粗苯精制新工艺——催化氯化法

提出了文题的新工艺。在实验室装置中,其适宜的反应条件为:粗苯200ml;水10ml;催化剂5g;温度60℃;时间60min;通氯量60ml/min。所得产物溴价为0.04g/100ml;含氯量为3.01(wt)%。经5升反应釜扩大试验,产物溴价仍为0.04g/100ml。产物经吹苯水解和精馏后,所得苯的溴价、噻吩含量、含氯量均未检出,酸洗比色小于0.2:甲苯的含氯量也未检出,溴价为0.05g/100ml,酸洗比色0.2。该工艺消除了酸焦油和废酸对环境的污染,苯类产品收率提高约3%。得到的苯和甲苯的质量达到硝化级。     

分子蒸馏技术提纯亚油酸的研究

目的研究分子蒸馏技术提纯亚油酸的可行性。方法首次应用分子蒸馏技术对长期存放部分变质的亚油酸原料进行分子蒸馏,并探讨了蒸馏真空度和蒸馏温度对蒸馏效果的影响。采用GC—MS方法测定部分变质的亚油酸原料及蒸馏后重、轻组分的化学成分。结果较好的蒸馏真空度为8Pa,较好的蒸馏温度为120℃。部分变质的亚油酸原料中鉴定出15种成分,亚油酸相对质量分数为59．40％;分子蒸馏的重组分中鉴定了6种成分,亚油酸相对质量分数为62．20％;轻组分中鉴定了15种成分,亚油酸相对质量分数为59．17％。结论分子蒸馏技术可用于精制、纯化亚油酸,效果显著。     

C10馏分中双烯烃分离的研究

以乙烯装置副产C10为原料,采用解聚-精馏分离工艺进行高纯度环戊二烯和甲基环戊二烯的分离试验,并对解聚反应及精馏的工艺条件进行了考察。结果表明,在解聚温度185~190℃,停留时间3.0~4.0 h及适宜的精馏条件下,从C10馏分抽提环戊二烯和甲基环戊二烯的总收率在70%以上,该工艺路线具有良好的产业化开发前景和经济效益。     

植物油作夹带剂对厚朴超临界CO2提取的影响

【目的】观察植物油作夹带剂对厚朴超临界提取效率的影响。【方法】在萃取压力25 mPa、萃取温度35℃、解析压力7.0 mPa、解析温度40℃、萃取时间3 h的工艺条件下进行超临界CO2提取,分别在10、20、30、45、60、90、120、150、180 min收集提取物,以萃取物得率及厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的提取率为指标,考察植物油作夹带剂对厚朴超临界萃取的影响。【结果】加入体积分数10%植物油作为夹带剂,厚朴萃取物得率在前2 h明显高于未加夹带剂工艺,厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的提取率也有提高。【结论】以植物油作夹带剂有利于提高厚朴超临界CO2提取的效率。     

不同产地黑果腺肋花楸果实中总多酚、总黄酮含量测定

目的建立黑果腺肋花楸果实中总多酚、总黄酮的最优提取工艺,并对不同产地黑果腺肋花楸果实中总多酚、总黄酮含量进行测定,为黑果腺肋花楸果实质量评价体系的建立提供依据。方法采用正交优化试验法确定黑果腺肋花楸果实中多酚、黄酮最优提取工艺;对11批黑果腺肋花秋果实多酚提取物采用福林酚试剂法显色,黄酮提取物采用三氯化铝法显色,再以紫外分光光度法测定其总多酚、总黄酮含量。结果本实验确定黑果腺肋花楸果实多酚最优提取方法为即乙醇分数65%,料液比1∶50(g/mL),提取温度50℃,提取时间60 min;黄酮最优提取方法为乙醇分数60%,料液比1∶35(g/mL),提取时间80 min,提取温度55℃。11批黑果腺肋花楸果实中多酚含量为(174.685±1.17)~(190.998±1.56)mg/g,黄酮含量为(0.446±0.42)~(1.363±0.496)mg/g。结论不同产地间黑果腺肋花楸果实总多酚和黄酮含量存在差异,可能与不同生长环境、采收时间等有关。本试验建立的方法简单、易操作、重现性好,适用于黑果腺肋花楸果实中总多酚、总黄酮的提取及含量测定,可为黑果腺肋花楸果实的质量控制提供依据。     

气相色谱法测定丹皮酚原料及片剂的含量

目的:建立气相色谱方法测定丹皮酚原料及片剂的含量.方法:GC内标法,色谱柱为3.2 mm×210 mm玻璃柱,固定相为聚乙二醇(PEG)-20 000,涂布浓度为10%;FID检测器;柱温:200 ℃,进样口温度:250 ℃,检测器温度:250 ℃.结果:丹皮酚浓度在0.243 6～2.436 g/L范围内与峰面积比值呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 9);平均回收率为99.9%(RSD=1.5%,n=9).结论:本方法简便、准确、快速,可作为丹皮酚原料及片剂含量的测定方法.     

污泥与煤共气化过程中含磷化合物对硫元素释放规律的影响

考察了城市污泥与神府煤共气化过程中硫元素的挥发行为。结合X射线衍射（XRD）分析与热力学计算,讨论了含磷化合物对硫挥发行为的影响机理。实验结果表明:污泥中磷酸铝可与硬石膏发生反应,使混合物中硫元素在较低温度下挥发出来。当气化温度为900~1 200 ℃时,污泥对硫元素挥发比例影响最为显著。当气化温度为1 000 ℃时,含磷质量分数为0.5%与1.0%的污泥煤混合物中,硫元素挥发比例较神府煤分别上升了19.2%和35.5%。当气化温度高于1 300 ℃时,样品中大部分硫元素挥发出来,污泥对混合物中硫元素挥发比例影响不显著。     

凹叶厚朴愈伤组织中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的提取方法和工艺的优选研究

目的研究凹叶厚朴愈伤组织中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚提取方法和工艺的优选。方法采用超声波法、浸渍法及浸渍-超声波法提取厚朴酚及和厚朴酚,采用高效液相色谱法测定凹叶厚朴愈伤组织中酚的含量;采用正交试验设计,以超声波法为提取工艺,进一步考察溶剂、温度、提取时间对含量检出值的影响。结果厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量浸渍法为0.135%与0.017%,超声波法为0.144%与0.018%,浸渍-超声波法为0.146%与0.018%;最佳工艺为A3B2C3,即用丙酮30℃超声提取60 min。结论本试验的结果可以为凹叶厚朴的生物技术利用提供科学的实验及理论依据。     

纤维素酶法提取响铃草总黄酮的工艺研究

目的优选纤维素酶法提取响铃草总黄酮的最佳工艺。方法采用分光光度法,先分别考察乙醇体积分数、酶质量浓度、pH、提取温度、液料比、提取时间对响铃草总黄酮提取率的影响,然后,在此基础上,选择乙醇体积分数、酶质量浓度、pH、提取温度4个因素,每个因素设3个水平,采用L9(34)正交表进行试验,确定纤维素酶法提取响铃草总黄酮的最佳工艺。结果纤维素酶法提取响铃草总黄酮的最佳工艺为:乙醇体积分数50%,酶质量浓度2.0 mg/m L,pH 4.0,提取温度55℃,液料比30∶1(m L/g),提取时间1 20 min。在此工艺条件下,响铃草总黄酮提取率可达2.18%,比水煎法和乙醇回流法分别提高了87.9%和33.7%。结论此法可用于响铃草总黄酮的提取。     

基于Box-Behnken响应面法优化姜炙砂仁的炮制工艺研究

目的 优选姜炙砂仁的最佳炮制工艺。方法 采用气相色谱(GC)法测定姜炙砂仁中樟脑、龙脑、乙酸龙脑酯的含量，色谱柱为DB-WAX毛细管柱(50.00 m×0.32 mm×1.00μm),检测器温度280℃,分流进样，分流比5∶1,流速1.0 mL/min,进样口温度230℃,进样量1.0μL。以砂仁中樟脑、龙脑、乙酸龙脑酯含量为考察指标，采用单因素试验考察翻炒频率、炮制温度、喷洒姜汁时间、喷洒姜汁后翻炒时间对樟脑、龙脑、乙酸龙脑酯含量的影响，并运用Box-Behnken响应面法优选姜炙砂仁的最佳炮制工艺。结果 樟脑、龙脑、乙酸龙脑酯在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好，精密度、重复性、稳定性均符合试验要求，平均加样回收率分别为97.96%,98.26%,98.68%,RSD分别为1.65%,1.57%,1.54%。响应面优选得到姜炙砂仁最佳炮制工艺为：翻炒频率85次/分钟，喷洒姜汁时间2.7 min,炮制温度138℃,喷洒姜汁后翻炒时间1.7 min,综合评分预测值为97.76%。结论 优化的姜炙砂仁炮制工艺简便、稳定、可靠，能更好地保障姜炙砂仁的质量。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…