对位取代苯胺形成P－450－MI络合物构效关系的判别分析研究

本文测定了一组对位取代苯胺与未经处理或经苯巴比妥诱导的大鼠肝微粒体形成细胞色素Ｐ－４５０代谢中间体络合物的活性，并用Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ线性判别分析研究了它们的构效关系。结果表明，除４，４＇－二氨基二苯醚与经苯巴比妥诱导的大鼠肝微粒体形成细胞色素Ｐ－４５０代谢中间体络合物的活性被错分外，其余的对位取代苯胺均被正确分类；脂溶性较大和拉电子能力较强的对位取代基对形成代谢中间体络合物有利；经苯巴比妥诱导的大鼠肝微粒体与对位取代苯胺形成代谢中间体络合物的活性较大。     

Biodegradation of Complex Bacteria on Phenolic Derivatives in River Water

Objective To isolate, incubate, and identify 4-chlorophenol-degrading complex bacteria, determine the tolerance of these bacteria to phenolic derivatives and study their synergetic metabolism as well as the aboriginal microbes and co-metabolic degradation of mixed chlorophenols in river water. Methods Microbial community of complex bacteria was identified by plate culture observation techniques and Gram stain method. Bacterial growth inhibition test was used to determine the tolerance of complex bacteria to toxicants. Biodegradability of phenolic derivatives was determined by adding 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacteria in river water. Results The complex bacteria were identified as Mycopiana, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium. The domesticated complex bacteria were more tolerant to phenolic derivatives than the aboriginal bacteria from Qinhuai River. The biodegradability of chlorophenols, dihydroxybenzenes and nitrophenols under various aquatic conditions was determined and compared. The complex bacteria exhibited a higher metabolic efficiency on chemicals than the aboriginal microbes, and the final removal rate of phenolic derivatives was increased at least by 55% when the complex bacteria were added into river water. The metabolic relationship between dominant mixed bacteria and river bacteria was studied. Conclusion The complex bacteria domesticated by 4-chlorophenol can grow and be metabolized to take other chlorophenols, dihydroxybenzenes and nitrophenols as the sole carbon and energy source. There is a synergetic metabolism of most compounds between the aboriginal microbes in river water and the domesticated complex bacteria, 4- chlorophenol-degrading bacteria can co-metabolize various chlorophenols in fiver water.     

H2O2供氧条件下Burkholderia cepacia好氧降解三氯乙烯和苯酚的共代谢机理

氯代有机溶剂与酚类化合物复合污染地下水的现象较为普遍,但地下水环境中溶解氧缺乏,好氧微生物降解作用难以发挥。本文驯化好氧微生物Burkholderia cepacia耐受高浓度H2O2,并利用H2O2作为供氧源降解地下水环境中的三氯乙烯（TCE）和苯酚。结果表明,对于Burkholderia cepacia的生长过程,H2O2的最佳投加量为4 mmol/L,加入H2O2后,会短暂抑制TCE降解,但最终大幅提高了TCE的降解率,达到79.80%。动力学分析表明,在H2O2供氧条件下,共代谢苯酚与TCE的比降解速率可以由Monod模型和Haldane模型分别进行描述,且显著相关。研究结果为好氧微生物控制地下水环境中的TCE和苯酚复合污染提供了科学依据。     

卤代苯胺经鼠肝微粒体代谢生成一氧化碳的构效关系

用双波长、差示、一阶导数分光光度法，建立了一种测定外源物体外代谢时一氧化碳（ＣＯ）生成量的新方法。与传统的血红蛋白ＣＯ络合物生成测定ＣＯ法相比，本方法能有效地消除背景干扰、提高ＣＯ定量的准确性与灵敏度。利用所建立的方法。验证了四种三卤代苯胺和一种三卤代苯经鼠肝微粒体代谢生成ＣＯ的能力。其中，仅２，４，５－三氟苯胺（２，４，５－ＴＦＡ）可生成较大量的ＣＯ。尽管２，４，６－三氟苯胺代谢脱氟的速度与２，４，５－ＴＦＡ相近，但生成ＣＯ的能力仅为后者的１／１０左右。用苯巴比妥或地塞米松诱导大鼠，可明显提高鼠肝微粒体使２，４，５－ＴＦＡ代谢生成ＣＯ的能力，对其余化合物无类似影响。上述观察进一步证明了此生成ＣＯ的降解途径，很可能是某类Ｐ４５０同功酶的特异性反应，同时还提示，此过程亦具有底物特异性。     

Biological Degradation of Some Organic Compounds Enrolled in Paper Industry—A Pollution Prevention Approach

Evaluation of the elimination and the “ultimate“ biodegradation by aerobic microorganisms of some organic compounds commonly used in paper manufacturing technology was investigated.Biodegradation lines of nine orgainc compounds were determined as percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD) over 7 days incubation.The results of the biodegradable,while others rank from fairly to even non-biodegradable.Significant biodegradation results were recorder for anticoating ester(95.0%),basoplast 200D(85.3%) and basoplast PR 8050(87.6%),A bleaching agent(formamidin-sulfinic acid),ukanol BAS and solidurit KM demonstrate moderate biodegradation results of 62.1%,76.2% and 69.8%,respectively,Poor biodegradation results for Hedifix M/35(12.7%),basazol orange(34.9%)and basazol brown(29.0%) were recorded,Accordingly,appropriate precaution should be taken into consideration when using these compounds for industrial applications.     

QSARS for acute toxicity of halogenated benzenes to bacteria in natural waters

Objective To measure the acute toxicity of halogenated benzenes to bacteria in natural waters and to study quantitative relationships between the structure and activity of chemicals. Methods The concentration values causing 50% inhibition of bacteria growth （24h-IC50） were determined according to the bacterial growth inhibition test method. The energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the net charge of carbon atom of 20 halogenated benzenes were calculated by the quantum chemical MOPAC program. Results The logl/IC50 values ranged from 4.79 for 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to 3.65 for chlorobenzene. A quantitative structure-activity relationship model was derived from the toxicity and structural parameters： logl/IC50 =-0.531（ELUMO）＋1.693（Qc）＋0.163（logP）＋3.375. This equation was found to fit well （r^2=0.860, s=0.106）, and the average percentage error was only 1.98%. Conclusion Halogenated benzenes and alkyl halogenated benzenes are non-polar narcotics, and have hydrophobicity-dependent toxicity. The halogenated phenols and anilines exhibit a higher toxic potency than their hydrophobicity, whereas 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene is electrophile with the halogen acting as the leaving group.     

2,4-二氨基-5-烷氧基苯氨基嘧啶类化合物的合成及抗菌活性(三)

根据电子等排原理,合成了5个2,4-二氨基-5-烷氧基苯氨嘧啶类化合物,它们对大肠杆菌1515的抗菌活性均弱于TMP。与以前合成的20个化合物一起进行Hansch相关分析,结果表明抑菌作用与取代基的MR呈线性相关。2-位取代基与3,4-位及5-位取代基对化合物抑菌活性的贡献各不相同。     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯在堆肥条件下的生物降解性能研究

根据ISO 14855的检测方法,研究了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)在堆肥条件下的生物降解性能,结果 表明PBS具有良好的生物降解性,且其形态对其降解速率有显著的影响,降解速率:PBS粉末>PBS片>PBS 颗粒。对堆肥中的微生物进行分离鉴定,在所选堆肥中主要分离出四种菌株:杂色曲霉菌、青霉菌、芽包杆菌 和直杆高温多孢菌,它们对PBS的降解能力各不相同,其中最有效降解PBS的菌株是杂色曲霉菌。     

新型酞菁类光敏剂的合成及其在光动力学抗菌化学疗法中的应用

目的 发展具有良好溶解性的酞菁类光敏剂,为其应用于光动力抗菌化学疗法（photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy,PACT）灭活耐药细菌提供指导依据。方法 通过有机合成的方法合成了4个酞菁化合物（6-9）,并使用元素分析、紫外可见光谱和高分辨质谱等方法表征其结构,进而对其进行PACT和最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）实验。结果 成功合成了目标化合物6-9;MIC实验结果表明,化合物6-9对测试的3种耐药菌均无灭活作用;PACT实验结果表明,化合物6-9分别对3种耐药菌有一定程度的灭活作用,其中化合物6灭菌活性最佳,且随着浓度的升高,光动力灭菌效果增强。结论 酞菁化合物是一类优秀的光敏剂,通过增加酞菁化合物的溶解度可有效提高其光动力灭菌效果。     

小麦麸质-针形硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备与性能

通过湿法工艺在小麦麸质中加入一定量的凹凸棒,经冷冻干燥和热模压方法制备了小麦麸质凹凸棒纳米复合材料。研究发现：凹凸棒在小麦麸质中能均匀分散,且当凹凸棒质量分数为7％时,复合材料拥有较好的力学性能。同时,不同复合材料的降解实验结果表明,该复合材料在土中埋10 d后,质量降解为原来的50％,20 d后只剩下原来的20％左右。通过在小麦麸质中加入凹凸棒所得到的复合材料提高了小麦麸质的力学性能,是一种可降解复合材料。     

氯化聚丙烯超声降解的动力学

测定了不同浓度氯化聚丙烯(CPP)甲苯溶液超声降解的分子量,并用数据拟合法求出了聚合物超声降解极限分子量。由于常用的超声降解动力学方程对实验数据拟合的精度不能令人满意,为了准确建立CPP在甲苯溶液中的超声降解动力学方程,提出了一个改进的动力学方程式:1Mt-Mlim-M0-1Mlim=kt。它能准确地描述CPP超声降解过程。用该方程拟合的聚合物超声降解数据,效果比文献提供的方程好。在超声降解过程中,随CPP浓度的增大极限分子量增大而降解速率常数则减小。     

改性脂肪族聚酯的生物降解性研究

以芳香二元酸为聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的共聚组分,合成了一系列聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PTS）共聚物,用土埋法和二氧化碳释放法测定其生物降解性,发现一定比例的共聚酯具有良好的生物降解性。     

Correlation study of toxicity of substituted phenols to river bacteria and their biodegradability in river water

INTRODUCTION It is important to evaluate the biodegradation of organic chemicals in understanding the transforma- tion, fate and risk of chemicals in the environment. However, gathering this information is labor intensive, time consuming, and expensive due to the large number of these chemicals. Relevant studies have shown that the biodegradability of organic compounds could be estimated effectively and rapidly using the quantitative structure-biodegrada- bility relationship (QSBR) model…     

Degradation of acenaphthene by ozone

Objective To investigate the oxidation of acenaphthene(Ace),a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)with a saturated C-C bond by ozone and to characterize the intermediate products of ozonation.Methods Ozone was generated from filtered dry oxygen by an ozone generator and continually bubbled into a reactor containing 1g/L Ace dissolved in an acetonitrile/water solvent mixture(90/10,v/v)at a rate of 0.5 mg/s.HPLC was used to analyze the Ace concentration.Total organic carbon(TOC)was used to measure the amount of water soluble organic compounds.GC-MS was used to identify the ozonized products.Oxygen uptake rate(OUR)of activated sludge was used to characterize the biodegradability of ozonized products.Results During the ozonation process,Ace was degraded,new organic compounds were produced and these intermediate products were difficult mineralize by ozone,with increasing TOC of soluble organics.The ozonized products were degraded by activated sludge more easily than Ace.Conclusion Ozonation decomposes the Ace and improves its biodegradability.The ozonation combined with biological treatment is probably an efficient and economical way to mineralize acenaphthene in wastewater.     

Bioremediation of quinoline-contaminated soil using bioaugmentation in slurry-phase reactor

Objedive To investigate the possibility of using bioaugmentafion as a strategy for remediating quinoline-contaminated soil. Methods Microorganisms were introduced to the soil to assess the feasibility of enhancing the removal of quinoline from quinoline-contaminated soil. Slurry-phase reactor was used to investigate the bioremediation of quinoline-contaminated soil. HPLC (Hewlett-Packard model 5050 with an UV detector) was used for analysis of quinoline concentration.Results The biodegradafion rate of quinoline was increased through the introduction of Burkholderia pickettii. Quinoline, at a concentration of 1 mg/g soil, could be removed completely within 6 and 8 hours with and without combined effect of indigenous microbes, respectively. Although the indigenous microbes alone had no quinoline-degrading ability, they cooperated with the introduced quinoline-degrader to remove quinoline more quickly than the introduced microbes alone. Bioaugmentaion process was accelerated by the increase of inoculum size and bio-stimulation. The ratio of water to soil in slurry had no significant impact on bioremediation results. Conclusion Bioaugmetation is an effective way for bioremediation ofsoil.     

支气管哮喘代谢性酸中毒的探讨

本文研究了31例哮喘住院病人的动脉血气及酸碱紊乱情况。结果表明,约41.9％(13/31)病人发生呼碱。32.3％发生代酸,16.1％发生代酸及9.7％发生呼酸;这些酸碱紊乱多混合存在,以呼碱+代酸出现率最高(8/31)。代酸者紫绀发生率明显高于非代酸者,PaO_2也较低(P<0.05)。心率及紫绀能够反映病人代酸发生情况。我们认为代酸在哮喘病人中并不罕见,可能与多种原因引起的乳酸中毒有关。     

Recovery of Aniline from Wastewater by Nitrobenzene Extraction Enhanced with Salting-Out Effect

Objective Nitrobenzene extraction enhanced by salting-out effect was employed to recover aniline from wastewater at 25 ℃. Method Batchwise experiments were conducted to elucidate the influence of various operating variables on the extracting performance, including acidity of wastewater, initial aniline concentration, ratios of solvent to wastewater, extraction stages, concentrations and different types of inorganic salts, such as NaCl, KCI, Na2SO4, CaCl2 and K29O4. Results Nitrobenzene with a concentration of 20% and a pH value of 9.1 at the temperature of 25 ℃ together with NaCl of a concentration of 14 wt.% realized nearly 100% aniline recovery at the fifth stage of wastewater treatment. Conclusions High pH values and volume ratios of nitrobenzene/wastewater are more suitable for recovery of aniline. In addition, recovery of aniline is significantly elevated with increase of the concentration of salts, whose promoting effects are in the following order： NaCI〉Na2SO4〉K2SO4〉CaC12〉KCI on the weight basis of wastewater. Furthermore, aniline in wastewater can be almost completely recovered by five-stage sequential nitrobenzene extraction, which is promoted continuously by the salting-out effect.     

苄普地尔衍生物的合成

目的合成苄普地尔衍生物。方法以异丙醇、环氧氯丙烷、哌啶为起始原料,反应中间体经二氯亚砜氯化后,与取代苯胺等缩合得到目标化合物。结果设计并合成了6个苄普地尔衍生物。结论6个衍生物均经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱确证结构。     

Biodegradation characteristics of environmental endocrine disruptor di-n-butyl phthalate

The biodegradation characteristics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, were studied by the method of dominant bacteria and immobilized microorganisms. Methods Taking DBP as the only carbon source to acclimatize the collected activated sludge, the concentration of DBP increased progressively in the process of acclimatization. Plate streaking was used to separate 1 strain of the degradation dominant bacteria after acclimatization. Better conditions to degrade DBP by the bacterium could be obtained through orthogonal experiments and the bacterium was identified. Then the acclimated activated sludge was made to immobilize the microorganism using polyvinyl alcohol as entrapment agent. The immobilized microorganism degraded DBP at different conditions. Results The appropriate conditions to degrade DBP by the dominant bacteria were: degradation time, 32 h; DBP concentration, 200 mg/L; rate of shaking incubator, 100 r/min; pH, 7 and temperature, 30℃. DBP could be degraded by more than 95% under such conditions. The bacteria were identified as pseudomonas. The proliferated immobilized microorganisms degraded DBP more effectively and more adapted to temperature and pH than the free acclimated activated sludge. Conclusion One strain of DBP degradation dominant bacteria was separated from the acclimatized activated sludge. It could grow with DBP as the only carbon source and energy, and degraded DBP effectively. After having been immobilized and proliferated, the dominant bacteria could keep a higher biological activity and degrade DBP more effectively than activated sludge.     

32P放射性活度对32P-磷酸铬-聚L-乳酸缓释粒子降解特性影响的初步研究

目的:探讨不同放射性比活度32P对32P-磷酸铬-聚L-乳酸[32P-chromic phosphate-poly(L-lactide),32P-CP-PLLA]缓释粒子体内外溶蚀降解?放射性释出特性的影响?方法:将放射性比活度呈倍比增加的32P-CP-PLLA缓释粒子(记为S1-5)分别置于胎牛血清?生理盐水和右旋糖酐中(分别记为X?Y?Z组),另取S1-5型32P-CP-PLLA粒子分别植入肝癌HepG2实体瘤内,分别测定不同时间点粒子溶蚀降解失重率?放射性释出率及电镜下超微结构变化?结果:在胎牛血清(无菌环境下)?生理盐水及右旋糖酐中,相同时间点S1-5粒子放射性释出率增加,以32 d及其以后尤为显著,且相同时间点粒子放射性释出率增加呈一定的倍数关系;粒子肝癌内植入后,粒子降解失重率和放射性释出率随粒子放射性活度增加呈一致性增加,随时间变化的趋势同体外实验;胎牛血清(一般环境)中,粒子放射性释出较体内外其它组均快,差异以64 d显著,电镜下可见粒子内菌体存在?结论:32P作为一种纯β射线发射体,可能是32P-CP-PLLA粒子体内外降解和放射性释出的主要调节因素,而细菌或相关产物可能也是影响其降解的因素之一?