2型糖尿病男性患者糖化血红蛋白水平与骨代谢标志物的相关性*

目的?分析2型糖尿病（T2DM）男性患者糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平与骨代谢标志物浓度的相关性。方法?回顾性分析2018年5月—2019年5月在朝阳市第二医院住院治疗的432例T2DM男性患者作为研究对象。根据患者HbA1c水平,将其分为高HbA1c组（HbA1c≥7%）342例和低HbA1c组（HbA1c<7%）90例。收集两组一般资料、血糖相关指标及骨代谢标志物,并观察其差异。使用Pearson法分析HbA1c与 25（OH）D、骨钙素（OCN）、血清总I型胶原氨基端延长肽（TPINP）、I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列（β-CTX）骨代谢相关指标的相关性。结果?两组年龄、BMI及病程比较,差异无统计学意义（P?>0.05）。高HbA1c组空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2?h血糖（2?hFPG）及HbA1c高于低HbA1c组（P?<0.05）,而空腹胰岛素（FINS）低于低HbA1c组（P?<0.05）。高HbA1c组OCN低于低HbA1c组（P?<0.05）;两组25（OH）D、TPINP及β-CTX水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P?>0.05）。HbA1c与OCN呈负相关（r?=-0.162,P?=0.002）,而与 25（OH）D、TPINP及β-CTX无相关性（P?>0.05）。结论?T2DM男性患者HbA1c水平与OCN呈负相关。     

2型糖尿病血清白介素-10与颈动脉内中膜厚度的相关性

目的：研讨不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化的2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者血清白介素-10（inter-leukin-10,IL-10）的水平的变化及其与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（carotid intima-media thickness,IMT）的相关性。方法：选择沈阳医学院奉天医院内分泌科2008年6月至2009年6月住院T2DM患者共60例,并经彩色多普勒超声检测IMT将其分为三组：IMT正常组（IMT〈1.0 mm）20例、IMT增厚组（1.0 mm≤IMT≤1.2 mm）20例、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成组（IMT〉1.2 mm）20例。同时从健康查体者中选取20名志愿者作为正常对照组。受试者均晨起空腹,记录一般资料,包括身高、体重、腰围、收缩压和舒张压,并计算体重指数。口服75 g葡萄糖行葡萄糖耐量试验（oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT）,采空腹静脉血10 ml,测定空腹血糖（FBG）、胰岛素（FINS）、糖化血红蛋白（hemoglobin A1C,HbA1c）、血脂及血清IL-10浓度。数据统计采用SPSS13.0软件完成。结果：T2DM患者的颈动脉IMT均值明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,即使IMT正常的T2DM患者的IMT值亦高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）。T2DM患者的血清IL-10水平明显低于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,在IMT正常的T2DM患者的血清IL-10浓度明显低于正常对照组（P=0.012）,并且在三组不同IMT的T2DM组,IL-10水平差异亦具有显著性（P〈0.05）。相关分析显示,血清IL-10水平与IMT、BMI、WC、FBG、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C及HOMA-IR呈负相关,其中与IMT的相关系数最高（r=-0.74,P〈0.01）。经过Logistic回归分析发现,IL-10水平下降、病程、TG升高、HbA1c水平升高是T2DM患者颈动脉IMT增厚的危险因素。结论：T2DM患者血清IL-10水平明显降低,并且与颈动脉IMT呈明显负相关,提示IL-10降低可能参与了T2DM患者动脉粥样硬化的发生发展,是颈动脉IMT增厚的危险因素之一。     

新诊断1型糖尿病儿童血清25⁃羟维生素D水平与临床分析

目的：探讨新诊断1型糖尿病（type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM）患儿维生素D缺乏情况及维生素D水平与胰岛功能的关系。方法：选取2015年1月—2016年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院就诊首次诊断的T1DM患儿,分析健康体检患儿与新诊断T1DM儿童血清25?羟维生素D［25（OH）D］水平;根据25（OH）D水平,将T1DM患儿分为4组（严重缺乏组、缺乏组、不足组及充足组）,比较其一般情况;探讨不同性别、年龄、有无合并糖尿病酮症酸中毒（diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）及空腹、餐后C肽与血清25（OH）D水平的关系。结果：T1DM患儿25（OH）D水平较健康对照组降低。T1DM患儿中25（OH）D严重缺乏组空腹C肽水平明显低于25（OH）D充足组;年龄≥6岁患儿25（OH）D水平较＜6岁降低;秋冬组25（OH）D水平低于春夏组;合并DKA组25（OH）D水平低于无DKA组;HbA1c≥14%组25（OH）D水平低于＜14%组;T1DM患儿血清25（OH）D 与血清空腹C肽呈正相关。结论：T1DM患儿普遍存在25（OH）D缺乏,尤其是年龄≥6岁、合并DKA且血糖控制不佳者,更需加强秋冬季25（OH）D的补充。     

高频超声对2型糖尿病合并糖尿病肾病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的评价

目的研究高频超声对2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并糖尿病肾病（DN）患者颈动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值。方法将99例T2DM患者根据尿蛋白排泄率（UAER）不同程度分为T2DM未合并DN患者组（T2DM1组）58例、T2DM合并DN患者组（T2DM2组）41例。采用高频超声检测两组患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）及粥样硬化斑块形成情况。同时检测患者血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、尿酸（U-RIC）、血肌酐（CREA）、超敏C反应蛋白（HSCRP）、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、体质指数（BMI）等指标。结果 T2DM2组2hPG、BMI、TC、CREA、UAER、HbA1cI、MT均高于T2DM1组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示两组中IMT与CREA、UAER、HbA1c及病程呈正相关（r=0.323,P〈0.05;r=0.317,P〈0.05;r=0.459,P〈0.05;r=0.346,P〈0.05）。采用多元线性回归分析,两组中UAER、HbA1c、病程是IMT的独立预测因子。两组组内斑块检出率：软斑〉混合斑〉硬斑,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 T2DM合并DN患者的颈动脉IMT增厚,UAER、HbA1c及病程长短与IMT的形成密切相关。高频超声能够准确、快捷地检测T2DM合并DN患者的颈动脉粥样硬化情况。     

T2DM患者血清25(OH)D、ApoM水平与IMT的关系

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、载脂蛋白M(ApoM)水平与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)的关系。 方法回顾性分析112例T2DM患者(T2DM组)和同期体检健康人群108例(对照组)的临床资料。T2DM患者根据IMT分为IMT增厚组(n=58)与IMT正常组(n=54),比较各组血清25(OH)D、ApoM水平；分析T2DM患者IMT增厚的影响因素。 结果T2DM组血清25(OH)D、ApoM低于对照组,IMT增厚组血清25(OH)D、ApoM低于IMT正常组(P＜0.05)。患者高血压、高密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖、25(OH)D、ApoM为影响T2DM患者IMT增厚的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。 结论血清25(OH)D、ApoM为影响T2DM患者IMT增厚的独立危险因素,临床可密切监测以及时进行评估及干预。     

维生素D对老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗影响的研究

目的：探讨维生素D对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者胰岛素抵抗的影响,为该类患者的临床治疗提供可参考依据。方法共纳入160例该院诊断为T2DM的老年患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字法平均分为观察组与对照组,两组患者均给予常规降糖治疗,观察组同时加用骨化三醇（0.5μg/d ,12周）。所有患者均于治疗前及治疗后空腹抽取静脉血检测血糖相关指标及血清25羟基维生素D3[25-（OH）D3]水平。结果治疗后体质量指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、胰岛素（Fins）、25-（OH）D3及胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）均较治疗前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且治疗后观察组BMI、FBG、HbA1c、Fins、25-（OH）D3及IRI较对照组改善更明显,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不同血清25-（OH）D3水平患者补充维生素D后IRI均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;血清25-（OH）D3水平低于25 nmol/L的患者同时伴有BMI、FBG、HbA1c、Fins、25-（OH）D3水平的明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。血清25-（OH）D3与BMI、FBG、HbA1c、Fins及IRI存在正相关关系（P＜0.05）。结论老年T2DM患者在常规降糖治疗的基础上,补充维生素D可以更好地改善胰岛素抵抗状况,促进患者血糖的平稳。     

维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者血清25-羟维生素D3缺乏情况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨维吾尔族2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清25-羟维生素D3〔25（OH）D3〕缺乏情况及影响因素。方法 选取2012年9月-2014年9月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科住院的维吾尔族T2DM患者716例,采用回顾性研究方法,收集患者的一般情况、检测25（OH）D3月份（即日照时间）、糖尿病病程及血清25（OH）D3、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平。不同指标之间的相关性采用Spearman秩相关进行分析;血清25（OH）D3缺乏的影响因素采用多元线性回归分析。结果 716例患者中血清25（OH）D3缺乏671例（占93.7%）,不缺乏45例（占6.3%）;两组患者在性别、年龄、血清HbA1c、糖尿病病程、日照时间的分布上差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。血清25（OH）D3与性别、年龄、血清HbA1c、糖尿病病程均呈负相关（rs值为-0.140～-0.014,P＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析得出方程：Log（Y）=2.025+性别×0.138＋日照时间×0.370-年龄×0.110-HbA1c×0.183。整体回归效果检验：F=14.258,P＜0.001。结论 维吾尔族T2DM患者血清25（OH）D3普遍缺乏,且受到性别、年龄、血清HbA1c、日照时间的影响。     

2型糖尿病患者血清25-羟维生素D水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者血清25-羟维生素D[serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D,25（OH）D]水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（intimal-medial thickness,IMT）的相关性。方法：选取T2DM患者132例,根据血清25（OH）D浓度的四分位数分为4组（Q1～Q4）;又根据颈动脉IMT分为正常组和动脉粥样硬化组。测量血压、身高、体质量,并检测生化指标。采用电化学发光法测定血清25（OH）D浓度,彩色多谱勒超声测定颈动脉IMT、颈动脉收缩期最大流速（peak systolic velocity,PSV）、舒张末期血流速度（end diastolic velocity,EDV）。结果：Q1组颈动脉IMT高于Q3组（P=0.027）。Q1、Q2组颈动脉IMT高于Q4组（P=0.000、P=0.002）。Q1组的颈动脉斑块发生率明显高于Q2、Q3、Q4组（P=0.004、P=0.002、P=0.000）。Q1组颈总动脉PSV低于Q3组（P=0.031）。Q1组颈总动脉EDV低于Q2、Q3、Q4组（P=0.003、P=0.002、P=0.038）。动脉粥样硬化组的血清25（OH）D浓度低于正常组（P=0.000）。Pearson相关分析颈动脉IMT与血清25-（OH）D成负相关（r=-0.348,P=0.000）。多元回归分析显示颈动脉IMT与血清25-（OH）D 独立负相关（B=-0.012,P=0.000）。结论：在T2DM患者中,血清25（OH）D浓度与颈动脉IMT成负相关,低浓度血清25（OH）D可能为颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。     

糖尿病患者25 羟维生素D3 水平与血脂、 胰岛素功能的相关性

目的 分析糖尿病患者25 羟维生素D3[25-（OH）D3] 水平与血脂、胰岛素功能的关系。方法 选 取2018 年6 月—2018 年12 月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院住院治疗的1 型糖尿病（T1DM）、2 型糖尿病 （T2DM）患者,每组78 例。另选取同期78 例健康体检者作为对照组。根据[25-（OH）D3] 水平不同分为维 生素D3（VD3）<50 nmol/L 组（69 例）和VD3 ≥ 50 nmol/L 组（165 例）,比较两组患者血脂、胰岛素功能 及其相关性。结果 ① 3 组年龄、体重指数（BMI）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h 血糖、空腹血清C 肽、餐后2 h 血清C 肽、25-（OH）D3 及胰岛β 细胞功能指数水平比较,差异有统计学 意义（P <0.05）;② VD3<50 nmol/L 组总胆固醇（TC）含量低于VD3 ≥ 50 nmol/L 组,而胰岛β 细胞功能 指数高于VD3 ≥ 50 nmol/L 组（P <0.05）;③相关性分析结果显示,T1DM 组患者VD3 水平、BMI 与胰岛β 细胞指数呈负相关（r =-0.259 和-0.491,P =0.025 和0.043）;T2DM 组患者VD3 水平与TC 含量呈负相关 （r =-0.227,P =0.046）;结论 糖尿病患者VD3 水平与TC 及胰岛素β 细胞功能密切相关。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血清亚临床炎性因子的相关研究

目的观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清慢性亚临床炎症因子与颈动脉粥样硬化（AS）的关系,探讨炎性反应对糖尿病大血管病变的影响。方法检测新乡医学院第一附属医院136例T2DM患者双侧颈总动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）,根据超声检查结果,分为对照组（C组,85例）和颈AS组（A组,51例）,比较两组体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、外周血白细胞计数（WBC）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果 A组与C组比较,BMI、WBC、hs-CRP、LDL-C、TG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR均升高,且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。相关分析显示,IMT与BMI、WBC、hs-CRP、LDL-C、TG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR呈正相关（r分别为0.21、0.26、0.63、0.42、0.32、0.05、0.17、0.31,P值分别为0.01、0.16、0.52、0.00、0.00、0.00、0.00、0.02）。结论慢性亚临床炎症参与T2DM大血管病变的发生及发展,血清炎性因子水平可以在一定程度上反映糖尿病患者的颈AS程度,为预测和评估病情提供依据。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.