神经伦理学及其相关问题研究

作为生命伦理学的分支,神经伦理学是一个新兴的研究领域。一方面,探讨神经科学领域内的新技术应用的伦理问题及反思;另一方面,神经伦理学涉及神经科学中产生的新科学知识对传统哲学议题的启发。如,道德的本质是什么？是否有自由意志？文中介绍了神经伦理学的发展,并探讨了脑成像、神经药物增强、脑机接口中的伦理问题以及神经伦理学视角下的道德判断及自由意志问题。     

以旧金山加州大学为例浅谈神经科学博士生培养

目的初步探讨如何培养具有强烈内在驱动力的"专而全"的神经科学博士。方法分析当代神经科学的发展对神经科学博士的要求,我国神经科学博士培养存在的问题,及美国旧金山加州大学的神经科学培养制度。结果我国目前大多数神经科学博士存在内在驱动力不足和知识结构偏窄的缺憾。旧金山加州大学神经科学博士培养中的课程设置、实验室轮转、资格考试和高强度的科学研究等制度有利于上述两点的培养。结论 "以学生为本"和"以学术为本",培养学生对学术的强烈追求感和"专而全"的知识结构,是神经科学博士培养的一个重要方向。     

对神经科学发展的思索

20世纪后半期神经科学的爆炸性发展及其取得的令人瞩目的成果,反映了人类从容应对"认识自身"的挑战中作出的巨大努力和卓越贡献.从现在开始,神经科学中的哪些研究领域会跃居学科的前沿,是人们经常思索的问题.作为一名浸淫于这一学科领域凡四十年的老兵,我不揣谫陋,略陈管见.     

脑成像技术对道德责任判定的挑战

道德责任评判以自由意志的存在为前提,以行动的后果为依据。然而,脑成像技术的发展表明真正的自由意志是不存在的,情感以及记忆在道德判断中扮演了重要角色,有时甚至起决定性作用。因此,自由意志并非道德责任判定的合理前提,行动的直接后果也并非道德责任评判的可靠依据,这给传统道德责任判定提出了极大的挑战。     

浙江省神经科学学会在杭州成立

神经科学是研究脑功能和脑疾病的新型交叉学科,它应用了生命科学、物理科学及信息科学等最新综合手段,成为新世纪最具挑战和机遇的科学研究前沿及制高点,并促进了人工智能、现代信息处理等其相关学科的发展。中国神经科学学会于1995年10月在上海成立,继而,上海、北京等省市成立了二级学会。浙江省神经科学学科建设有着良好的基础,已经拥有多个神经科学或脑科学相关的科研机构和神经内科、神经外科、精神卫生科、麻醉科等神经科学相关临床科室。2012年     

PBL结合双语教学在神经科学教学中的探索与实践

以问题为导向的学习被教育界普遍认为是一种生动有趣的高效率的教学方法,高等教育发展和神经科学的特点与PBL的精髓完全吻合。神经科学是一个飞速发展的学科,要适应时代的发展,走在生物学和医学的前沿必须具有较高的专业英语水平,双语教学是提高学生专业英语水平的一个重要手段。文章介绍PBL和双语教学模式在神经科学教学中的实施方法以及效果评价,并对PBL教学的体会和存在问题进行总结。     

短暂性脑缺血发作的新认识

短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)的概念自从Fisher首先提出至今已有半个世纪.随着神经科学的迅速发展,人们对TIA有了越来越深刻的认识,主要包括病因学、发病机制、临床表现及其与影像学之间的关系.TIA的传统概念已受到巨大的挑战,越来越多的神经科学者认为,原来的概念已不能适应新时代的需要,应当对TIA进行重新定义.为此,包括Albers在内的神经病学家成立了TIA研究组,并于2002年在上提出了TIA的新定义.     

人工智能与神经科学研究主题分析

目的 分析人工智能(AI)与神经科学的研究现状,把握AI与神经科学的研究热点和发展趋势.方法 利用文献计量学方法和VOSviewer 1.6.15可视化软件,分析AI与神经科学的相关文献.结果 共纳入2 078篇文献,最高达到416篇,排名第1位的学科是神经科学,发文量最高的国家是美国,发文量最高的机构是加州大学.研究...     

认知神经科学意识研究的几个哲学问题

从认知神经科学者的角度,介绍意识研究的概况,思考意识的科学研究中所遇到的几个哲学问题.其中主要讨论了还原论、心物问题、主客观问题.     

神经疾病临床研究回顾——透视2008(一)

近年来随着神经科学临床和基础研究水平的不断提高,极大推动了神经系统疾病治疗的发展.2008年大量的相关研究成果有了令人振奋的进展.本文对2008年发表的一些重要相关文献进行回顾,以利从事临床神经科学研究的同行更好了解专业进展.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.