A comparative analysis of periimplant bone levels of immediate and conventionally loaded implants

Background

With the trend of shortening the treatment time and reducing patient discomfort/inconveniences immediate loading of implants has emerged as an alternative approach for replacing missing natural teeth. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of immediate implant loading protocol over conventional implant loading protocol in partially edentulous mandible.

Methods

Twenty patients were selected from out patients department who needed the replacement of one of the missing mandibular first molar. They were divided into two groups. In Group A patients implants were loaded with immediate implant loading protocol, whereas in Group B they were loaded with conventional loading protocol. Periimplant bone loss and soft tissue health were measured and compared using OPG and IOPA radiographs 06 and 12 months after implant placement.

Results

One implant failed in immediate loading group (Group A), whereas all implants survived in conventional loading group (Group B). The average periimplant bone loss after 6 months and 1 year for Group A were 0.69 mm and 1.09 mm respectively, whereas it was 0.74 mm and 1.13 mm respectively for Group B. The difference in the bone loss between Group A and B was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Immediate implant loading protocol has a highly acceptable clinical success rate in partially edentulous lower jaw although implant survival rate is slightly inferior to conventional loading protocol.     

Comparison of Crestal Bone Loss along Two Implant Crest Module Designs

Background

Crestal bone loss along the dental implant surface deranges its prognosis and is known to occur with implants having 02 mm smooth crest module/collar design. Implants with rough coated crest module/collar design are said to reduce crestal bone loss. Comparison of crestal bone loss with both crest module/collar designs of implants needs to be done.

Methods

Twenty cases were selected. Each case received one implant with smooth collar design (Group-A) and one implant with coated rough collar design (Group-B). All the 40 implants were prosthetically loaded after a healing period of six months. Crestal bone loss was measured on mesial, distal, buccal and lingual side of each implant using maxillofacial computed tomography at six, twelve and eighteen months time interval after placing the implants. Soft tissue evaluation was carried out around each implant using Gingival, Plaque and Calculus Indices, six and twelve months after loading the implants.

Result

After 18 months i.e. one year after loading the implants, Group-A implants showed an overall average crestal bone loss of 1.53 mm and Group-B implants showed average bone loss of 1.42 mm, the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). For both types of implants, average crestal bone loss was maximum on the buccal side, followed by mesial, lingual and distal sides. Soft tissue evaluation revealed that the tissues remained healthy till the end of study for both types of implants.

Conclusion

Crestal bone loss was less among implants with rough collar design as compared to smooth collar design.Key Words: Crest module design, Implant, Crestal bone loss     

Clinical evaluation of overdenture retention using indigenous dental implants

Background

The continuous resorption of the alveolar ridge after extraction of all the teeth can eventually result in a jaw anatomy which offers inadequate support for the dentures. This resorption can render the prosthesis inadequate in terms of both function and esthetics.

Methods

A study was conducted where 50 edentulous, denture-wearing patients, of either sex, were given mandibular implant overdentures, using their existing denture. The implants used were one piece implants with an integrated ball and socket joint for retention. A healing time of 3–4 months was given before loading.

Results

Implant failure was seen in 11 cases during the healing phase. A success rate of 78% was seen in this study during an observation period of 6 months. This success rate is significantly low as compared to global records where a success rate of 87–98% is documented. The patients were asked to grade the overdenture as poor, satisfactory, good and excellent in categories of masticatory efficiency, speech and overall comfort. 71.79% patients rated the overall comfort as excellent and the same percentage of patients rated the speech as good.

Conclusion

Implant retained overdentures help in improving the masticatory efficiency, speech and overall comfort of the patient as compared to conventional dentures.     

Role of single photon emission computerised tomography in evaluating osseointegration of indigenous DRDO implants: An in vivo study

Background

A study of first indigenous titanium dental implant developed by DRDO was undertaken at INMAS, Delhi. The aim was to establish the time taken for osseointegration, along with objectives to define the time of implant loading and compare the osseointegration of indigenous dental implants with already established dental implant systems.

Methods

21 subjects rehabilitated using 39 indigenous dental implants were evaluated by bone SPECT before implantation and at regular intervals towards establishing the aim and objectives.

Results

The rise followed by fall in Osteoblastic activity indicates the postoperative physiologic changes, which peaked at 2 weeks (mean) post-implantation and falls off to pre-implantation levels in 12 weeks (mean) indicating completion of osseointegration, healing and time of loading.

Conclusion

It can be summarized that the Osteoblastic activity of indigenous dental implants completes within three months, which can be taken as the time required for complete healing/osseointegration and loading the implants. On comparison with the available data of already established implants the figures appear similar, indicating indigenous implants to be similar in biologic behaviour.     

种植即刻修复技术对牙列缺失患者的临床效果分析

评估牙列缺失患者种植即刻修复的临床效果. 4 例牙列缺失患者,共植入种植体35颗,部分种植体于植入当天行复合树脂临时固定修复,术后3个月,种植体完成骨结合后均行永久修复. 1 年后随访,所有种植体行使功能良好,存留率为100%. 12个月后种植体周围平均边缘骨吸收值为( 0. 637 ± 0. 42 ) mm. 其中,前 6 个月平均骨吸收值为(0. 625 ± 0. 38)mm,两者差异无统计学意义. 即刻负载种植固定义齿是临床上解决牙列缺失的有效方法.     

Comparative Study of Recovery after Sevoflurane versus Halothane Anaesthesia in Adult Patients

Background

Induction and maintenance characteristics of sevoflurane and halothane have been studied, but little work has been done to compare the postoperative recovery of these two agents.

Methods

Sixty adult, ASA I and II patients were allocated randomly into Group A and Group B of 30 each. Group A received sevoflurane and Group B received halothane for maintenance. At the end of surgery early recovery, intermediate recovery and discharge criteria were assessed.

Results

Early recovery assessed with the mean time to extubation was 6.7 ± 2.29 min in Group A and 9.07 ± 1.64 min in Group B; eye opening was 7.28 ± 2.3 min in Group A and 10.6 ± 1.77 min in Group B; response to verbal command was 8.52 ± 2.83 min in Group A and 12.33 ± 2.17 min in Group B, while orientation was 10.43 ± 3.15 min in Group A and 14.77 ± 2.66 min in Group B. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean time to reach post anaesthesia care unit discharge criteria was shorter for Group A (21.1 ± 4.69 min) as compared to Group B (27.43 ± 6.51 min) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001)

Conclusion

Early recovery time and time taken to achieve discharge criteria were faster with sevoflurane.Key Words: Sevoflurane, Halothane, Post-operative recovery     

Verapamil as an Adjunct to Local Anaesthetic for Brachial Plexus Blocks

Background

Calcium channel blockers potentiate the effects of local anaesthetics. We examined the effect of adding verapamil to local anaesthetic solution on anaesthetic duration in patients undergoing surgery under brachial plexus block.

Methods

This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double blind study. Sixty patients undergoing elective upper limb surgery were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A received 40 ml of 1% lignocaine with 0.25% bupivacaine, while Group B patients had 2.5 mg verapamil added.

Result

Onset of sensory blockade time was marginally faster in Group B (23.2 ± 3.94 minutes) as compared to Group A (23.9 ± 4.13 minutes). However this difference was statistically not significant. The increase in duration of sensory blockade in Group B (185 ± 46.52 minutes) as compared to Group A (157 ± 44.28 minutes) was statistically significant (p= 0.011). Increase in duration of motor blockade in Group B (161 ± 46.14 minutes) as compared to Group A (149 ± 42,76 minutes) was statistically not significant (p = 0.15). Similarly prolongation of analgesic duration in Group B (318 ± 69.54minutes) as compared to Group A (302 ± 0.69 minutes) was statistically not significant (p=0.18).

Conclusion

We conclude that adding verapamil to brachial plexus block can prolong sensory anaesthesia without any effect on analgesic duration.Key Words: Brachial plexus block, Verapamil     

Evaluation of surgical outcomes following oncoplastic breast surgery in early breast cancer and comparison with conventional breast conservation surgery

Background

The aim of this study was to determine whether oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) ensures better tumour resection than conventional breast conservation surgery (BCS).

Methods

A prospective comparative study, conducted over a 3-year period, enrolled patients with early breast cancer who underwent OBS. The total volume of glandular resection, tumour volume resection and width of the margins obtained were noted. The incidence of complications, requirement of revision surgery and locoregional recurrence during follow-up period were also noted. The data were compared with matched controls who had undergone convention BCS in the past.

Results

Thirty-three patients underwent oncoplastic surgery and the data was compared with 46 patients of conventional breast conservation. The mean volume of specimen was higher in the oncoplastic group (173.5 cm³ vs 101.4 cm³, p = 0.03) though the tumour volume excised was similar (43.2 cm³ vs 36.4 cm³, p = 0.14). The mean margin widths were larger in the oncoplastic group (14 mm vs 6 mm, p = 0.01). There were more instances of close and positive margins seen in conventional BCS groups. The incidence of complication rate was similar. Median follow-up 18 months for oncoplasty group showed no cases of locoregional recurrence while in median follow-up of 38 months for conventional BCS group, six cases of locoregional relapse were noted.

Conclusions

Oncoplastic surgery results in excision of larger volume of breast tissue and correspondingly obtain wider surgical margins as compared to conventional BCS. Longer follow-up is required to determine if wider resection translates into better locoregional control.     

Bacteriological evaluation for one-and two-piece implant design supporting mandibular overdenture

Background:

This study evaluated and compared the bacteriological effect of two-piece implants and one-piece implants in complete overdenture cases on supporting structures.

Materials and Methods:

Ten male completely edentulous patients were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups according to the implant design and surgical technique for this study; Group 1: Patients were rehabilitated with complete mandibular overdenture supported by two-piece implants one on each side of the lower arch following two-stage surgical technique and Group 2: Patients were rehabilitated with complete mandibular overdenture supported by one-piece implants one on each side. Evaluation was made at the time of insertion, 6, 12, and 18 months after overdenture insertion, by measuring bacteriological changes around implants abutments.

Results:

Complete overdenture supported by one-piece implants showed better effect on the bacteriological changes as compared to that supported by two-piece implants.

Conclusion:

Complete overdenture supported by one-piece implants one on each side of the lower arch showed better effect on the bacteriological changes than using the same prosthesis supported by two-piece implants.     

Evaluation of interactive teaching for undergraduate medical students using a classroom interactive response system in India

Background

The classical didactic lecture has been the cornerstone of the theoretical undergraduate medical education. Their efficacy however reduces due to reduced interaction and short attention span of the students. It is hypothesized that the interactive response pad obviates some of these drawbacks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive response system by comparing it with conventional classroom teaching.

Methods

A prospective comparative longitudinal study was conducted on 192 students who were exposed to either conventional or interactive teaching over 20 classes. Pre-test, Post-test and retentions test (post 8–12 weeks) scores were collated and statistically analysed. An independent observer measured number of student interactions in each class.

Results

Pre-test scores from both groups were similar (p = 0.71). There was significant improvement in both post test scores when compared to pre-test scores in either method (p < 0.001). The interactive post-test score was better than conventional post test score (p < 0.001) by 8–10% (95% CI-difference of means – 8.2%–9.24%–10.3%). The interactive retention test score was better than conventional retention test score (p < 0.001) by 15–18% (95% CI-difference of means – 15.0%–16.64%–18.2%). There were 51 participative events in the interactive group vs 25 in the conventional group.

Conclusions

The Interactive Response Pad method was efficacious in teaching. Students taught with the interactive method were likely to score 8–10% higher (statistically significant) in the immediate post class time and 15–18% higher (statistically significant) after 8–12 weeks. The number of student–teacher interactions increases when using the interactive response pads.     

Evolving surgical prosthetic rehabilitation protocol for success of dental implant placed in distracted alveolar ridge

Background

Remodelling of bone in the form of resorption generally follows the extraction of a tooth. During all stages of atrophy of the alveolar ridge, characteristic shapes result from the resorptive process, as influenced by anatomic alterations in the alveolar bone. Various ridge augmentation procedures have been documented as predictable means of establishing new vital bone for implant placement, out of which distraction osteogenesis is one such modality. Hence the following study has been conducted to evolve a surgico- prosthetic rehabilitation protocol in grossly atrophic alveolar ridge by distraction osteogenesis and subsequent implant placement and to provide an effective alternative to lost dental tissue to serving soldiers, their families and ex-servicemen of the Indian Army in a cost effective manner.

Methods

A total of 30 patients with ridge defects in age group between 18 to 70 years were selected for the study. The net success rate of distraction procedure was 93.33% (100% in maxilla and 80% in mandible) with 2 cases deemed as failures out of a total of 30 cases. The average amount of defect compensated was 76.1% (85.1% and 59.5% in maxilla and mandible respectively).

Results

For the implant surgical procedure the success rate was 100% and subsequently prosthetic rehabilitation on implants was proved to be successful.

Conclusion

Distraction ostoeogenesis of an atrophied ridge for further implant placement certainly proves to be successful procedure by this study. Further studies in the same procedure using a larger sample size will definitely be more beneficial.     

Oral misoprostol is an effective and acceptable alternative to vaginal administration for cervical priming before first trimester pregnancy termination

Background

Cervical priming agents mainly prostaglandins in different doses and routes are used during first trimester vaccum aspiration to prevent cervical injury and shorten the abortion procedure. This study was carried out to assess women''s acceptability, the efficacy and side effects of oral versus vaginal administration of misoprostol in facilitating cervical dilatation prior to first trimester vaccum aspiration.

Methods

A randomised control study where 120 women were divided in oral (51) and vaginal (69) group. Each group received 400 mcg of misoprostol either orally or vaginally 04 h prior to first trimester pregnancy termination. Baseline cervical dilatation, women''s acceptability and side effects and complications were noted in both the groups.

Results

There was no difference between the oral and vaginal misoprostol groups with respect to mean cervical dilatation (5.53 mm vs 5.43 mm; p > 0.05). A total of 88% of women in the oral group expressed satisfaction with the route of misoprostol administration as compared to 74% in the vaginal route. The women in the vaginal group were experienced more preoperative vaginal bleeding (43% vs 25%).

Conclusion

Oral administration of misoprostol is an effective alternative to vaginal administration in preinduction cervical ripening prior to first trimester pregnancy termination.     

Impact of abdominal drainage systems on postoperative complication rates following liver transplantation

Background

Depending on the extent of surgery, coagulation status and the number of anastomoses, drains are routinely used during liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to compare different drain types with regard to abdominal complication rates.

Methods

All consecutive full-size orthotopic liver transplantations (LTX) performed over a 7-year period were included in this retrospective analysis. Abdominal drain groups were divided into open-circuit drains and closed-circuit drains. Data are reported as total number (%) or median (range); for all comparisons a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 256 LTX [age 56.89 (0.30–75.21) years; MELD 14.5 (7–40)] was included; 56 (21.8 %) patients received an open-circuit Easy Flow Drain (Group 1) and 200 (78.2 %) a closed-circuit Robinson Drainage System (Group 2). For Groups 1 and 2, overall infection rates were 78.6 and 56 % (p = 0.001), abdominal infection rates 50.82 and 21.92 % (p = 0.001), yeast infection rates 37 and 23 % (p = 0.02), abdominal bleeding rates 26.78 and 17 % (p = 0.07), biliary complication rates 14.28 and 13.5 % (p = 0.51), respectively.

Conclusions

In this retrospective series, open-circuit drains were associated with more abdominal complications, mainly due to intraabdominal infections, than were closed-circuit drains.     

The impact on bone tissues of immediate implant-supported mandibular overdentures with cusped and cuspless teeth

Objectives:

To examine the effects on bone tissues of immediate implant-supported mandibular overdentures with cusped or cuspless teeth.

Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Dental Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt, over a 12-month period from September 2013 to September 2014. Twenty patients were treated with immediate implant-supported overdentures: one group received overdentures with cusped teeth, and the other group received overdentures with cuspless teeth. The rate of implant success was assessed clinically and radiographically at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The data were collected by a questionnaire, an observation checklist, and radiography. The data were then analyzed using computerized methods.

Results:

Overdentures with cusped teeth showed a significant improvement in the clinical criteria, including the absence of clinical implant mobility, pain, and bone resorption, while the clinical criteria for the absence of peri-implant radiolucency were insignificantly different between the 2 groups (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in the clinical evaluations for bone levels at the time of insertion or 3 months after insertions, while significant differences were found at 6, 9, and 12 months after insertion.

Conclusion:

Overdentures with cusped teeth supported by immediate implants were found superior regarding many clinical criteria than those cuspless counterparts.As the life span increases, significant damage occurs to the teeth. Treating edentulous patients can be a demanding challenge.1 Implants in mandibular retained overdentures could be an effective method for the treatment of these patients;2 the success of maxillary implant overdentures was 86.6%, and the success of mandibular implant overdentures was 95.8%.3 Implant-supported overdentures have been preferred over complete dentures due to their simplicity and improved patient quality of life.1-4 The roots have been used beneath overdentures in cases with almost hopeless mandibular dentition. The overdenture design was found to be highly effective in the mandible and has been popularly accepted,5 allowing the root-to-crown ratio to increase, and the prognosis of the remaining teeth to improve. It also seems that the presence of the vertical periodontal ligament preserves the alveolar ridge morphology.6,7 Mainly, 3 impressions have been widely utilized to treat the edentulous jaw, including fixed prostheses supported with implants, removable overdentures supported with implants, and implant overdentures supported with soft tissue.8 The immediate implants are located at diseased and non-diseased sites.9 Immediately after extraction, placing the implant at a site with endodontic infection has resulted in a good substitution for complete dentures.10 Today, the problem is facilitated by the use of implants. The utilization of 4 implants is now common and popularly acceptable. In one case study of a treatment concept using Biohorizons™ Tapered Internal Implants, it was found that the use of the 4-implant concept had many advantages and good success.11 Cusped teeth have advantages, such as their effectiveness, the balance of occlusion, the definitive point of relationship between the upper and lower posterior teeth, and their acceptability and compatibility. Cuspless teeth have some advantages, such as resistance to non-masticatory mobility and the absence of harm to supporting tissue. The use of natural teeth with cusps leads to instability of the dentures, which could not be overcome.12 There has been a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of immediate implant-supported mandibular overdentures. The use of 2-implant mandibular overdentures for edentulous patients is affordable and cost-effective. The overdenture design was found to be highly effective in the mandible and has been popularly accepted. This study aimed to examine the impact on the surrounding bone tissue of immediate implant-supported mandibular overdentures with cusped or cuspless teeth.     

Comparative analysis of changes in MR imaging of pre and post intrauterine progesterone implants in adenomyosis cases

Background

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the evaluation and management of adenomyosis. In this study, we first diagnosed the adenomyosis on MRI and then we analyzed the MRI changes in the uterus in pre and post intrauterine progesterone implants cases.

Method

All the patients with clinical diagnosis of menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea were screened by Ultrasonography (USG) of the pelvis. Patients with heterogeneous echo texture of the uterus were then evaluated by the MRI of the pelvis. All patients with MRI findings suggestive of adenomyosis formed the study group.

Result

On MRI study 60 patients were diagnosed as adenomyosis, 68.33% had diffuse adenomyosis and 31.66% had focal adenomyosis. 83% of diagnosed adenomyosis cases had high intensity signal foci which were seen in 75% cases of diffuse adenomyosis and 100% cases of focal adenomyosis. 50 diagnosed adenomyosis cases were then reviewed after 03 months, 06 months and 12 months to see for any change in the MRI findings in the post intrauterine implant cases. On follow up MRI after post progesterone intrauterine implant, 50% of the cases showed reduction in the high intensity signals, 10% of the cases showed mild reduction in the junctional zone thickness with no significant change in the uterine size.

Conclusions

It is inferred that MR imaging is not only helpful in diagnosing but also helpful in monitoring the effects of hormonal therapy in adenomyosis.     

Accuracy of implant placement with a computer-aided fabricated surgical template with guided parallel pins: A pilot study

Background

A precise positioning for dental implant placement is important for further prosthesis fabrication and maintenance. Computer-aided surgery has been developed to transfer digitally planned implant positioning to the patient over the past decades. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a computer-aided laboratory-fabricated surgical template. A further objective was to compare the accuracy between in vivo and in vitro groups.

Lithoclast? Master in Intracorporeal Lithotripsy during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy : Our Experience

Background

This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Lithoclast^® Master with pneumolithotriptor during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in the treatment of renal staghorn calculi.

Methods

In this prospective study, 60 patients suffering from partial or complete staghorn renal stones were included. Patients were divided randomly in two groups : Groups I and II and underwent PNL for removal of stones. In Group I patients, standard pneumolithotriptor and in Group II, Lithoclast^® Master was used for stone fragmentation. The patients were evaluated for rate of fragmentation/clearance, presence of residual fragments by KUB radiograph/ultrasound. Result was analyzed by Chi-square test.

Result

The rate of fragmentation using Swiss Lithoclast^® Master was more effective and quicker in comparison to standard pneumolithotriptor. The average time taken for fragmentation and clearance in Group I using pneumolithotriptor was 65 minutes, whereas it was 58 minutes using Lithoclast® Master, which was statistically significant (p< 0.01). Only 4% patients had significant residual fragments (> 4mm) in Group II and 16 (53%) patients in Group I, which was significant (p < 0.01). The complications in both the modalities were insignificant; one (1.33%) patient had bleeding and three (10%) patients had urine leak in Group I; whereas three(10%) patients had bleeding and five (16.7%) urine leak in Group II.

Conclusion

Lithoclast^® Master is an effective intracorporeal lithotripter during percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of renal staghorn calculi for stone fragmentation/clearance with minimal residual fragments and complications.Key Words: Staghorn calculus, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Lithoclast, Ultrasonic lithotripsy, Pneumatic lithotripsy     

Ultrasonographic Observation of the Breast in Early Postmenopausal Women during Therapy with Cimicifuga Foetida Extract and Sequential Therapy with Estrogen and Progestin

Background:

It is now recognized that Cimicifuga foetida (C. foetida) extract is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. But the durations reported were usually short. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of C. foetida extract therapy and different estrogen and progesterone sequential therapies, on the breasts of early postmenopausal women.

Methods:

This was a prospective randomized trial. Ninety-six early menopausal women were recruited and randomly assigned into three groups treated with different therapies for 2 years. Patients were given C. foetida extract in Group A, estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in Group B, and estradiol valerate and progesterone in Group C. Ultrasonography was used to monitor changes in breast during treatment.

Results:

In comparing breast glandular section thickness before and after 1 and 2 years of treatment, no significant difference was observed in Group A (11.97 ± 2.84 mm vs. 12.09 ± 2.58 mm and 12.61 ± 3.73 mm, P > 0.05); in Group B glandular section thickness had increased significantly (10.98 ± 2.34 mm vs. 11.84 ± 2.72 mm and 11.90 ± 3.33 mm, P < 0.05) after treatment, the same as Group C (11.56 ± 3.03 mm vs. 12.5 ± 3.57 mm and 12.22 ± 4.39 mm P < 0.05). In comparing breast duct width before and after 1 and 2 years of treatment, no significant difference was seen in Group A (1.07 ± 0.19 mm vs. 1.02 ± 0.18 mm and 0.98 ± 0.21 mm, P > 0.05); in Group B the duct width had a downward trend after treatment (0.99 ± 0.14 mm vs. 0.96 ± 0.22 mm and 0.90 ± 0.18 mm, P < 0.05), the same as Group C (1.07 ± 0.20 mm vs. 1.02 ± 0.17 mm and 0.91 ± 0.19 mm, P < 0.05). The nodules detected before treatment had disappeared after 1-year of treatment or exhibited no distinct changes in the three groups. However, new breast nodules had appeared after 2 years of treatment: There was one case in Group A, two cases in Group B and four cases in Group C, with breast hyperplasia after the molybdenum target check.

Conclusions:

In early postmenopausal patients, C. foetida extract therapy and estrogen and progesterone therapy at low doses did not increase the incidence of malignant breast tumors     

Effect of insulin on Blattela germanica Linnacus

Objective

To determine the sensitivity of Blattela germanica L (B. germanica L) to differenct doses of insulin.

Methods

B. germanica were reared in laboratory conditions at (25±2) °C and (50±5)% relative humidity (RH), and exposure period of 12:12 L/D. Different concentrations, viz. 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 µ of insulin N, R, (N+R) were prepared and injected to 10 treated cockroaches with another 10 cockroaches which were injected with normal saline as control group.

Results

Insulin N with a dose of 20 µ caused more than 70% mortality of B. germanica in this study. There was a significant difference between 20 µ of insulin N with other doses of 5, 10, 15 and 25 µ, and its comparison with other forms of medication also showed obvious difference (P<0.05).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that effective drug doses of insulin which can be used as posion bait or gel against German cockroaches could be utilized in the control of B. germanica in the future field studies.