多功能X线头颅投照尺的研制及临床应用

在X线摄影中，曝光条件固然重要，但是，一些摄影辅助工具也是必不可少的，为了进一步提高摄影工效和照片质量，我们在总结头颅各部位投照特点的基础上，围绕头颅偏转角度、各径线的测量问题，研制成多功能X线头颅投照尺并将其应用到临床X线头颅摄影中，取得了良好的效果。现介绍如下：     

X线摄影技能操作考试方法及评价标准的探讨

X线摄影技术是一门实践性非常强的课程。只有在教学中注重学生理论基础知识学习的同时，不断提高X线摄影技术实际操作水平，使两者有机地结合，才能培养出高素质实用型人才。     

计算机X线成像的临床应用价值

目的探讨计算机X线成像的临床应用价值。方法采用柯达公司生产的Direct View CR800型计算机X线成像系统，与该公司生产的Dry View 8200型干式激光相机以及国产X线摄影机配套工作，处理全科每d除胸片、消化道造影外的所有X线摄影检查。结果柯达Direct View CR800型计算机X线成像系统在3a多的临床使用中一直运转良好，所产生的数字式图像清晰度、对比度均优良。结论计算机X线成像系统使用方便，其影像质量比普通X线摄影好，提供的信息比普通X线摄影多。     

X线数字化成像技术的应用价值

伴随着数字化成像技术在医学影像学领域的广泛发展，X线摄影这一起步最早的影像技术。今天终于步入了数字化的轨道。X线摄影是临床医师获得病人检查信息来源的重要方面，而数字化X线摄影则为疾病的诊断迈向一个新台阶。数字化X线摄影的分类大致分为两种．按探测器的成像方式来分：可分为线扫描和面扫描成像法；按X线摄影图像转换的方式来分：又可分为直接数字摄影和间接数字摄影。目前大都流行第二种分法，现按第二种分类方式分别简述它们的原理、特点及应用。     

乳腺X线摄影投照体位和压迫技术的应用及质量控制

迅速普及的乳腺钼靶X线摄影成像技术可以大大提高早期乳腺癌的检出率，从而降低乳腺癌的死亡率，这种成像技术的效用和成功取决于一份高质量的摄影照片的恒定产生．投照体位的选择和乳房压迫技术是获取高质量乳腺摄影照片的最重要因素。在现有乳腺X线成像设备的基础上，掌握和控制乳腺X线摄影中乳腺投照位置、压迫技术的技术要点是提高临床影像质量、提高X线乳腺检查利用率的前提和关键。作者结合实际工作中频繁实用的实施要点及传统的质量控制要求，作如下阐述。     

CR摄影特点及影像质量控制

计算机X线摄影——CR(Computed Radiography)技术，是一种新型的数字式成像系统，该系统使用一种能存储S线能量的成像板(IP)代替传统的X线胶片，实现了X线平片数字化，照片清晰度明显优于传统的X线平片，给X线摄影工作带来了极大的方便，提高了诊断水平及工作效率。随着医学影像摄影技术的飞速发展及CR系统的广泛引进和临床应用，医学影像界对CR系统的性能及CR片的影像质量越来越引起重视。     

数字化根尖X线片网络传输3494例质量评价

数字化根尖片X线摄影技术是现代口腔医学影像学中的一项新的方便、快捷、科学的诊断技术，近年来临床应用日渐广泛。我们对3494张数字化根尖X线片经计算机网络传输到医生工作站上的影像进行质量评价，旨在分析数字化根尖片X线摄影技术及其临床应用的价值。     

数字化X线摄影成像技术及其临床应用

本文从计算机X线摄影和直接数字化X线摄影的成像原理及构成方面综述了数字化X线摄影成像技术的现状及其在临床方面的应用。     

CR在床边摄片中的应用

床边摄片是放射科日常工作的一个重要组成部分，是医疗服务以人为本的体现，特别对一些危重病人、术后患者、复合伤及不宜移动的病人带来极大的方便。随着计算机X线摄影技术的应用，使X线影像以直接或间接数字方式输出，尤其是对图像的后处理功能提高了影像的质量。我院引进日本富士GR系统，对于床边摄影的CT片与常规摄影的X线片进行对比评价，效果良好，为临床提供了质量优良的床边影像片，提高了X线利用率，突出感兴趣的诊断信息，提高了临床的应用价值。现就我们采用CR系统进行床边摄影的一些体会，总结如下。     

计算机X线摄影在临床中的应用

目前交通事故及意外伤害较多，在处理伤害评定过程中，普通X线摄影在医疗鉴定中起到很大作用，但远远达不到临床所需，如一些细小骨折，X线摄影不能完全确定，腰椎楔形样变不能完全确定是否为外伤所致压缩性骨折。计算机X线摄影（CR）以其比较完善的后处理功能，使其住细微骨折方面能够得到更为理想的影像效果。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…