供了可靠的保证，从而打破了卫生部暂时制定的鲎试剂只能检测上述四种大输液热原的格局。为鲎试剂检测热原开辟了又一条新的途径。现介绍如下：材料与方法一、材料：鲎试剂采用福建省药检所鲎试剂研究室生产的东方鲎试剂，批号：８５０５１５、８６０１１２、８６０９０６、８７０８２０，灵敏度为０．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ使用前用鲎试剂溶解水溶解。内毒素工作标准品：批号，８５００３、８６００４、８６００５、８７００８。使用前用１０倍稀释法稀释至０．２ｎｇ／ｍｌ作为阳性对照。鲎试剂溶解水，作为稀释鲎试剂和阳性对照组。血液保养液用本院制剂室生产的。仪器用电热恒温水浴锅型号为ＨＨＳ，江苏红旗医疗器械厂生产。洁净工作台用ＣＪ－１Ｂ，北京半导体设备一厂生产。二、操作方法：先稀释供检品，浓度与家兔法一致。按照药典     

鲎试剂的研究及应用进展

鲎试剂已广泛用于细菌内毒素的检验,本文介绍了鲎试剂的生产、分类,用于细菌内毒素检查的反应原理和检测方法、应用领域以及国内外鲎试剂生产和质量的现状和研究进展,并提出了我国鲎试剂应用中急需解决的问题。     

鲎试剂法用于脑复素注射液细菌内毒素检测条件探索

本文采用增强或抑制试验，对本厂生产的脑复素注射液进行了细菌内毒素检测考察。按照中华人民共和国药典“细菌内毒素检查法”操作，采用鲎试剂与细菌内毒素的凝集试验。根据三批样品实验结果表明，脑复素80倍稀释液对灵敏度为0．125Eu／ml的鲎试剂无增强或抑制作用，故本品适合用鲎试剂作内毒素检查。     

药用西林瓶细菌内毒素检查法的应用

目的：建立药用西林瓶细菌内毒素检查法。方法：用三个不同厂家生产的鲎试剂对药用西林瓶浸泡液进行干扰试验。结果：药用西林瓶浸泡液不干扰细菌内毒素试验。结论：药用西林瓶采用细菌内毒素法是可行的。     

EMA草药产品或传统草药产品质量指南的思考

介绍欧洲药品管理局（EMA）于2018年8月15日发布的"草药产品或传统草药产品质量指南（第3修订版草案）"主要内容。EMA的草药及其产品的情况与我国中药有相似之处，而我国目前尚未制定关于中药或中药材（饮片）的质量研究相关指导原则，该指南相关质量和稳定性研究的指导思路可为中药的质量研究提供参考。     

加强药用植物园建设提高实践教学水平

药用植物园是药学实践教学的重要场所,校内药用植物和中药识别的实训基地,在中药资源与开发本科专业建设及药用植物学、生药学等中药类专业课程的教学和科研中发挥了重要作用。该文介绍中国药科大学药用植物园依托江宁新校区的建设,在培养学生实践能力和创新精神,弘扬中医药文化等方面所做的工作,以期为医药等相关院校全面提高实践教学质量提供借鉴参考。     

Ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicine studies: some experiences from Asia

Ethnobotany, as a research field of science, has been widely used for the documentation of indigenous knowledge on the use of plants and for providing an inventory of useful plants from local flora in Asian countries. Plants that are used for traditional herbal medicine in different countries are an important part of these studies. However, in some countries in recent years, ethnobotanical studies have been used for the discovery of new drugs and new drug development. In general, experiences gained from ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicinal studies in China and Himalayan countries have helped drug production and new drug development. At the same time, in many cases, over-harvesting, degradation of medical plants, and loss of traditional medical knowledge in local communities are common problems in these resource areas. Issues of indigenous knowledge, intellectual property rights, and uncontrolled transboundary trade in medicinal plants occur frequently in the region. This paper discusses ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicinal studies, in reference to experiences from China and Himalayan countries, with an emphasis on the conservation of traditional medical knowledge and medical plant resources.     

国外仿制药参比制剂选择简介及对我国的启示

目的：为完善我国仿制药一致性评价中参比制剂选择机制和程序提供参考,为仿制药企业在应用选择参比制剂时提供思路。方法：详细介绍了美国FDA有关参比制剂选择指南草案的最新描述,以及欧盟、日本和WHO对于参比制剂的相关要求。结合我国现阶段仿制药一致性评价工作实际,为完善参比制剂选择程序提出建议。结果与结论：美国详细规定了仿制药参比制剂的选择思路和实际操作程序,为我国仿制药参比制剂的选择提供了新的思路。我国正处于仿制药一致性评价参比制剂遴选的关键时期,制定全面、完善的参比制剂遴选体系和机制,有助于规范参比制剂的选择程序,加快一致性评价工作进程,提升我国仿制药一致性评价参比制剂选择的科学性和完整性。     

败酱草与易混淆品种标准研究

摘要目的： 对败酱草及其混淆品的品种、基原和标准进行整理。方法: 对历版《中国药典》、全国各省市的地方药材标准及饮片炮制规范进行梳理，按照药材名称、植物来源、药用部位逐项分析。结果: 败酱草混淆品主要为苣荬菜（北败酱）和菥蓂（苏败酱），全国各地方标准中存在名称混淆、植物来源混乱和药用部位不一致等情况。结论:本文对收载败酱草及其混淆品的全国法定标准进行了整理、比较和分析，为败酱草的规范化生产、检验及正确使用提供依据。     

天然药物化学网络课程教学的实践

在使用网络平台辅助教学的实践基础上,分析传统教学模式的弊端,阐述了网络教学模式的特点,并结合网络教学平台对网络辅助教学模式作了进一步分析。     

Application of cell-free hemolymph of horseshoe crab in antimicrobial drug screening

Horseshoe crabs are an ancient invertebrate which possesses powerful innate immune defense against microbes. The simplicity, specificity and rapidity of its antimicrobial response have accorded the horseshoe crab as an excellent animal model from which immune responsive tissues may be procured for biomedical research. Such usefulness is exemplified by the extensive application for nearly four decades, of the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) for sensitive detection of endotoxin in the medical industry. Apart from the amebocytes, the cell-free hemolymph (CFH) of this arthropod offers a large repertoire of evolutionarily conserved proteins, which are highly sensitive to pathogens. This makes the hemolymph an ideal physiological microenvironment for simulating an in vitro infection. We therefore propose to employ the CFH as a quick and convenient tool for antimicrobial drug screening in vitro. This specific drug screening system also provides further optimization of drug design, and selection of drugs with antioxidant properties. Being an easily accessible natural resource, and allowing high-throughput screening with uniform and reliable data output, the horseshoe crab CFH provides a desirable physiological milieu for drug screening and development.     

欧盟草药临床安全性和有效性评估指导原则介绍

欧盟（European Union,EU）于2016年7月发布了《在欧盟草药专论编写中评估公认的和传统的草药产品临床安全性和有效性的指导原则（第一次修订版）》。其中最值得注意的是,草药产品申请注册时可用文献资料替代试验资料,并且可根据文献资料科学性不同,获准不同的适应证。介绍该指导原则的主要内容,期望对我国的中药和植物药研究及其监管有所帮助。     

Making medicine; producing pleasure: A critical examination of medicinal cannabis policy and law in Victoria,Australia

Several jurisdictions around the world have introduced policies and laws allowing for the legal use of cannabis for therapeutic purposes. However, there has been little critical discussion of how the object of ‘medicinal cannabis’ is enacted in policy and practice. Informed by Carol Bacchi’s poststructuralist approach to policy analysis and the work of science and technology studies scholars, this paper seeks to problematise the object of ‘medicinal cannabis’ and examine how it is constituted through governing practices. In particular, we consider how the making of the object of ‘medicinal cannabis’ might constrain or enact discourses of pleasure. As a case example, we take the Victorian Law Reform Commission’s review of law reform options to allow people in the Australian state of Victoria to be treated with medicinal cannabis. Through analysis of this case example, we find that although ‘medicinal cannabis’ is constituted as a thoroughly medical object, it is also constituted as unique. We argue that medicinal cannabis is enacted in part through the production of another object (so-called ‘recreational cannabis’) and the social and political meanings attached to both. Although both ‘substances’ are constituted as distinct, ‘medicinal cannabis’ relies on the ‘absent presence’ of ‘recreational cannabis’ to define and shape what it is. However, we find that contained within this rendering of ‘medicinal cannabis’ are complex enactments of health and wellbeing, which open up discourses of pleasure. ‘Medicinal cannabis’ appears to challenge the idea that the effects of ‘medicine’ cannot be understood in terms of pleasure. As such, the making of ‘medicinal cannabis’ as a medical object, and its invocation of broad notions of health and wellbeing, expand the ways in which drug effects can be acknowledged, including pleasurable and desirable effects, helping us to think differently about both medicine and other forms of drug use.     

求解“南药北治”现象

目的:探寻"南药北治"现象的成因。方法:结合传统中医药理论和现代科学研究进行分析。结果与结论:"南药北治"现象与我国南、北方人群的个体差异、南方药材的温热属性、饮食影响、心理作用等因素有关。