含量测定结合HPLC指纹图谱优选黄芪不同栽培方式

目的 优选黄芪药材的最佳栽培方式。方法 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱技术,以4个成分（毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素）的含量及黄芪黄酮的高效液相色谱特征图谱的共有峰总面积之和为综合评判指标,通过考察不同栽培方式（不起垄覆膜、10cm垄高覆膜、20cm垄高覆膜、30cm垄高覆膜、露头移栽）对黄芪药材质量的影响。结果 当栽培方式为不起垄覆膜（即当地传统的平地开沟覆膜移栽）时,黄芪药材质量最优。结论 该试验考察了不同栽培方式对于黄芪药材质量的影响,为以后黄芪药材进一步的种植研究提供依据。     

黄芪的质量评价

目的 评价市售黄芪药材及饮片的质量,为黄芪药材及饮片质量的提高和有效监管提供参考依据。方法 依照法定标准对由27家企业生产的37批次样品进行检验,采用化学计量学等方法分析检验结果。结果 在37批次样品中,有36批次样品符合规定,合格率为97.3%,1批次样品性状不符合规定;化学计量学分析结果显示,黄芪中砷(As)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)重金属元素之间具有一定的协同作用,Pb含量与黄芪甲苷含量呈正相关,As含量与毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量呈负相关。通过聚类分析可知,样品中黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量均差异较大,道地产区(内蒙古)药材有效成分的含量明显高于其他地区的药材。结论 市售黄芪药材及饮片的总体质量较好,但仍存在一些问题,现行质量标准能基本满足其质量控制的需要。     

小儿汗停颗粒质量标准研究

摘 要 目的：建立小儿汗停颗粒的质量标准。方法: 采用TLC法对制剂中黄芪、白术（炒）、防风进行定性鉴别。采用HPLC法对制剂中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量进行测定,Cosmosil C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）分离,以乙腈 0.2%甲酸溶液 (16〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗84)为流动相;流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为260 nm。结果: TLC色谱分别检出黄芪中的黄芪甲苷,与白术、防风对照药材有相同清晰斑点且阴性无干扰。毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷对照品在0.061～0.613 μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）,平均加样回收率结果为99.4%,RSD为1.29%（n=6）。 结论: 该方法准确、快速、稳定、可靠,重复性好,可用于小儿汗停颗粒的质量控制及评价。     

当归补血汤基准样品质量控制方法研究

目的 建立经典名方当归补血汤基准样品系统的质量控制方法,为其质量评价提供参考。方法 制备26批基准样品,在同一供试品溶液下,基于超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（UPLC-PDA）、UPLC-蒸发光散射检测器（ELSD）、亲水相互作用色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HILIC-PDA）法建立当归补血汤基准样品多维指纹图谱,明确其指纹图谱的峰归属和相似度范围。对毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和毛蕊异黄酮、黄芪甲苷、阿魏酸、总多糖进行定量分析,确定其含量限度范围。结果 建立当归补血汤基准样品三维指纹图谱方法,共标定了32个共有峰,通过与对照品比对,指认了其中17个共有峰,使用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）”计算相似度,其相似度均大于0.9。26批基准样品毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和毛蕊异黄酮、黄芪甲苷、阿魏酸、总多糖的含量均值±30%范围分别为0.075%～0.140%、0.023%～0.043%、0.103%～0.191%、4.69%～8.70%。结论 建立经典名方当归补血汤多维指纹图谱及多成分含量测定方法,适用性强,重复性、稳定性良好,可为当归补血汤基准样品及其制剂的质量控制提供依据。     

基于大鼠体内多成分代谢的黄芪质控成分遴选

目的 基于中药多成分作用特点,探讨黄芪多成分在体内的代谢情况,遴选黄芪质控成分。方法 制备黄芪水提物,ig给予大鼠（生药20 g/kg）,每天3次,连续给药3 d,腹主动脉采血、代谢笼收集尿液,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）技术对黄芪水提物主要成分、入血成分和尿液排泄成分进行鉴别,并分析主要的代谢途径,遴选黄芪质控成分。结果 黄芪水提物主成分共鉴别出包括毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、calycosin-7-O-glc-6"-O-malonate、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素等在内的15个化合物;血浆样品中指认出11个成分,包括7个代谢成分和4个原型成分;尿液样品中指认出14个成分,9个代谢成分及5个原型成分。结论 根据质谱数据分析结果,遴选出黄芪中以原型入血的成分和参与体内代谢的成分,包括毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、大豆苷元、3-hydro-9,10-diMP、isomer of 3-hydro-9,10-diMP、calycosin-7-O-glc-6"-O-acetate和formononetin-7-O-glc-6"-O-acetate,作为黄芪的质控成分。     

声光可调-近红外漫反射光谱法快速评价黄芪药材质量

目的:建立快速评价黄芪药材质量的方法。方法:采用烘干法测定黄芪药材样品水分含量,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)-蒸发光散射检测法(ELSD)测定黄芪甲苷的含量,采用HPLC法测定毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量(均作为参考值)。采用声光可调-近红外漫反射光谱法结合偏最小二乘法建立预测黄芪药材中上述指标含量的定量模型(作为预测值)。根据参考值,采集60批药材样品,采用一阶导数联合平滑降噪法预处理光谱,水分、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量预测的最佳波段分别为1100~2300、1080~2160、1170~2230 nm。结果:药材样品中水分、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量测定方法学考察符合要求。水分、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷定量模型校正均方根偏差分别为0.1323、0.0066、0.0025,预测均方根偏差分别为0.2371、0.0163、0.0047,校正集内部交叉验证相关系数分别为0.9759、0.9533、0.9680;定量模型内部验证偏差分别为1.43%、1.90%、1.84%,外部验证偏差分别为1.73%、2.68%、2.71%。结论:该方法快速、准确、简便、无污染,可用于黄芪药材质量的快速评价。     

基于UPLC-QTOF-MSE植物代谢组学的不同产地黄芪差异性研究

摘要：目的:研究不同产地黄芪整体化学成分及多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的差异性。方法:采用UPLC-QTOF-MS~E植物代谢组学技术建立山西浑源县、宁夏彭阳县、内蒙古固阳县三个产地黄芪整体化学成分的指纹图谱,采用多元统计分析方法研究不同产地黄芪整体化学成分的差异性。色谱柱：Waters Acquity UPLCHSS PFP(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8μm);流动相：0.1%的甲酸水溶液(A)和0.1%的甲酸乙腈溶液(B),梯度洗脱;流速：0.3 ml·min-1,柱温：40℃;电喷雾(Electrospray ionization, ESI)源;MS~E负离子扫描模式;采用液相色谱法、紫外分光光度法分别测定黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、黄芪多糖含量,研究不同产地黄芪三种物质的含量差异。结果:UPLC-QTOF-MS~E植物代谢组学结果显示,山西浑源、宁夏彭阳、内蒙古固阳三个产地的黄芪整体化学成分存在差异性,山西浑源与宁夏彭阳、内蒙古固阳黄芪整体化学成分差异较大,内蒙古与宁夏黄芪整体化学成分存在相似性。经鉴定,得到不同产地黄芪共有差异代谢物8种,分别为沙苑子苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、黄芪甲苷、芒柄花素、芒柄花苷、美迪紫檀素、红车轴草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷、黄芪皂苷Ⅰ。含量测定结果显示,三个产地中,山西浑源2年生黄芪多糖含量最低,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和黄芪甲苷含量最高。结论:本文建立了不同产地黄芪UPLC-QTOF-MS~E整体化学成分指纹图谱,鉴定出不同产地黄芪共有差异成分8种,并结合多糖、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、黄芪甲苷含量测定进一步表明了不同产地黄芪化学物质的差异性,为不同产地黄芪质量控制提供了参考。     

HPLC法同时测定黄芪中4种黄酮类成分的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定11个产地黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素4种黄酮类成分含量的方法,从有效成分含量探讨药材道地性内在因素。方法:色谱柱为Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C1(8250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.2%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),检测波长为280nm。结果:毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素的检测浓度分别在0.0051～0.510、0.0050～0.300、0.0049～0.294、0.0046～0.276mg·mL-1范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r均为0.9999)。内蒙古、山西等4个产地的黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮苷和芒柄花苷的含量较高;河北安国、赤城和甘肃定西产黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素含量较高。结论:本方法简便、快速、准确,试验结果与黄芪本草考证、道地沿革的文献基本相符。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定黄芪水提液中3种成分的含量

目的 建立UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定黄芪水提液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮和黄芪甲苷含量的方法.方法 黄芪药材经水进行提取后采用UPLC-MS/MS法进行测定,色谱条件:安捷伦SB-C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)用于进行分离,采用梯度洗脱方式进行分离,乙腈和0.1％甲酸水溶液作为流动相,...     

一测多评法测定黄芪 柴胡药对中8种成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立一测多评法测定黄芪 柴胡药对中8种成分含量。 方法: 采用HPLC法,以黄芪皂苷Ⅰ为内标物,分别计算其与毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、黄芪甲苷、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ、柴胡皂苷c、柴胡皂苷a和柴胡皂苷d的相对校正因子（RCF）,通过RCF计算黄芪 柴胡药对中上述7种成分的含量（计算值）,同时采用外标法测定上述8种成分的含量（实测值）,比较计算值与实测值的差异。色谱柱为Waters sunfire C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）柱,流动相为乙腈 0.3%甲酸溶液梯度洗脱液,流速为0.8 ml·min-1,检测器为蒸发光散射检测器,柱温为30℃,进样量为10 μl。 结果: 毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、黄芪甲苷、黄芪皂苷 Ⅲ、黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、柴胡皂苷c、柴胡皂苷a和柴胡皂苷d的线性范围分别为13.680～191.500 μg·ml-1、2.478～34.690 μg·ml-1、2.042～28.590 μg·ml-1、7.278～101.900 μg·ml-1、16.880～236.300 μg·ml-1、2.506～35.080 μg·ml-1、10.260～143.700 μg·ml-1、19.760～276.700 μg·ml-1（r分别为0.999 7,0.999 5,0.999 3,0.999 6,0.999 7,0.999 4,0.999 5,0.999 6）;平均加样回收率分别为98.2%,98.8%,98.9%,99.1%,98.7%,99.0%,98.5%,98.2%（RSD均<1.6%）。毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、黄芪甲苷、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ、柴胡皂苷c、柴胡皂苷a和柴胡皂苷d的RCF分别为1.037,0.759,1.247,0.995,1.085,0.587,0.635,其计算值和实测值之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论: 该方法简单、有效、结果准确、节约成本,可用于黄芪 柴胡药对中上述8种活性成分的同时测定。     

基于无机元素、有效成分银柴胡产地特征及关联分析

目的 比较不同产地银柴胡和土壤无机元素及药材有效成分特征,分析土壤与药材无机元素和有效成分的相关性。方法 收集来自9个产地银柴胡药材和生境土壤样品,采用ICP-MS技术测定样品16种无机元素含量,绘制无机元素指纹图谱;采用紫外可见分光光度法测定银柴胡总甾醇和总黄酮含量,并对土壤与药材无机元素和总甾醇、总黄酮含量进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 不同产地银柴胡药材和土壤具有相对一致的无机元素特征,但因无机元素不同表现出不同的特征差异;药材总甾醇和总黄酮含量亦因产地不同存在较大差异;银柴胡药材无机元素间及其与土壤无机元素存在不同水平的相关性,药材中S元素与总甾醇含量呈显著负相关性,土壤和药材中Mg元素以及土壤中Ca元素与药材总黄酮含量呈显著负相关性,药材中As元素与药材总黄酮含量呈显著正相关性。结论 银柴胡及生境土壤的无机元素,表现出不同的协同或拮抗作用,并与药材有效成分表现出一定的相互作用关系,研究结果为银柴胡道地产区建设和科学种植提供了一定的参考。     

Mechanisms underlying vasorelaxant action of astragaloside IV in isolated rat aortic rings

1. Astragaloside IV is a component from the widely used traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus and its effect on rat aortic ring contraction and relaxation were investigated. 2. The aorta from male Sprague-Dawley rats was isolated in an organ bath and ring tension was recorded with or without endothelium. Cumulative effects of astragaloside IV on vessel contraction and relaxation were observed in the presence of various antagonists related to vessel activity. 3. Astragaloside IV showed concentration-dependent inhibition of vessel contraction induced by phenylephrine and potassium chloride. The amount of calcium released from intracellular stores sensitive to phenylephrine was also markedly reduced by astragaloside IV. There was dose-dependent vasorelaxation in endothelium-intact rings, which was partly inhibited by pre-incubation with nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-alpha] quinoxalin-1-one. Astragaloside IV also induced a significant increase in aortic tissue content of guanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) both in vivo and in vitro. Endothelial NOS inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine prevented vasodilatation, whereas neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole did not show significant influence on the vessel relaxation of astragaloside IV. 4. In conclusion, astragaloside IV inhibited vessel contraction through blocking calcium influx and intracellular calcium release. The endothelium-dependent vessel dilation of astragaloside IV was attributed mainly to the endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP pathway.     

Astragaloside IV dilates aortic vessels from normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats through endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent ways

The major active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus, astragaloside IV, has been found to have properties of increasing coronary flow and cardioprotection. In this study, we examined the direct effects of astragaloside IV on vessel dilatation and contraction in isolated aortic rings from both normal and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) in vitro. The results demonstrated that astragaloside IV could antagonize vessel contractions induced by phenylephrine and potassium chloride in a concentration-dependent way. Astragaloside IV reduced CaCl2-induced contractions in Ca2+-free solution. Astragaloside IV also dilated aortic vessels in a dose-dependent manner, which was partially endothelium-dependent through the nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP pathways. The aorta from 6-month-old SHR-SP rats showed impaired endothelium function, and astragaloside IV dilated the vessels from the hypertensive rats to a lesser extent as compared with normal control rats. In the presence of perivascular fat tissue, the contractile responses induced by angiotensin II and phenylephrine were also attenuated by astragaloside IV. Collectively, this study provides functional evidence that astragaloside IV exerts vessel dilatation properties through the endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP pathway in normal and hypertensive rats. It blocks extracellular calcium influx and participates in vessel relaxation partly through phenylephrine and angiotensin II inhibition when perivascular fat is present.     

Astragaloside IV from Astragalus membranaceus shows cardioprotection during myocardial ischemia in vivo and in vitro

Astragaloside IV is the major active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. However, the effects of astragaloside IV on myocardial ischemia and its mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. In this study, we have examined the effects of astragaloside IV on myocardial infarction and coronary flow in vivo and in vitro. The possible roles of its antioxidative and nitric oxide-inducing properties were also explored. Astragaloside IV significantly reduced infarct size in dogs subjected to coronary ligation in vivo. Astragaloside IV also improved post-ischemic heart function and ameliorated reperfusion arrhythmias in rat hearts in vitro. The cardioprotection of astragaloside IV was accompanied by a significant increase in coronary flow both in vivo and in vitro. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nomega-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester partially abrogated astragaloside IV's protective effect on heart function. Myocardial antioxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase activity increased with astragaloside IV administration. These data suggest the potential roles of antioxidative and nitric oxide-inducing properties of astragaloside IV in its protection from myocardial ischemia.     

HPLC-CAD一测多评法同时测定黄芪中6种成分含量

建立高效液相串联电雾式检测器(HPLC-CAD)同时测定黄芪药材中黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、黄芪皂苷Ⅱ、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素和7,2’-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲氧基异黄烷的一测多评方法。采用Agilent SB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,3.5μm)色谱柱,0.05%甲酸水-0.05%甲酸乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,进样量为20μL;CAD雾化室温度50℃。建立内参物黄芪皂苷Ⅱ与其他成分的相对校正因子,并通过相对校正因子计算其含量。同时采用外标法验证所建立的一测多评法的合理性、可行性和重复性。结果表明:各色谱峰分离度较高,黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、黄芪皂苷Ⅱ、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素和7,2’-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲氧基异黄烷分别在0.1132.250、0.0120.240、0.0040.080、0.0651.300、0.0050.100和0.0070.150 mg·mL^-1内线性关系良好;20批黄芪药材中黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、黄芪皂苷Ⅱ、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素、7,2’-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲氧基异黄烷的含量分别为0.3060.922、0.0530.183、0.0150.092、0.0690.823、00.098和0.0200.107 mg·g-1;内参物黄芪皂苷Ⅱ与黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素和7,2’-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲氧基异黄烷的相对校正因子分别为0.561、0.835、0.299、0.796和0.799;一测多评法含量测定结果与外标法测定结果无显著性差异。建立的HPLC-CAD一测多评法简便、准确,可用于黄芪中6种化学成分的含量测定,研究结果为黄芪药材的质量评价提供了科学依据。     

基于UHPLC-HRMS血清代谢组学研究黄芪发酵菌质干预高尿酸血症的作用机制

目的 基于UHPLC-HRMS血清代谢组学研究黄芪发酵菌质对高尿酸血症模型大鼠血清内源性代谢产物的影响及机制。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、苯溴马隆组(20 mg·kg^-1)和黄芪发酵菌质高剂量组(3.0 g·kg^-1)、低剂量组(1.5 g·kg^-1)。模型组和各给药组均先采用大鼠灌胃300 mg·kg^-1氧嗪酸钾建立高尿酸血症模型,造模后1 h给药组给予相应药物进行干预,14 d后采集大鼠血清。利用UHPLC-HRMS对不同组别大鼠血清中的内源性代谢产物进行分析,并结合多元数据统计分析方法筛选差异代谢物和代谢通路。结果 造模14 d后高尿酸血症大鼠模型建立成功,黄芪发酵菌质显示出良好的降尿酸作用。与空白组相比,模型组发现了17个与高尿酸血症发病相关的潜在生物标志物;黄芪发酵菌质可显著回调其中10个潜在生物标志物,并主要涉及鞘脂代谢、嘧啶代谢、色氨酸代谢、泛酸和辅酶A生物合成、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢等通路发挥降尿酸作用。结论 本研究可为揭示黄芪发酵菌质降尿酸作用机制研究提供依据,并为黄芪的深度开发利用奠定基础。     

不同产地黄芪药材的UPLC/Q-TOF-MS指纹图谱研究

目的:采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱仪(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)建立黄芪药材的指纹图谱,初步鉴定其主要色谱峰,并结合主成分分析(PCA)模式识别方法评价不同产地药材质量。方法:用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱,以水-乙腈-异丙醇体系梯度洗脱,使用ESI离子源,正、负离子模式下采集数据。应用Markerlynx软件进行不同产地药材的PCA分析。结果:在18 min内建立了黄芪药材的UPLC/Q-TOF-MS指纹图谱,结合PCA分析,可以区分不同产地的药材,并找出包括毛蕊异黄酮,芒柄花素,黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ等8个差异最大的化合物。结论:UPLC/Q-TOF-MS方法所得谱图重现性和特征性较好,可以用于黄芪指纹图谱的快速鉴别。应用化学计量学方法可以较全面地反映不同产地药材学成分的差异,为其质量控制提供实验依据。     

Effect of astragaloside IV on the embryo‐fetal development of Sprague–Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits

Astragaloside IV, a natural product purified from the Chinese medicinal herb Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, is now being developed as a cardioprotective agent for treating cardiovascular diseases. In the present study developmental toxicity of astragaloside IV in Sprague–Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits was evaluated by intravenously administering astragaloside IV daily to rats at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg^?1 on gestation days 6–15, and to rabbits at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg kg^?1 daily on gestation days 6–18. Reproductive parameters were determined and fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal malformations. There was significant difference in total weight gain during and after treatment between the control group and 1.0 mg kg^?1 group in rats. The percentage of fetal deaths in 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg^?1 rat groups was significantly higher than that of the control group, and higher in all treatment groups than in the control in rabbits. These results indicated that astragaloside IV was maternally toxic at 1.0 mg kg^?1 in rats and fetotoxic at a dose higher than 0.5 mg kg^?1, but devoid of teratogenic effects in rats and rabbits. In light of these findings it is perhaps prudent to advise caution to women who might use astragaloside IV to combat cardiovascular disease during pregnancy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

透明颤菌血红蛋白对黄芪甲苷生物合成的调控作用

为了研究透明颤菌血红蛋白(Vitreoscilla hemoglobin,VHb)对黄芪甲苷生物合成的调控作用,本文运用农杆菌介导法,将透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene,vgb)导入黄芪毛状根中,经PCR特征性引物扩增得到54个转基因株系。Southern blot分析,证明vgb基因已经整合到转基因黄芪毛状根基因组中。RT-PCR分析结果表明,vgb基因在转录水平获得表达。转基因黄芪毛状根培养15天,其生长量和增长倍数皆比非转基因黄芪毛状根高;黄芪甲苷含量测定结果显示,转基因黄芪毛状根黄芪甲苷含量是非转基因黄芪毛状根的5～6倍,是山西产黄芪药材的10～12倍。研究结果表明,vgb基因的表达促进了转基因毛状根的生长,提高了黄芪甲苷含量。     

Cycloartane triterpene glycosides from Astragalus siculus

Based on spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation, the structures of two saponins isolated from the methanol extract of fresh roots of Astragalus siculus Biv. were established to be that of astrasieversianin II and astragaloside I (also known as astrasieversianin IV), two saponins previously isolated from A. sieversianus Pall and A. membranaceus Benge. A complete assignment of NMR data to the two compounds is reported for the first time.