紫杉醇与奈达铂联合治疗43例晚期食管癌临床分析

目的:探讨紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌临床疗效.方法:选取83例晚期食管癌患者,其中紫杉醇联合奈达铂组43例,紫杉醇联合顺铂组40例,比较两组临床疗效和不良反应.结果:TN组与TP组的有效率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);TN组、TP组Ⅲ～Ⅳ级恶心/呕吐的发生率分别为14.0％和37.5％,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:紫杉醇联合奈达铂与顺铂方案疗效相当,但消化道不良反应发生率更低,值得临床推广.     

紫杉醇联合卡铂或顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌临床研究

目的比较紫杉醇加卡铂与紫杉醇加顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法86例晚期乳腺癌患者随机分为紫杉醇加卡铂组(A组)和紫杉醇加顺铂组(B组),A组方案为:TAX 135mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1d,卡铂按AUC 5mg/(m l.m in),静脉滴注,第2d;B组方案为:紫杉醇用法同前,顺铂30mg/m2,静脉滴注,第2~4d。21d为1周期,化疗2周期后进行评价。结果A组有效率为58.14%,B组有效率为53.49%,二组疗效无显著差异(P>0.05);胃肠道反应和肌肉关节疼痛A组较B组轻(P<0.05)。结论紫杉醇加卡铂治疗晚期乳腺癌有较高的临床疗效,较低的不良反应,可作为治疗晚期乳腺癌的首选方案。     

紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌36例临床观察

目的评价紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法 36例晚期食管癌患者使用紫杉醇(135 mg/m2)联合奈达铂(80 mg/m2)治疗,每3周为1个化疗周期。所有患者均至少接受2个周期的化疗,每2个周期评价近期疗效和不良反应,随访生存情况,进行生存分析。结果 36例患者中有34例可评价近期疗效,其中完全缓解1例(2.9%),部分缓解14例(41.2%),稳定10例(29.4%),疾病进展9例(26.5%),总有效率为41.1%(15/34)。16例初治患者的总有效率为60.0%(9/15),20例复治患者的总有效率为31.6%(6/19)。不良反应主要为血液学不良反应,在对症处理或治疗结束后均能缓解;其他不良反应较轻微、短暂,患者能够耐受。结论紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌疗效确切,不良反应较轻,值得在临床上对此开展进一步研究。     

多西紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效观察

目的 探讨多西紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效.方法 将40例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,用多西紫杉醇75mg/m2+奈达铂90mg/m2方案化疗,28天为1周期,第2周期结束后4周评价疗效.结果 有效率为42.5%,毒副反应为骨髓抑制,以Ⅰ、Ⅱ度白细胞减少为主.结论 多西紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,不良反应轻,是治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌较理想的治疗方案.     

多西紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效观察

目的 探讨多西紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效.方法 将40例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,用多西紫杉醇75mg/m2+奈达铂90mg/m2方案化疗,28天为1周期,第2周期结束后4周评价疗效.结果 有效率为42.5%,毒副反应为骨髓抑制,以Ⅰ、Ⅱ度白细胞减少为主.结论 多西紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,不良反应轻,是治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌较理想的治疗方案.     

奈达铂联合紫杉醇治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的 观察奈达铂联合紫杉醇治疗晚期食管癌的效果和安全性.方法 68例晚期食管鳞癌初治患者完全随机分为2组：观察组（34例）采用奈达铂联合紫杉醇方案化疗;对照组（34例）采用顺铂联合紫杉醇方案化疗,3周1个疗程,结果 观察组和对照组患者的有效率分别为52.9%（18/34）和47.1%（16/34）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.2组患者大部分治疗相关不良反应是轻中度,观察组的不良反应主要是中性粒细胞及血小板减少,对照组的不良反应主要是恶心、呕吐.与对照组比较,白细胞减少Ⅰ度,血小板减少Ⅱ度,恶心、呕吐0度、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论奈达铂联合紫杉醇方案与顺铂联合紫杉醇方案治疗晚期食管癌疗效相近,但不良反应方面奈达铂联合紫杉醇方案更具优势.     

奈达铂联合紫杉醇脂质体治疗晚期食管癌的临床研究

目的 探讨奈达铂联合紫杉醇脂质体治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效.方法 选取2010至2011年收治的晚期食管癌患者共60例,随机分为试验组和对照组,对照组采用常规的化疗治疗,试验组采用奈达铂与紫杉醇脂质体联合治疗.结果 试验组的总有效率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);2组1年生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者出现呕吐、食管炎、血小板减少、白细胞减少情况差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),说明试验组患者的副作用发生率明显低于对照组.结论 奈达铂联合紫杉醇脂质体治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效较好,不良反应较少,可为晚期食管癌治疗提供一种新的选择.     

紫杉醇联合奈达铂或顺铂周方案同步放化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的观察每周小剂量紫杉醇联合奈达铂或顺铂同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效及不良反应。方法 58例不能手术Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者(Ⅲa期22例,Ⅲb期36例),随机分为观察组29例:接受紫杉醇45mg/m2 d1+奈达铂25 mg/m2 d1化疗,每周一次。对照组29例:接受紫杉醇45mg/m2 d1+顺铂25 mg/m2 d1化疗,每周一次。两组同期行肺部三维适形放疗(GTV:6600cGy/30f/6+w、CTV:6000 cGy/30F/6+w、PTV:5400 cGy/30F/6+w)。结果同步放化疗后评价疗效:观察组:CR1例;PR17例,总有效率(CR+PR)66.7%。对照组:CR0例;PR15例,总有效率(CR+PR)71.4%。χ2=0.02,P>0.05,两组比较差异无统计学意义。白细胞减少;贫血;肝功损害;放射性肺炎及放射性食道炎发生率两组比较差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肾功损害,恶心;呕吐及体质量下降>10%,发生率观察组明显低于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论紫杉醇联合奈达铂与紫杉醇联合顺铂同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,但紫杉醇联合奈达铂比紫杉醇联合顺铂患者耐受性更好。     

紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗放疗后进展或复发的中晚期食管癌临床观察

目的 观察紫杉醇联合奈达铂(NDP)方案治疗放疗后进展或复发的中晚期食管癌的临床疗效及毒副反应.方法 非手术、放疗后进展或复发,II～IV期食管癌患者,紫杉醇135 mg·m-2静脉点滴;奈达铂 90 mg·m-2静脉点滴,28 d为1个周期,2个周期结束后评价疗效.疗程内6个治疗周期或出现不可耐受毒性为止.结果 治疗...     

奈达铂联合紫杉醇治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法 54例老年Ⅲ^Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者,应用紫杉醇135 mg/m2,奈达铂60Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者,应用紫杉醇135 mg/m2,奈达铂60⁸0 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1,2180 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1,21²8 d为1个周期,用药2个周期后评估疗效和毒副反应。结果 CR 2例,PR 16例,总有效率33.3%,首治患者的有效率为39.4%。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制,消化道反应及肝肾功能损害轻微。结论紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗老年非小细胞肺癌有较好的临床疗效,毒副反应轻,耐受性好。     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

基层医院护士在临床合理用药中的作用

目的充分利用护士在医师和患者间的特殊地位和作用,促进基层临床合理用药。方法从护士的工作性质出发,论述护士参与促进合理用药的方便和优势。结果通过实践,护士在促进合理用药中的作用得到有效发挥,基层合理用药环境得到极大改善。结论充分利用护士与医师和患者间的特殊桥梁作用,在基层医院促进合理用药,规范医师用药行为,防止药物滥用,引导患者安全用药,降低药源性疾病。