挥发油成分的研究——Ⅲ.腋花杜鹃挥发油的化学成分研究和牡荆、荆条挥发油成分的比较

用GC和GC-MS研究了腋花杜鹃叶中挥发油的化学成分,鉴定了α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,对-繖花烃,1,8-桉叶素,醋酸冰片酯,反-丁香烯及环氧丁香烯等几种主要成分,并测定了其含量。比较了腋花杜鹃和牡荆、荆条挥发油的组成,结果表明成分大致相似,唯一明显差别为前者含有较大量的醋酸冰片酯和反式丁香烯而不是β-丁香烯,同时后二者含有香桧烯而不含β-蒎烯。腋花杜鹃和牡荆、荆条虽为不同科属植物,但具有同样治疗气管炎之效用,究其原因,就在于它们有类似的化学成分。     

广西黄皮叶挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析研究

目的:对广西黄皮叶挥发油进行气相-质谱研究.方法:利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取广西黄皮叶挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法鉴定化学成分,归一化法测定各成分相对含量.结果:从广西黄皮叶挥发油中共分离出40多个组分,鉴定了其中32个化合物,占总量的90%以上,主要成分为石竹烯(25.31%)、石竹烯氧化物(14.86%)、β-红没药烯(8.95%)、斯巴醇(8.88%)、柏木-8(15)-烯-9-醇(7.54%)、α-法呢烯(6.51%)等,并鉴定出12种文献未见报道的组分.结论:广西黄皮叶挥发油中含倍半萜醇类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等多种化学成分,本试验为广西黄皮叶的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据.     

四种藁本药材挥发油的气相色谱—质谱分析比较

本文采用毛细管气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用方法,比较了辽藁本(Ligusticum jeholense)、藁本(Ligusticum sinense)及两种新疆藁本(Conioselium tataricum)药材挥发油中的化学成分,初步鉴定111个组分68个化合物。新疆藁本和辽藁本均含有α-水芹烯、藁本内酯、正丁烯基酞内酯及榄香脂素;藁本主要成分为新蛇床酞内酯、柠檬烯及蛇床酞内酯;四种藁本均含有肉豆蔻醚,蛇床酞内酯、α-派烯及异松油烯。其中肉豆蔻醚的含量以尼县新疆藁本为最高(44.25%),其次为辽藁本(9.08%),以察县新疆藁本(1.13%)及藁本(1.63%)为最低。     

杜鹃嫩枝叶挥发油化学成分研究

目的分析比较映山红(Rhododendron simsii Planch.)和南昆杜鹃(Rhododendron naamkwanense Merr.)嫩枝叶挥发油的化学成分。方法采用药典方法提取挥发油，利用毛细管气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和化学计量学及标准物对照的方法对各个色谱峰定性，并用色谱峰面积归一法获得各化合物的相对含量。结果共鉴定了124种化合物，其中共有化合物48种。从映山红和南昆杜鹃挥发油中分别鉴定出94和78种化合物，分别占总挥发油的84.47%和90.25%。其中72.76%和88.07%为含氧化合物,主要为萜醇、酸和酯类物质。1-辛烯-3-醇(4.00%，7.90%)，3,7-二甲基-1,6-二烯-3-辛醇(12.60%，3.48%)，薄荷醇(2.15%，3.29%)，9,12,15-三烯十八烷酸(1.15%，45.34%)，植醇(15.21%，8.56%)，9,12,15-三烯十八烷酸乙基酯 (9.16%,8.01%)为映山红和南昆杜鹃挥发油所共有的主要化学成分，分别占总挥发油的44.27%和76.58%。映山红中还含有棕榈酸(7.73%)，9,12–二烯十八烷酸(1.85%)，十四烷酸甲基酯(1.38%)等主要化学成分。结论利用GC-MS分析法结合化学计量学分辨方法和标准物质鉴定挥发油化学成分，比单独使用GC-MS法结果更加准确、可靠。     

醋制香附挥发油抗抑郁活性及化学成分分析

目的 评价醋制香附挥发油抗抑郁活性并分析其化学成分。方法 应用小鼠敞箱、悬尾和强迫游泳实验模型考察水蒸气蒸馏提取的醋制香附挥发油（3.9 g生药量/kg）对小鼠自主活动、悬尾和强迫游泳不动时间的影响,以盐酸氟西汀为阳性对照;应用ELISA检测小鼠脑皮质中5-羟色胺（5-HT）的含量;采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用分析醋制香附挥发油化学成分,通过NIST MS search 2.0谱库检索鉴定结构。结果 醋制香附挥发油对敞箱实验中小鼠的自主活动无影响,表明其不具有中枢神经系统兴奋作用;与对照组比较,醋制香附挥发油可显著缩短小鼠悬尾的不动时间（P<0.01）,亦可缩短小鼠强迫游泳不动时间,但不具有显著性差异;醋制香附挥发油可显著升高小鼠脑皮质中5-HT的含量（P<0.01）;从挥发油中共鉴定36个化合物,其中α-香附酮的相对含量最高,达15.93%,其它含量较高的成分主要为烯类和酮类成分,依次为异长叶烯-5-酮（8.53%）、氧化石竹烯（3.76%）、Ledene oxide-（II）（3.48%）和桉油烯醇（3.45%）。结论 醋制香附挥发油具有抗抑郁作用,提高脑组织中5-HT的含量是其抗抑郁作用机制之一;主要组成成分有：α-香附酮、异长叶烯-5-酮、氧化石竹烯、Ledene oxide-（II）和桉油烯醇等。     

山芝麻挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的:用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法对山芝麻挥发油进行化学成分的分析。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法从山芝麻中提取挥发油,用GC-MS联用法对化学成分进行鉴定,采用峰面积归一法测定其含量。结果:共鉴定了81个成分,占挥发油总成分的76.52%;主要为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物和脂肪族化合物等。结论:本方法稳定、可靠,重现性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析。     

野生黄花蒿种子挥发油化学成分的研究

目的研究黄花蒿种子挥发油的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法从湖南雪峰山地区野生黄花蒿种子中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对其化学成分进行鉴定,归一化法测定其百分含量。结果共鉴定出39个成分,占挥发油总成分的52%。其中丁香烯环氧化物（8.99%）、丁香烯（6.89%）、1,6,10-Dodecatriene,7,11-di meth-yl-3-methylene-,（E）-（8.16%）和1,6-Cyclodecadiene,1-methyl-5-methylene-8-（1-methylethyl）-,[s-（E,E）]-（4.01%）等4种成分含量较高,约占鉴定出挥发油成分的47%。结论此方法稳定可靠,重视性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析。     

β-榄香烯经大鼠呼吸道排泄研究

目的研究β-榄香烯自大鼠呼吸道排泄规律。方法采用自制的呼吸道药物收集装置，大鼠iv或ip β-榄香烯75 mg·kg^-1后，于不同时间点收集呼出气体，用气相色谱法测定药物浓度。结果大鼠iv或ip β-榄香烯75 mg·kg^-1 6 h后的累积排出量分别为给药剂量的1.41%和0.51%。结论原形药可经呼吸道排出，但不是β-榄香烯在大鼠体内消除的主要方式。     

橘叶挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

目的:分析橘叶挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取橘叶挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用法分析鉴定其化学成分,并应用面积归一法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果:从橘叶挥发油中分离出50种化学组分,鉴定了其中34种,占总油量的83%。结论:橘叶挥发油中主要成分为β-榄香烯(19.96%)、石竹烯(10.27%)、石竹烯氧化物(8.78%)、[1R-(1a,3aβ,4a,7β)]-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-薁(6.97%)、邻伞花烃(6.27%)等。     

济菊挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的分析济菊挥发油成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对挥发油成分进行分析鉴定。结果济菊中共检出58种化合物,主要为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类和脂肪族化合物。结论济菊挥发油的化学成分与其他产地的菊花挥发油成分有很大的不同,值得进一步研究。     

激光显微切割技术联合HPLC-TOF/MS定性分析金银花花蕾腺毛成分

目的 分析金银花花蕾腺毛成分，为金银花药材质量评价和控制提供参考。方法 采用激光显微切割技术获取花蕾腺毛，低温冷冻涡旋法去除花蕾表皮毛（腺毛与非腺毛），HPLC-TOF/MS检测花蕾、去表皮毛花蕾和腺毛中的成分，通过对照品对照、数据库检索及质谱裂解规律进行结构解析和鉴定。结果 从花蕾中鉴定成分37种，去表皮毛花蕾中鉴定31种，腺毛中鉴定35种；相对于花蕾，腺毛缺少2种酚酸类成分，去表皮毛花蕾缺少6种黄酮类成分。结论 腺毛含有多种次生物质，是金银花花蕾次生物质合成积累的重要场所，与金银花药材品质密切相关。     

豆叶九里香挥发油化学成分的研究

The essential oil from the branches and leaves of Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata was examined by GC, fractional distillation, column chromatography and GC/MS. Two main components were isolated from the essential oil by using fractional distillation and column chromatography on silica ogel and were identified as limonene (56.10%) and perillaldehyde (34.10%) respectively by IR, NMR and MS spectra. Seven other components were isolated in small amounts and identified as n-propyl-benzene, aromadendrene, elemol, 1-keto-4-hydroxy-decalin, 1-cycloheptyl-1-methyl-ethanol, myrtenal and eicosane.In addition, another seven compounds in this essential oil were identified as α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, pulegone, perillylalcohol, dihydrocarveyl acetate and cis-carveyl acetate.     

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Leaves and Twigs of Pistacia lentiscus,Pistacia lentiscus var. chia,and Pistacia terebinthus from Turkey

The composition of the essential oils from the leaves and twigs of Pistacia lentiscus L., Pistacia lentiscus var. chia (L.), and Pistacia terebinthus L. of Turkish origin were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventy-seven constituents were characterized from the essential oil of P. terebinthus leaves with α-cadinol (6.9%), phytol (5.4%), δ-cadinene (5.1%), α-terpineol (5.0%), and bornyl acetate (4.4%) as major constituents. Germacrene D (10%), β-pinene (7.5%), bornyl acetate (6.0%), α-cubebene (5.9%), and cubebol (5.4%) were found to be the main components among the 61 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. terebinthus twigs. Forty-six compounds were characterized from the essential oil of P. lentiscus twigs with sabinene (23.2%), α-pinene (19.4%), germacrene D (14.1%), limonene (6.9%), β-phellandrene (6.5%), terpinene-4-ol (5.7%), and β-caryophyllene (5.7%) as the main constituents. Terpinene-4-ol (29.2%), β-caryophyllene (29.2%), and p-cymene (7.1%) were identified as the major components among the 64 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. lentiscus leaves. Sixty-eight compounds were found on the essential oil of P. lentiscus var. chia leaves with germacrene D (20.1%), myrcene (13.9%), β-caryophyllene (10.8%), and α-terpinyl acetate (4.8%) as the major constituents. Myrcene (27.4%), germacrene D (21.7%), and β-caryophyllene (7.2%) were found to be the main components among 50 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. lentiscus var. chia twigs.     

Volatile oil profiles of the aerial parts of Jordanian garland,Chrysanthemum coronarium

Objective: The study evaluates, qualitatively and quantitatively, the volatile oil profiles of the aerial parts of Jordanian garland Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Asteraceae) and compares the findings with literature reports of garland of other sources, in terms of general composition and content of potentially active components.

Materials and methods: The chemical composition of the essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from dried material composed of flowerheads (FH) and aerial parts except for flowerheads (AEF) was assessed by GC-FID and GC-MS.

Results and discussion: More than 60 components were identified in the studied oils, corresponding to about 99.6 and 99.7% of total oil constituents of FH and AEF, respectively. The oil was characterized by substantial levels of monoterpenes (76.9% in FH and 61.9% in AEF) and moderate levels of sesquiterpenes (15.7% in FH and 27.7% in AEF). The oil from FH was characterized by high levels of oxygenated monoterpenes (64.3%, compared to 15.3% in AEF) and moderate levels of both monoterpene-hydrocarbons (12.6%, compared to 46.6% in AEF as the major fraction) and sesquiterpene-hydrocarbons (14.7%, compared to 23.5% in AEF), while very low levels of oxygenated sesquiterpenes were observed in both oils (1.0% in FH and 4.2% in AEF). The principal oil component was camphor (17.5%) in FH and myrcene (36.7%) in AEF. Other major components identified in the FH oil were santolina triene (4.3%), neoiso-3-thujanol (5.6%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (10.8%), perilla aldehyde (11.7%), iso-italicene (4.7%), phenylpropyl butanoate (4.9%), and germacrene D (4.3%), while Z-β-ocimene (5.2%), isobornyl acetate (5.2%), E-β-farnesene (12.1%), and germacrene D (4.5%) were the major constituents of AEF oil.     

香薷挥发油成分的研究

本文用GLC等方法鉴定和测定了海州香薷挥发油中对聚繖花素(10.43%)、百里香酚(30.05%)、香荆芥酚(33.39%)、α-反式-香柠檬烯(1.64%)等12个成分,并与川香薷挥发油的成分进行了分析比较。     

海州香薷与石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油的气相色谱—质谱分析比较

采用石英毛细管气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用法,比较了海州香蕉(Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F.Maekawa)与石香蕉的栽培品江香薷(Mosla chinensis Maxim.)药材挥发油中的化学成分,初步鉴定了93个组分中的68个化合物。自海州香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香薷酮(elsholtzia ketone)(80.81%)、反式-石竹烯(trans-caryophyllene)(2.14%)、葎草烯(humulene)(1.45%)、芳樟醇(linalool)(0.72%)等为主的43个成分,占挥发油总量的%.61%。自石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香荆芥酚(carvacrol)(51.11%)、百里香酚(thymol)(22.00%)、对-聚伞花素(p-cymene)(5.58%)、γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)(2.57%)等为主的50个成分,占挥发油总量的93.91%。     

Identification of the main volatile compounds in the leaf and flower of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tithonia diversifolia</Emphasis> (Hemsl) Gray

The composition of the essential oils of the leaves and flowers of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray, Mexican sunflower, are reported. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in an all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC–MS. The leaf oil was comprised of an abundance of α-pinene (32.9%), β-caryophyllene (20.8%), germacrene D (12.6%), β-pinene (10.9%) and 1, 8-cineole (9.1%). Germacrene D (20.3%), β-caryophyllene (20.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (8.0%) characterized the oil of the flower. A number of aliphatic fatty acids and a diterpenoid compound, sandaracopimaradiene, that were present in the flower, could not be detected in the leaf oil.     

A study of the larvicidal activity of two Croton species from northeastern Brazil against Aedes aegypti

The essential oils of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae) and Croton pulegiodorus Baill. were selected for larvicidal evaluation against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) and studied qualitatively and quantitatively by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-one compounds representing 92.03% (C. heliotropiifolius) and 85.68% (C. pulegiodorus) of the essential oils, respectively, have been identified. The major components of C. heliotropiifolius essential oil were identified as β-caryophyllene (35.82%), bicyclogermacrene (19.98%), and germacrene-D (11.85%). The major components in C. pulegiodorus essential oil were identified as β-caryophyllene (20.96%), bicyclogermacrene (16.89%), germacrene-D (10.55%), τ-cadinol (4.56%), and β-copaen-4-α-ol (4.35%). The essential oil of C. pulegiodorus (LC₅₀ 159 ppm) was more effective against Ae. aegypti than that of C. heliotropiifolius (LC₅₀ 544 ppm). In order to verify whether the major compound of both essential oils is the active principle responsible for the larvicidal activity, β-caryophyllene was purchased and its larvicidal potential was further evaluated. However, β-caryophyllene (LC₅₀ 1038 ppm) showed weak larvicidal potency. Results of larvicidal evaluation suggest the existence of a synergistic effect of minor components in the essential oils.     

刺人参挥发油成分及其抗真菌活性的研究

Oplopanax elatus (Ci Ren Shen, in Chinese), a perennial bush with thorn, wildly grows in Chang Bai Mountain area, northeast China. The essential oil of its root, rhizome and stem was extracted by steam distillation with yields of 0.8～1.2%. By means of GC/MS/DS, 31 chemical constituents were identified as follows: n-hexanal (0.22%), heptaldehydc (0.17%), α-pinene (1.30%), β-pentyl furan(0.27%), n-octanal(2.07%), limonene(0.31%), ocimene(1.62%), δ-3-carene(0.19%), perillen(1.33%), 2,6-dimethyl heptalene(1.07%), borneol(1.27%), α-dodecenal(7.14%), α-copaene(0.54%), tetradcanal(1.17%), iaocaryophyllene (0.58%), β-farnesene(0.92%), α-caryophyllene(0.82%), γ-muurolene(0.73%), longifolene(1.67%), 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-2, 6, 10-dodinene(8.64%), γ-cadinene(2.79%), δ-cadinene(5.03%), nerolidol(14.93%), gualol(4.20%), torreyol(10.0%), cedrol(4.24%), bulnesol(7.79%) and farnesol(1.16%).The antimycotic activities of Ci Ren Shen cssential oil was determined in vitro by serial dilutions on solid nutrient medium. Fungistatic results were visible on 5 species, Microporum gypseum, M. lanosun, Trichophyton gypseum, T. purpureatum and Epidermophyton floccosum. The MIC is 0.0625%.