Shikani Optical Stylet–guided Intubation via the Intubating Laryngeal Airway in Patients With Scar Contracture of the Face and Neck简

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of the Shikani Optical Stylet （SOS）-guided inmbation through a new Intubafing Laryngeal Airway （ILA） in anticipated difficult airways caused by scar contracture of the face and neck. Methods Thirty-three adult patients with anticipated difficult airways undergoing selective faciocervical scar plastic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. After anesthesia induction, a size 2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 ILA was inserted. Following good lung ventilation being verified, the SOS preloaded with an endotracheal tube was inserted via the ILA. Once the clear vocal cords came into view under the SOS, the endotracheal tube was advanced through glottis into the trachea. Results The ILA provided an effective airway in all patients, lntubation was successful at the first attempt on 22/33 （66.7%） occasions and at the second attempt on 6/33 （18.2%）. Intubation failed in 5 （15.1%） patients who suffered from severe limitation of head extension due to scar contracture of the neck. These patients＇ tracheas were finally intubated using a fibreoptic bronchoscope via the ILA. Conclusions The SOS-guided intubating method via the ILA is a feasible technique in patients with scar contracture of the face and neck. However, in patients with severe limitation of head extension, the use of SOS cannot be recommended. The SOS can be used as an alternative apparatus when the fibreoptic bronchoscope is not available.     

Clinical assessment of awake endotracheal intubation using the lightwand technique alone in patients with difficult airways

Background There is few study to determine whether the use of the lightwand technique alone could achieve effective, safe and successful awake endotracheal intubation （ETI）, therefore we designed a prospective clinical study to systematically evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of awake ETI using the lightwand alone in patients with difficult airways.
Methods Seventy adult patients with difficult airways were enrolled in this study. After the desired sedation with fentanyl and midazolam, airway topical anesthesia was performed with 9 ml of 2% lidocaine, which were in order sprayed in three aliquots at 5 minutes intervals into the supraglottic （two doses） and laryngotracheal areas （one dose） using a combined unit of the lightwand and MADgic atomizer. After airway topical anesthesia, awake ETI was performed using a Lightwand. Subjective assessments by patients and operators using the visual analogue scores （VAS）, and objective assessments by an independent investigator using patients＇ tolerance and reaction scores, coughing severity, intubating conditions and cardiovascular variables were taken as the observed parameters.
Results Of 210 airway sprays, 197 （93.8%） were successfully completed on the first attempt. The total time for airway spray was （14.6±1.5） minutes. During airway topical anesthesia, the average patients＇ tolerance scores were 1.7-2.3. After airway topical anesthesia, the mean VAS for discomfort levels that the patients reported was 6.5. Also airway topical anesthesia procedure was rated as acceptable and no discomfort by 94.3% of patients. The lightwand-guided awake ETI was successfully completed on first attempt within 29 seconds in all patients. During awake ETI, patients＇ reaction and coughing scores were 1.9 and 1.6, respectively. All patients exhibited excellent or acceptable intubating conditions. Cardiovascular monitoring revealed that changes of systolic blood pressure and heart rate at each stage of airway manipulations were less than 20% of baseline values. The postoperative follow-up showed that 95.7% of patients had no recall or slight memories of all airway instrumentation. The incidence of postoperative mild airway complications was 38.6%.
Conclusion Alone use of the lightwand technique can achieve effective, safe and successful awake ETI in patients with difficult airways.     

Comparative study of hemodynamic responses to orotra- cheal intubation with intubating laryngeal mask airway

Background Intubating laryngeal mask airway （ILMA） offers a new approach for orotracheal intubation and is expected to produce less cardiovascular stress responses. However, the available studies provide inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there is a clinically relevant difference in hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation by using ILMA and direct laryngoscope （DLS）. Methods A total of 53 adult patients, ASA physical status I-II, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring the orotracheal intubation, were randomly allocated to either DLS or ILMA groups. After a standard intravenous anesthesia induction, orotracheal intubation was performed. Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before （baseline values） and after anesthesia induction （post-induction values）, at intubation and every minute for the first 5 minutes after intubation. The data were analyzed using Chisquare test, paired and unpaired Student＇s t test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance as appropriate. Results The mean intubation time in the ILMA group was longer than that in the DLS group （P〈0.05）. The blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly after intubation in the two groups compared to the postinduction values （P〈0.05）, but the maximum value of blood pressure during the observation did not exceed the baseline value, while the maximum value of heart rate was higher than the baseline （P〈0.05）. During the observation, there were no significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate among each time point and in the maximum values between the two groups. Conclusions Orotracheal intubations by using ILMA and DLS produce similar hemodynamic response. ILMA has no advantage in attenuating the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation compared with DLS.     

Comparison of hemodynamic changes after endotracheal intubation by using the lighted stylet and the laryngoscope in patients

Objective To compared the effects of the lighted stylet technique on hemodynamic responses, time- to- intubation, number of attempts, and complications during tracheal intubation with those of direct- vision laryngoscopy in patients. Methods Forty patients were randomly assigned to one of the following two groups: 1) patients intubated by using the laryngoscope (A group, n = 20); 2) patients intubated by using the lighted stylet( B group, n= 20). Lighted styletor laryngoscopic oral endotracheal in- tubation was performed after the induction of anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol and muscle relaxation. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded, and the change from "be- fore intubation"to "immediately after intubation"in each variable was calculated. Results In two groups , SBP and DBP were significantly decreased from the baseline level by the induction of anesthesia (P< 0.05). In Bgroup, SBP and DBP were increased transiently to the level of baseline by intubation. Heart rate (HR) increased transiently after intubation in both A and B groups. Significantly higher changes from "before intubation"to "immediately after intubation"in SBP were observed in the A group compared with the B group (P<0.05). Values of SBP and DBP were significantly greater in the A group than in the B group, respectively, in immediately after tracheal intubation and 1min after tracheal intubation . Conclu- sions We conclude that the lighted stylet technique required significantly a longer time to intubation than the laryngoscopic technique in patients. However, the lighted style ttechnique significantly attenuated hemodynamic changes tointubation in comparison with the laryngoscopic technique in patients.     

Differential effects of controlled hypotension on gastric intramucosal pH and post-operational gastrointestinal functional under two different anesthesia methods

Objective： To observe the effects of controlled hypotension on gastric intrarnucosal pH and post-operational gastrointestinal functions using two specific anesthesia methods. Methods： Thirty patients（ASA II ）scheduled for ectomy of hepatocarcinoma, were randomly assigned to two groups： epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia group（E group） and inhalation anesthesia group（G group）. Gastric PgCO2 and phi were monitored at different time points, before theintravenous induction of controlled hypotension, after 1 h and 2 h, and 1 h after the termination of controlled hypotension. In the meanwhile, the artery blood gas was analyzed. Results： There was no significant difference in blood gas indexes between E group and G group. However, phi decreased significantly after I h and 2 h of controlled hypotension（P 〈 0.05）, and during the same periods PgCO2 increased significantly（P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, the time of bowel movement and defecating deferred significantly shorter in G group patients, when compared with E group patients. Conclusion： Epidural block in combination with general anesthesia can improve gastrointestinal blood flow during controlled hypotension and facilitates post-operational recovery of gastrointestinal functions.     

Total intravenous general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway for transurethral resection of bladder tumor

Objective： To observe the advantage of total intravenous anesthesia for transurethral resection of bladder tumor （TURBT）. Methods.. Sixty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing TURBT were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Spinal anesthesia with 0. 75% pure bupivacaine （8-12 rag） was applied to patients in Group Ⅰ （n= 30）. Patients in Group Ⅱ （n=30） received total intravenous anesthesia with continuous infusion of Propofol and Remifentanil ; and a laryngeal mask was used to ensure the airway and ventilation. BP, HR, SPO2 and pertinent side effects were monitored and recorded. Results ： The patients in group Ⅱ experienced more stable hemodynamics than those in group Ⅰ . Obturator nerve reflex was observed in 15 （50. 0%） patients in Group Ⅰ , but none （0%） in Group Ⅱ （P〈0. 01）. Conclusion.. Total intravenous anesthesia with laryngeal mask is a safe, reliable, controllable and simple manual for patient undergoing TURBT.     

Comparison of remifentanil and fentanyl in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy or total hysterectomy

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of remifentanil and fentanyl in patients undergoing a modified radical mastectomy or total hysterectomy.Methods Fifty-four patients were evenly randomised into remifentanil group and fentanyl group. Anesthesia was induced by propofol (1-2 mg/kg) and either remifentanil (2 μg/kg) or fentanyl (2.5 μg/kg), and was maintained with inhalation of nitrous oxide in oxygen (2∶1) and continuous infusion of either remifentanil (0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1) or fentanyl (0.03 μg·kg-1·min-1). Results The number of patients exhibiting light anesthesia responses in the remifentanil group during intubation and the maintenance of anesthesia was significantly less than that in the fentanyl group. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the fentanyl group were significantly higher than those in the remifentanil group during intubation, skin incision, maintenance of anesthesia and extubation. The time to opening eyes on command and the time for extubation after surgery was comparable between the two groups. More patients in the remifentanil group (25 patients) required bolus injection of morphine for postoperative pain relief than those in the fentanyl group (5 patients, P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of side effects.Conclusions Under the condition of this study protocol, the anesthetic and analgesic effects of remifentanil are more potent than those of fentanyl. Remifentanil can offer superior intraoperative hemodynamic stability in comparison with fentanyl, and has no compromising recovery from anesthesia.     

Median effective dose of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intubation

Background Awake intubation requires an anesthetic management that provides sufficient patient safety and comfort, adequate intubating conditions, and stable hemodynamics. In this prospective clinical study, our aim was to determine the median effective dose （ED50） of remifentanil in combination with midazolam and airway topical anesthesia for awake laryngoscopy and intubation. Methods Thirty-six female adult patients, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were included in this study. Ten minutes after intravenous administration of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg, patients were assigned to receive remifentanil in bolus, followed by a continuous infusion. The bolus dose and infusion rate of remifentanil were adjusted by a modified Dixon＇s up-and-down method. Patient＇s reaction score at laryngoscopy and an Observer＇s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale （OAA/S） were used to determine whether the remifentanil dosage regimen was accepted. During laryngoscopy, 2% lidocaine was sprayed into the airway to provide the topical anesthesia. ED50 of remifentanil was calculated by the modified Dixon up-and-down method, and the probit analysis was then used to confirm the results obtained from the modified Dixon＇s up-and-down method. In the patients who were scored as ＂accept＂, patient＇s OAA/S and reactJon scores at dJfferent observed points, JntubatJng conditJon score and patient＇s tolerance to the endotracheal tube after intubation were evaluated and recorded. Blood pressure and heart rate at different measuring points were also noted. Results ED50 of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intubation obtained by the modified Dixon＇s up-and-down method was （0.62±0.02） μg/kg. Using probit analysis, ED50 and ED95 of remifentanil were 0.63 μg/kg （95% CI, 0.54-0.70） and 0.83 μg/kg （95% CI, 0.73-2.59）, respectively. Nineteen patients who were scored as ＂accept＂ had an OAA/S of 〉15 and tolerated well laryngoscopy without significant discomfort or gagging. The mean intubating condition score was 1.8±0.8. The endotracheal tube was well tolerated. During awake laryngoscopy and intubation, blood pressure and heart rate were also kept stable. The postoperative follow up showed that no patient recalled discomfort and pain for airway manipulation. Conclusions When combined with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and airway topical anesthesia, ED50 of remifentanil for successful awake laryngoscopy and Jntubation is 0.62 μg/kg in bolus followed by continuous infusJon of 0.062 μg·kg·min^-1. This sedation and analgesia regimen can provide patient safety and comfort, ensure adequate intubating conditions, maintain hemodynamic stability, and prevent negative recall of the airway procedure.     

Median effective dose of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intudation

Background Awake intubation requires an anesthetic management that provides sufficient patient safety and comfort, adequate intubating conditions, and stable hemodynamics. In this prospective clinical study, our aim was to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of remifentanil in combination with midazolam and airway topical anesthesia for awake laryngoscopy and intubation.Methods Thirty-six female adult patients, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were included in this study. Ten minutes after intravenous administration of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg, patients were assigned to receive remifentanil in bolus, followed by a continuous infusion. The bolus dose and infusion rate of remifentanil were adjusted by a modified Dixon's up-and-down method. Patient's reaction score at laryngoscopy and an Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S) were used to determine whether the remifentanil dosage regimen was accepted. During laryngoscopy, 2% lidocaine was sprayed into the airway to provide the topical anesthesia. EDso of remifentanil was calculated by the modified Dixon up-and-clown method, and the probit analysis was then used to confirm the results obtained from the modified Dixon's up-and-down method. In the patients who were scored as "accept", patient's OAA/S and reaction scores at different observed points, intubating condition score and patient's tolerance to the endotracheal tube after intubation were evaluated and recorded. Blood pressure and heart rate at different measuring points were also noted.Results ED50 of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intubation obtained by the modified Dixon's up-and-down method was (0.62±0.02) pg/kg. Using probit analysis, ED50 and ED95 of remifentanil were 0.63 μg/kg (95% Cl, 0.54-0.70) and 0.83 μg/kg (95% Cl, 0.73-2.59), respectively. Nineteen patients who were scored as =accept" had an OAA/S of 15 and tolerated well laryngoscopy without significant discomfort or gagging. The mean intubating condition score was1.8±0.8. The endotracheal tube was well tolerated. During awake laryngoscopy and intubation, blood pressure and heartrate were also kept stable. The postoperative follow up showed that no patient recalled discomfort and pain for airway manipulation.Conclusions When combined with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and airway topical anesthesia, ED50 of remifentanil for successful awake laryngoscopy and intubation is 0.62 μg/kg in bolus followed by continuous infusion of 0.062 pg.kg-1.min-1. This sedation and analgesia regimen can provide patient safety and comfort, ensure adequate intubating conditions, maintain hemodynamic stability, and prevent negative recall of the airway procedure.     

Median effective dose of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intudation

Background Awake intubation requires an anesthetic management that provides sufficient patient safety and comfort, adequate intubating conditions, and stable hemodynamics. In this prospective clinical study, our aim was to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of remifentanil in combination with midazolam and airway topical anesthesia for awake laryngoscopy and intubation.Methods Thirty-six female adult patients, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were included in this study. Ten minutes after intravenous administration of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg, patients were assigned to receive remifentanil in bolus, followed by a continuous infusion. The bolus dose and infusion rate of remifentanil were adjusted by a modified Dixon's up-and-down method. Patient's reaction score at laryngoscopy and an Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S) were used to determine whether the remifentanil dosage regimen was accepted. During laryngoscopy, 2% lidocaine was sprayed into the airway to provide the topical anesthesia. EDso of remifentanil was calculated by the modified Dixon up-and-clown method, and the probit analysis was then used to confirm the results obtained from the modified Dixon's up-and-down method. In the patients who were scored as "accept", patient's OAA/S and reaction scores at different observed points, intubating condition score and patient's tolerance to the endotracheal tube after intubation were evaluated and recorded. Blood pressure and heart rate at different measuring points were also noted.Results ED50 of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intubation obtained by the modified Dixon's up-and-down method was (0.62±0.02) pg/kg. Using probit analysis, ED50 and ED95 of remifentanil were 0.63 μg/kg (95% Cl, 0.54-0.70) and 0.83 μg/kg (95% Cl, 0.73-2.59), respectively. Nineteen patients who were scored as =accept" had an OAA/S of 15 and tolerated well laryngoscopy without significant discomfort or gagging. The mean intubating condition score was1.8±0.8. The endotracheal tube was well tolerated. During awake laryngoscopy and intubation, blood pressure and heartrate were also kept stable. The postoperative follow up showed that no patient recalled discomfort and pain for airway manipulation.Conclusions When combined with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and airway topical anesthesia, ED50 of remifentanil for successful awake laryngoscopy and intubation is 0.62 μg/kg in bolus followed by continuous infusion of 0.062 pg.kg-1.min-1. This sedation and analgesia regimen can provide patient safety and comfort, ensure adequate intubating conditions, maintain hemodynamic stability, and prevent negative recall of the airway procedure.     

全麻气管插管的教学观察

目的:观察气管插管教学中伴随的问题及术后喉痛及声音嘶哑的发生情况,以期提高气管插管教学的质量。方法:100例全麻手术患者随机分为教学组和医师组,每组50例。记录2组的插管时间、脱氧合发生率和尝试插管次数,并在患者离开麻醉后恢复室时和术后24 h评估患者喉痛和声音嘶哑情况。结果:插管时间、脱氧合发生率和插管次数在教学组均显著高于医师组(P<0.01)。医师组的喉痛视觉模拟评分显著低于教学组(P<0.01),而2组声音嘶哑发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:气管插管教学会延长插管时间并增加插管次数,同时增加气道损伤的概率。     

喉罩技术七氟醚-N2O吸入麻醉和异丙酚-氯胺酮静脉麻醉在小儿斜视矫正术中应用的比较

目的:比较喉罩技术七氟醚-N2O吸入麻醉和异丙酚-氯胺酮静脉麻醉在小儿斜视矫正术中应用的优缺点。方法:80例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级拟在全麻下行斜视矫正术的小儿随机分为异丙酚-氯胺酮全静脉麻醉组(total intra-venous anaesthesia,TIVA group)和喉罩技术七氟醚-N2O吸入麻醉组(sevoflurane-N2O anesthesia w ith laryngeal m askairway,volatile group),每组40例。TIVA组术中不使用气管导管和喉罩,保留自主呼吸,麻醉维持用药为异丙酚5~10 mg/(kg.h)和氯胺酮1~2 mg/(kg.h)持续静脉泵注,异丙酚不与氯胺酮混合。Volatile组使用喉罩维持呼吸道通畅,保留自主呼吸,麻醉维持用药为2%~3%七氟醚-50%N2O-50%O2。记录两组的麻醉质量(术中强手术刺激时摇头肢体活动和SpO2<95%的发生例数)、眼心反射(ocu locard iac reflex,OCR)和术后呕吐(postoperativevom iting,POV)发生例数。结果:Volatile组病人术中摇头肢体活动、SpO2<95%及OCR发生率明显低于TIVA组(P<0.01);但volatile组POV发生率明显高于TIVA组(P<0.01)。结论:与异丙酚-氯胺酮静脉麻醉相比,喉罩技术七氟醚-N2O-O2吸入麻醉能维持术中呼吸道通畅,避免缺氧,保证麻醉质量,眼心反射发生率低,是一优点较多的可用于小儿斜视矫治术的新麻醉方法,但需注意术后呕吐的防治。     

七氟烷麻醉诱导用于口腔手术患者无肌松药气管插管的临床研究

目的：观察七氟烷在口腔手术患者无肌松药麻醉诱导插管中的临床效果。方法：将96例口腔手术的患者（ASAI～Ⅲ级）随机分成对照组（静脉诱导气管插管）和试验组（七氟烷吸入诱导气管插管）。观察诱导插管过程中躁动发生率、插管满意度、不良反应及对循环功能的影响。结果：两组均能顺利完成气管插管,从开始吸入七氟烷到意识消失的时间为（78．9±7．7）s。一次操作插管成功率对照组和试验组分别为93．75％和79．17％（仕：0．011）。试验组发生屏气、轻微呛咳、体动者明显多于对照组（P〈0．05）,麻醉诱导时间也明显延长[（4．96±2：13）minvs（6．92＋3．20）min,P=0．001],但插管过程中保有自主呼吸率为77．08％。试验组插管后即刻MBP和HR较对照组显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论：七氟醚用于口腔科患者麻醉诱导,麻醉深度可控性好,血流动力学较平稳,无严重呼吸道并发症,虽有一定比例躁动但均能顺利完成插管,对于困难气管插管患者是个更好的选择。     

七氟醚及丙泊酚分别复合瑞芬太尼诱导用于纤支镜气管插管比较

目的 比较七氟醚(SEV)与丙泊酚(PRO)复合瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导,用于纤支镜(FOB)气管捕管的效果及血流动力学.方法 24例需择期气管插管全麻手术而预计气道插管无困难患者,随机分为SEV组及PRO组,分别以七氟醚或丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼诱导下行FOB插管.记录诱导期间血压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度,Narcotrend指数(NI)监测麻醉深度,记录意识消失时间、插管时间、插管评分、用药量及不良反应.结果 两组患者意识消失时间、插管时何、插管评分及瑞芬太尼用量差异无显著意义.两组患者均很快入睡,插管成功.两组血压、心率诱导后较诱导前降低,插管后无明显增高,均在正常范围,组间比较无显著差异.两组NI值在诱导后及插管期均较诱导前明显降低,SEV组N1值在插管2min后高于PRO组,其余时间点两组差异无显著意义.两组未见明显不良反应,对插管过程无记忆.结论 七氟醚及丙泊酚分别复合瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导均可用于无全麻诱导禁忌患者FOB气管插管,两种方法诱导迅速,提供满意的插管条件,且血流动力学平稳.     

喉镜显露困难患者实施全身麻醉气管插管

目的评价喉镜显露困难患者在全身麻醉下实施经口气管插管的安全性、有效性和可能性.方法对我院1989年1月～1997年12月间的1 683例喉镜显露困难患者进行观察,全部患者均为美国麻醉医师协会躯体状况分级Ⅰ级、年龄1.5～67岁、在气管插管全身麻醉下实施择期整形外科手术.根据喉镜显露的手术前估计把患者分为两组:Ⅰ组为可见到会厌(喉镜显露分级为Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级),1 375例;Ⅱ组为不能见到会厌(喉镜显露分级为Ⅳ级),308例.Ⅰ组患者麻醉诱导采用硫喷妥钠4～5 mg/kg和琥珀胆碱1 mg/kg,喉镜显露采用改良Macintosh法.Ⅱ组患者麻醉诱导采用全凭静脉麻醉或吸入麻醉,麻醉深度为能够有效抑制喉镜显露引起的呕吐反射,而又不抑制患者的自主呼吸,并采用光导纤维可塑芯硬喉镜进行气管插管操作.在麻醉诱导和气管插管操作过程中,对患者连续监测心电图、血压、心率和脉搏血氧饱和度,观察并记录有无心率失常、呼吸抑制等气管插管并发症;在喉镜显露和气管插管成功后,立即检查患者有无牙齿、唇、舌和口咽部组织损伤等创伤性并发症.结果在Ⅰ组的1 375例患者中,经1次试操作即获得气管插管成功者为1 279例(93.0%),气管插管操作时间短于3 min者为1 304例(94.8%).在308例采用光导纤维可塑芯硬喉镜进行气管插管的Ⅱ组患者中,1次试操作成功者为114例(37.0%),气管插管操作时间短于3 min者为123例(39.9%).在Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患者中,经2～3次试操作获得气管插管成功者分别为96和156例.需要4次和4次以上试操作获得气管插管成功者为38例,并且仅见于Ⅱ组患者.创伤是最常见的气管插管并发症.喉镜显露Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级(Ⅰ组)和Ⅳ级(Ⅱ组)患者创伤性并发症的发生率分别为0.7%、3.9%和14.3%.呼吸抑制等其他并发症仅见于Ⅱ组患者.全部患者的气管插管并发症发生率为6.7%(113/1 683).结论在熟练掌握困难气道管理技术之后,可安全地在全身麻醉下对喉镜显露困难患者进行气管插管处理.     

七氟烷用于困难气道诱导插管的临床观察

目的探讨七氟烷吸入诱导在困难气道诱导插管时的应用。方法观察组20例,拟行七氟烷吸入诱导麻醉实施气管插管;并与对照组8例已在传统清醒表面麻醉下实施气管插管患者进行对比,观察2组患者插管效果、插管麻醉知晓情况及诱导前(T0)、插管前(T1)、插管后即刻(T2)、插管后1 min(T3)、插管后4 min(T4)共5个时间点患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)、脑电双濒指数(BIS)值。结果观察组有12例患者在七氟烷吸入法后气道通畅,其中10例顺利完成气管插管,2例出现插管困难,后置入喉罩;8例患者呼吸道不通畅,后改用纤维支气管镜辅助下完成气管插管;术后随访20例患者对整个插管和麻醉过程均无知晓。对照组有3例患者在清醒表面麻醉下完成气管插管,3例在清醒表面麻醉后因不能耐受插管刺激而使用纤维支气管镜辅助完成插管,2例患者插管失败改用置入喉罩;术后随访8例患者对整个插管过程记忆深刻,内心恐惧,对插管后的麻醉手术过程无知晓。与诱导前相比,观察组T1 HR、MAP、BIS值均显著下降(P<0.05),对照组HR、MAP、BIS值无显著改变(P>0.05)。在T2 2组患者的HR、MAP较T1均有升高(P<0.05),但对照组MAP、HR升高幅度显著高于观察组(P<0.05)。观察组的BIS在T4较T1显著降低(P<0.05)。结论七氟烷吸入诱导全身麻醉用于困难气道处理是一项安全临床麻醉技术,值得推广。     

七氟醚吸入并两种不同的气道管理方式

目的 对比分析七氟醚吸人并喉罩气道管理和七氟醚吸入并气管插管气道管理用于小儿神经系统疾病手术麻醉中的效果及安全性.方法 随机选取神经系统疾病的小儿择期手术患者60例进行回顾性分析,随机分为七氟醚并喉罩置入组(A组),七氟醚并气管插管组(B组),每组各30例.观察并记录术前、术中、术后各项生命体征和血流动力学指标、诱导时...     

非后仰平卧位视频喉镜插管效果的影响因素分析*

目的 分析视频喉镜用于非后仰平卧位气管插管的影响因素,探索提高气道管理质量的方法。 方法 选取2017年6月—2018年3月在遵义医科大学附属医院择期全身麻醉下行腹部手术的患者200例,记录可 能影响气管插管成功与否、插管时间、术后声音嘶哑的因素,包括患者年龄、身高、体重、气管导管角度及操作 者工作年限等一般资料;记录颏甲距离等解剖参数;记录插管时间、手术麻醉时间等手术信息。使用Logistic回归 模型分析首次插管失败及术后声音嘶哑发生的影响因素,并以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线计算气管导管的临界角 度。结果 插管失败组与插管成功组导管角度、颏甲距离及后仰下颌成角比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。 插管时间<30 s组体重、BMI较插管时间≥30 s组低（P <0.05）。发生声音嘶哑组与未发生声音嘶哑组身高、导管角 度比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,颏甲距离［O^R=1.588,（95% CI：1.080, 2.336）］、导管角度［O^R=1.097,（95% CI：1.048,1.148）］ 是首次尝试气管插管失败的影响因素。导管角度 ［O^R=0.916,（95% CI：0.873,0.961）］是气管插管术后声音嘶哑的影响因素。ROC曲线分析显示,导管角度< 78.55°会增加首次插管失败风险;导管角度>84.10°会增加术后声音嘶哑风险。结论 在视频喉镜用于非后仰平卧 位气管插管中,气管导管角度同时影响插管成功率及术后声音嘶哑发生率;其作为术前可控因素,可能存在潜在 最适的气管插管塑性角度。     

SLIPA喉罩全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉在腹腔镜手术中的应用

①目的观察经SLIPA喉罩全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉在腹腔镜手术中的应用效果。②方法 60例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分为SLIPA喉罩组（S组）和气管插管组（E组）,两组均采用全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉,观察并比较两组患者置管前后1分钟和拔管前后1分钟血流动力学变化和气腹前后15分钟的气道峰压、呼气末二氧化碳值的变化,记录患者诱导入睡时间、术毕停药至清醒时间及各种并发症情况。③结果 SLIPA喉罩组置入和拔出喉罩时的血流动力学平稳,气腹前后的气道峰压均较气管插管组低;咽痛者喉罩组远低于气管插管组,其它并发症两组间无明显差异。④结论 SLIPA喉罩全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉应用于腹腔镜手术中的安全、简单和方便。