营养门诊糖尿病病人膳食中膳食纤维含量的调查分析

目的　探讨糖尿病病人膳食中膳食纤维的摄入量在糖尿病治疗中的作用。方法　对 40例 44～ 77岁的本市糖尿病病人进行了为期 1年的膳食调查 ,计算出每人每日平均摄入膳食纤维 ( 10 .4±4.7)g。对其热能、营养素摄入情况及食物构成等进行分析。结果　该组糖尿病病人热能分配不合理 ,脂肪摄入偏高 ,碳水化合物偏低 ,钙、锌和视黄醇当量 (RE)略低 ,而膳食纤维的摄入更低于中国营养协会推荐的膳食营养素参考摄入量 (DRIs)标准[1] 。结论　应提高膳食中膳食纤维的摄入量 ,除膳食中增加富含纤维的粮谷类食物外 ,必要时应采用添加膳食纤维的食品 ,并应加强对糖尿病病人有关膳食治疗的教育 ,使病人对此有正确的理解 ,合理地安排膳食     

大庆地区2型糖尿病患者膳食结构调查及营养状况分析

目的 通过调查糖尿病患者膳食结构分析评价其合理性并提出干预对策.方法采用食物频数法对255例糖尿病患者的膳食状况进行调查.结果 被调查患者膳食中粮谷类的比重低,禽肉类和水产类比重过高;与2002年全国营养调查的城市居民各类食物平均摄入情况相似.总能量摄入过高,三大营养素中脂肪供能比明显偏高,碳水化合物的供能比和膳食纤维的摄入量未达到要求.胆固醇摄入超过推荐量标准,而B族维生素、钙、硒、锌的摄入量均未达到推荐量标准.结论 被调查糖尿病患者膳食结构不合理,建议适当降低总能量和脂肪的摄入,增加膳食纤维的摄入,平衡膳食,均衡营养素,加强糖尿病营养教育.     

胆石症患者膳食营养情况的调查与分析

目的:了解胆石症患者膳食营养素的摄入状况,以便更好地对病人进行饮食指导。方法:对89名胆石症患者进行连续3d的膳食调查,结合《中国居民膳食指南》,以全国及福建省食物成分表为依据,与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DIRs)进行比较。结果:胆石症患者的营养素缺乏最为严重的依次为膳食纤维(82.02%),铁(78.65%),锌(77.52%),钙(67.41%),男女性患者在能量、蛋白质、镁、锌、维生素E及膳食纤维的摄入量上的差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胆石症患者存在不同程度的营养素缺乏情况,临床护士应指导病人注意平衡膳食,控制脂肪,胆固醇的摄入同时,应增加膳食纤维和微量元素的摄入,多食果蔬,多饮水,做到健康饮食。     

高脂血症患者膳食状况调查分析

目的通过调查高脂血症患者膳食结构分析评价其合理性并提出干预对策。方法采用食物频数法和24h膳食回顾对208例高脂血症患者的膳食状况进行调查。结果被调查患者膳食中禽肉类比重过高;蔬菜水果及粮谷类摄入不足,膳食纤维摄入量未达到要求。脂肪摄入超过推荐量标准。结论被调查的高脂血症患者膳食结构不合理,建议适当降低总能量和脂肪的摄入,增加膳食纤维的摄入,平衡膳食,均衡营养;加强高脂血症患者的营养教育。     

膳食营养与高血压

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对饮食要求也越来越高,相继出现高能量、高脂肪、高蛋白、低膳食纤维等不合理饮食习惯.大量研究表明,人体慢性病的发生、发展和膳食选择行为存在密切联系,合理的膳食结构对于预防疾病乃至促进某些疾病的康复都起着重要作用.世界卫生组织（WHO）指出:21世纪的人们应当学会吃,营养不再是一件小事情,它关乎着个人的健康和家庭的幸福,关乎着民族的振兴和国家的前途.     

膳食纤维干预对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的疗效观察

目的调查本院糖尿病患者的膳食纤维摄入量,同时进行膳食纤维的营养干预,观察膳食纤维在糖尿病治疗中的作用.方法膳食纤维营养干预时间为7～10天.两组患者通过24小时膳食记录,计算住院后连续三天的膳食纤维的平均摄入量,观察干预组和对照组血糖、血脂的变化情况.结果对照组膳食纤维摄入量为10.27g/天,干预组膳食纤维摄入量为24.87g/天,治疗后患者的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(PBG)、血脂(TG)均下降,但干预组的降幅更大(p＜0.05).结论住院糖尿病患者的膳食纤维摄入量远远达不到要求,给予糖尿病患者足够的膳食纤维有助于提高糖尿病的疗效.     

膳食纤维干预对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的疗效观察

目的调查本院糖尿病患者的膳食纤维摄入量,同时进行膳食纤维的营养干预,观察膳食纤维在糖尿病治疗中的作用.方法膳食纤维营养干预时间为7～10天.两组患者通过24小时膳食记录,计算住院后连续三天的膳食纤维的平均摄入量,观察干预组和对照组血糖、血脂的变化情况.结果对照组膳食纤维摄入量为10.27g/天,干预组膳食纤维摄入量为24.87g/天,治疗后患者的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(PBG)、血脂(TG)均下降,但干预组的降幅更大(p＜0.05).结论住院糖尿病患者的膳食纤维摄入量远远达不到要求,给予糖尿病患者足够的膳食纤维有助于提高糖尿病的疗效.     

膳食纤维强化肠内营养在糖尿病合并重症肺结核中的应用

目的 探讨膳食纤维强化的肠内营养制剂对糖尿病合并重症肺结核患者营养干预的疗效.方法 选取结核病区住院治疗的肺结核合并糖尿病患者90例.随机将其分为观察组和对照组.因患者转院、死亡等原因终止本研究的共5例,观察组43例,对照组42例.对照组患者留置鼻胃管行常规肠内营养治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上加用膳食纤维鼻饲管注入,15g/d,连用20d.观察两组患者干预前和干预20d后血脂、血糖及营养状态指标.并比较干预后两组患者的血脂、血糖及营养状态的变化.结果 干预20d后观察组总HbAlc、2hPBG、FPG水平均低于对照组(P＜0.05),TC、TG数值均低于对照组(P＞0.05);干预20d后干预组TP、ALB均高于对照组(P＜0.05),干预组PA高于对照组(P＞0.05).结论 膳食纤维强化肠内营养干预可以有效改善2型糖尿病合并重症肺结核患者血糖及营养状况,提高疗效,值得推广及应用.     

高血压患病的膳食及营养因素分析

目的 探讨城镇居民的高血压与膳食营养因素的关系，为高血压的膳食预防提供科学依据。方法 对西峡县内154名35岁以上居民进行问卷调查，采用SAS软件进行处理。结果 高血压患者体重超重，且脂肪、碳水化合物、总热量、钠、胆固醇的摄入超标，而蛋白质、钾、钙、膳食纤维的摄入不足。结论 高血压患者在膳食结构方面的健康教育亟待加强。     

改良大承气汤协同不同膳食纤维对急性重症胰腺炎患者肠屏障及预后的影响

膳食纤维是指不能被人体内源性消化酶消化吸收的碳水化合物,分为可溶性膳食纤维和不可溶性膳食纤维,其代谢产物具有维持结肠黏膜上皮细胞的代射和更新、保护结肠上皮的形态和功能、调节肠道功能等作用,被作为肠内营养成分之一。本研究拟探讨改良大承气汤协同不同膳食纤维对急性重症胰腺炎(SAP)患者肠屏障等的影响。1资料与方法     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.