苯巴比妥诱导对普罗帕酮体外Ⅰ相代谢的立体选择性影响

目的:观察苯巴比妥对S(+)-和R(-)-普罗帕酮(PPF)体外Ⅰ相代谢有无立体选择性的影响.方法:将消旋普罗帕酮与对照或苯巴比妥诱导的大鼠肝微粒体孵育后,采用手性衍生化反相高效液相色谱法,测定对映体的经时孵育曲线和酶动力学参数(最大反应速度、米氏常数、内在清除率).结果:在对照大鼠肝微粒体中,PPF的Ⅰ相代谢无立体选择性.经苯巴比妥诱导处理后,在5 mg/L底物浓度时R(-)-PPF的代谢快于S(+)-PPF,两对映体的米氏常数和内在清除率有显著性差异.结论:苯巴比妥选择性地诱导了大鼠肝微粒体对PPF的Ⅰ相代谢.     

苯巴比妥诱导对普萘洛尔对映体的体外葡醛酸缀合反应立体选择性的影响

目的：探讨苯巴比妥诱导作用对鼠肝微粒体的体外葡醛酸结合反应立体选择性的影响。方法：用空白对照微粒体和垃苯巴比妥(PB)诱导的微粒体作酶源,用UDPGA启动葡醛酸结合反应,RP-HPLC法测定温育液中底物的浓度,观察苯巴比妥诱导作用对普摹洛尔对映体葡醛酸结合反应的立体选择性的彰响。结果：普萘洛尔R( )和S(-)两种对映体在两种鼠肝微粒体的体外孵育葡醛酸缀合代谢中,酶与底物亲和力、最大反应速度和内在清除率均表现出立体选择性。在酶与底物的亲和性和Clint参数方面,S(-)为优势对映体。诱导剂PB的处理使酶与S(-)对映体的亲和力和最大反应速度均显著增强,与R( )对映体的最大反应速度显著增强,但酶与R( )对映体的亲和力无显著变化,S(-)对映体的CUm值显著下降,而R( )对映体的Clint值则显著增大。酶源对普蓁洛尔对映体的葡萄糖醛酸化清除能力以S(-)型为优势对映体。结论：PB的诱导使鼠肝微粒体立体选择性差异缩小,但未改变其顺序,仍以S(-)型对映体占优势。     

氧氟沙星I相代谢的立体选择性

目的：测定Ｓ－（－ ）－和Ｒ－（＋ ）－氧氟沙星（ＯＦＬＸ）体外Ｉ相代谢的立体选择性。方法：分别将Ｓ－（－ ）－和Ｒ－（＋ ）－ＯＦＬＸ与大鼠肝微粒体孵育后,采用反相高效液相色谱方法,测定代谢物随反应时间的生成曲线和酶动力学参数（最大反应速度、米氏常数,清除率）。结果：Ｓ－（－ ）－ＯＦＬＸ代谢物的生成量和生成速度均大于Ｒ－（＋ ）－ＯＦＬＸ,两对映体的酶动力学参数也有显著差异。结论：Ｓ－（－ ）－ＯＦＬＸ和Ｒ－（＋ ）－ＯＦＬＸ在大鼠肝微粒体中的Ｉ相代谢具有立体选择性。     

细胞色素P—450对β—阻滞剂类药物代谢物与鼠肝微粒体大分子形成络合物的选择作用

目的：探讨不同来源鼠肝微粒体对β-阻滞剂类药物代谢形成络合物的选择能力和可能机制。方法：将经β-萘黄酮（BNF）、苯巴比妥（PB）、地塞米松（DEX）、普萘洛尔（PROP）、阿替洛尔（ATE）5种药物处理的鼠肝微粒体及对照组微粒分别与β-阻滞剂类的药物共孵育,测定孵育后代谢络合物形成的差示光谱。结果：与对照组相比,经PROP处理的鼠肝微粒体降低PROP代谢络合物形成,但增加美托洛尔（METO）代谢络合物形成;PB抑制PROP代谢;而BNF诱导METO代谢。S-PROP在不同微粒体中形成络合物能力较R-PROP强。结论：细胞色素P-450亚族地不同β-阻滞剂类药物或其对映体形成代谢络合物具有选择性作用。     

苯巴比妥诱导对普萘洛尔对映体葡醛酸化立体选择性的影响

目的:以空白及苯巴比妥(PB)诱导的大鼠肝微粒体作为代谢反应酶源,研究R-( )及S-(-)-普萘洛尔体外葡醛酸化反应的立体选择性,考察酶动力学特性和对映体之间的代谢性相互影响.方法:采用体外孵育法进行底物葡醛酸化反应,高效液相色谱法分离测定普萘洛尔2种对映体葡醛酸化代谢产物.结果:空白及诱导组中,各种浓度下均以R-( )-普萘洛尔为优代谢对映体;与空白组相比,PB诱导组中R-( )、S-(-)-普萘洛尔的最大反应速度均显著增强(P<0.01);R-( )-普萘洛尔与酶的亲和力显著增强(P<0.01),S-(-)-普萘洛尔与酶的亲和力显著降低(P<0.05).结论:普萘洛尔2种对映体葡醛酸结合反应呈立体选择性;2种对映体间在高底物浓度时存在代谢抑制作用.     

普萘洛尔在人肝细胞色素P450转基因细胞中的立体选择性测定

目的：建立一种手性色谱法，用于普萘洛尔经人肝细胞色素P450特基因细胞S9代谢的立体选择性研究。方法：以S—( )—普罗帕酮为内标，用柱前GITC手性衍生化反相高效液相色谱法测定普萘洛尔对映体在S9孵育液中的浓度。结果：5—(-)—普萘洛尔、内标及R—( )—普萘洛尔获基线分离。在5—500μmol/L／L范围内线性良好。定量限5μmol/L／L(22＝5，RSD＜10％)。S—(-)—和R—( )—普萘洛尔的平均回收率分别为98．7％和98．1％。日内、日间精密度均小于10％。经时孵育试验表明，普萘洛尔经CYP2Cl8有S—(-)—体优先代谢的立体选择性，而经CYP2C9有R—( )—体优先代谢的立体选择性。结论：该法简便、准确、重现性好、专属性强，可以用于普萘洛尔体外代谢的立体选择性研究。     

HPLC-MS/MS法研究普萘洛尔对映体在不同种属肝微粒体中的代谢差异

  目的  采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）建立R-（+）-普萘洛尔和S-（-）-普萘洛尔在肝微粒体孵育体系中的含量测定方法,并分别比较普萘洛尔不同对映体在大鼠、犬、猴以及人4种肝微粒体中的代谢特征。  方法  分别将R-（+）-普萘洛尔和S-（-）-普萘洛尔溶解在由烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）启动孵育的不同种属的肝微粒体中,在孵育不同的时间后加入乙腈终止反应。使用电喷雾离子源（ESI）,以卡维地洛为内标,在多反应监测模式（MRM）下进行正离子扫描,分别测定各孵育体系中R-（+）-普萘洛尔和S-（-）-普萘洛尔的浓度。以孵育0 min时不同构型的普萘洛尔的质量浓度为参照,分别计算R-（+）-普萘洛尔和S-（-）-普萘洛尔在不同肝微粒体样品中的药物剩余百分比和体外代谢半衰期和固有清除率。  结果  普萘洛尔的线性范围为0.05～10.00 μg/mL,定量下限为0.05 μg/mL;日内、日间精密度的RSD%均小于13%。在4个种属的肝微粒体孵育体系中,R-（+）-普萘洛尔在大鼠肝微粒体中代谢快,在猴肝微粒体中次之,在犬和人肝微粒体中代谢慢,体外消除半衰期依次为大鼠 < 猴 < 犬 < 人;而S-（-）-普萘洛尔则是在大鼠和犬肝微粒体中代谢快,在猴和人肝微粒体中代谢慢,体外消除半衰期依次为大鼠 < 犬 < 猴 < 人。在大鼠、犬和猴肝微粒体中,R构型普萘洛尔的t_1/2均大于S构型,CL_int小于S构型,但在人肝微粒体中却刚好相反。采用单因素方差分析,R-（+）-普萘洛尔和S-（-）-普萘洛尔在4种肝微粒体中的体外代谢半衰期t_1/2和固有清除率CL_int均具有显著性差异（P < 0.05）。  结论  建立的HPLC-MS/MS法具有简单、快速、准确的特点,可用于肝微粒体中普萘洛尔对映体质量浓度的测定。不同构型的普萘洛尔在大鼠、犬、猴和人4种肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性有显著差异。     

普罗帕酮立体选择性研究及临床意义

大多数人工合成的手性药物临床使用其消旋体(两种旋光对映体50-50比例的混合物)。两种对映体由于几何构型不同,其药动学及药效学特点可有差别,即表现出立体选择性(Stereoselectivity)［1］。普罗帕酮(Propafenone,心律平)为Ic类抗心律失常药,临床主要用于室上性、室性心动过速、预激综合症伴快速房颤、以及伴有心肌梗塞的心律常患者。普罗帕酮临床以消旋体供药,但近年来研究发现,其两对映体即(R)-和(S)-普罗帕酮药动及药效学特点表现立体选择性,且二者间存在相互作用。本文就此作一综述。1 普罗帕酮药动学的立体选择性普罗帕酮在人…     

盐酸雷诺嗪在大鼠肝微粒体内代谢的性别差异

目的：用大鼠肝微粒体研究盐酸雷诺嗪代谢的性别差异及选择性CYP抑制剂对其代谢的影响。方法：盐酸雷诺嗪分别与雌性或雄性大鼠的肝微粒体温孵，抑制试验是在微粒体中先加入选择性抑制刑温孵30min后，再加入盐酸雷诺嗪温孵。温孵后的样品中加入内标咖啡因，碱化后乙醚提取，取上清液水浴挥干，流动相溶解后采用梯度洗脱进行HPLC测定。结果：盐酸雷诺嗪在大鼠肝微粒体内被迅速代谢为6个Ⅰ相代谢产物，雄性大鼠微粒体酶的代谢能力强于雌性大鼠。CYP3A特异性抑制剂酮康唑（Ket）、CYP1A2特异性抑制剂α-萘磺酮（α-Naph）和CYP2D2特异性抑制剂奎尼丁（Qui）可以明显地抑制肝微粒体中盐酸雷诺嗪的代谢，其中Ket的抑制能力最强；而二乙二硫氨基甲酸酯（DDC）和磺胺苯吡唑（Sul）对盐酸雷诺嗪的代谢无明显影响。结论：研究提示盐酸雷诺嗪在雌雄大鼠肝微粒体内的代谢有极其显著性差异，其主要原因是CYP3A酶在大鼠肝微粒体中具有性别差异性。     

依普黄酮体外代谢性药物相互作用研究

目的:研究依普黄酮与常用心血管类药物、激素类药物等在细胞色素P450酶介导的代谢过程中的相互作用.方法:以β-萘黄酮诱导的大鼠肝微粒体为酶源,将依普黄酮与普罗帕酮或雌二醇等共孵育,用HPLC法测定孵育液中剩余底物浓度,观察依普黄酮与这些药物在体外代谢中的相互影响.结果:①与未加入依普黄酮相比较,10 μg/ml普罗帕酮与50 μg/ml依普黄酮共孵育后,普罗帕酮的代谢受到抑制,差异均有显著性(P<0.01),而10 μg/ml雌二醇与10 μg/ml或100 μg/ml依普黄酮共孵育后,雌二醇的代谢几无影响(P＞0.05).②与未加入其它药物相比较,20 μg/ml的依普黄酮分别与0.5 μg/ml的普奈洛尔或0.5 μg/ml的普罗帕酮或5.0 μg/ml的雌二醇共孵育后,依普黄酮的代谢受到不同程度的抑制,差异均有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.02).结论:依普黄酮与普罗帕酮之间代谢互受影响,而与雌二醇之间的相互作用程度较低.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

A preliminary screening study on the associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technologies

Objective：To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods：Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results ：Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion：The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.     

A CASE OF HUGE GASTRIC DISOPYROBEZOAR

PYTOBEZOARS are common bezoars in gastrontestinal tract, commonly seen in stomach and mall intestine,1but huge disopyrobezoars are     

Acupuncture Treatment of Chest Bi Syndrome

CASE HISTORY A male,a retired officer of 61 years old,paid his first visit on May 12,2006.The patient stated that 2 weeks before he suddenly got paroxysmal precordial choking pain,with irregular attacks.Each attack would last several seconds to several minutes.The attack was accompanied with heavy oppressed sensation in the precordial region,palpitation,lassitude,and in severe cases,sweating,which was once diagnosed by a hospital as'coronary heart disease'.Recalling the case history,the patient said that several days before he got angry with others because of some affairs in work,and he was not so used to the life pattern since he had just retired from his busy working post.At usual times,he was quick tempered and peevish.In recent days,he had poor appetite,and loose stool.     

Instructions to Contributors

The English edition of Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine is edited and published by the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press.Original scientific papers of advanced clinical and experimental medicine in the field of complementary/alternative medicine or integrative medicine are expected.     

Development Is A High Level Inheritance for China Time-honored Brand Products

<正>As culture is the soul of a nation,the three books,"History of Chinese Philosophy,""History of Chinese Culture"and"History of Chinese Science and Technology"have demonstrated the superiority of our great Chinese culture,and its significant impact in the field of international culture.Both core value and practical value of the Chinese culture are very clear,reflected in the views of universe,nature,life,health,disease,and therapy and related considerations,concepts,and technical methods.