必特螺旋霉素发酵组分中亮氨酸的影响研究

目的：研究分析必特螺旋霉素发酵组分中亮氨酸的影响。方法在合成培养基中加入亮氨酸,观察其对于必特螺旋霉素发酵组分的影响。结果加入亮氨酸以后,对于初级代谢所产生的影响不大,可提高异戊酞基螺旋霉素组分以及总异戊酰基螺旋含量,效价保持不变。讨论亮氨酸可使必特螺旋霉素主要组分作用机理得到提高。     

添加异戊酸对必特螺旋霉素生物合成的影响

为了进一步提高多组分必特螺旋霉素中异戊酰螺旋霉素Ⅲ和总异戊酰螺旋霉素的含量,本文通过外源添加浓度为0.5 g/L的异戊酸使异戊酰螺旋霉素Ⅲ和总异戊酰螺旋霉素的含量分别比对照提高了38.32%和31%。通过测定必特螺旋霉素发酵过程中糖耗、有机酸、亮氨酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、己糖激酶等中间代谢产物的相关数据,探讨了异戊酸调控必特螺旋霉素组分和效价的机理。     

铵离子对必特螺旋霉素生物合成的调控

研究了在复合培养基中发酵生产必特螺旋霉素时，铵离子浓度对发酵组分的影响。从发酵24h开始，每12h补加3．2mmol／L的铵离子，考察其对必特螺旋霉素中异戊酰螺旋霉素组分和异戊酰基螺旋霉素Ⅲ／Ⅱ的调节作用。实验结果表明：在降低基础培养基铵离子浓度的基础上，补加铵离子可以明显改善必特螺旋霉素组分，生物效价达2200u／mL。通过测定发酵过程中还原糖、相关有机酸、琥珀酸脱氢酶（Succinate dehydrogenase，SDH）活性、缬氨酸脱氢酶（Valine dehydrogenase，VDH）活性等中间代谢数据，对铵离子的作用原理进行了讨论。     

温度对盐酸加替沙星注射液可见异物的影响

目的:研究温度对盐酸加替沙星注射液可见异物的影响。方法:用0.1 mol/L的盐酸调节盐酸加替沙星注射液的pH值,在不同温度下观察药物在水中的溶解情况及稳定性。结果:温度在20℃以上时,盐酸加替沙星注射液pH值在国家质量标准(3.5~5.5)内,溶液(A)的可见异物符合规定;温度在10~20℃时,pH值在4.6~5.5的溶液有结晶析出,pH值在3.5~4.6的溶液(B)无结晶析出,溶液的可见异物符合规定;温度在0~10℃时,pH值在4.0~5.5的溶液有结晶析出,pH值在3.5~4.0的溶液(C)无结晶析出,溶液的可见异物符合规定;24 h后A、B、C 3种溶液仍然稳定;121℃灭菌消毒15 min,溶液含量及有关物质检测结果均符合质量标准规定。结论:温度对盐酸加替沙星注射液可见异物有明显影响。     

缬氨酸对必特螺旋霉素生物合成的影响

在必特螺旋霉素基因工程链霉菌WSJ-1-195发酵生产必特螺旋霉素的摇瓶实验中,发酵36 h时向合成培养基中添加0.5 g/L的缬氨酸对必特螺旋霉素效价和组分的影响最为显著.实验结果表明:添加缬氨酸后,菌体在发酵48～60 h糖耗加快,达到1 g/(L·h),发酵液中丙酸和丁酸浓度先增后降,而发酵液中丙酮酸在胞内积累,丙酮酸羧化酶活性在48 h和60 h时分别增加20%和95%.由于糖耗加快,更多碳流可以通过甲基丙二酰CoA转羧基酶途径(MCT途径)将缬氨酸分解生成的丙酰CoA和丁酰CoA转化为内酯环合成所需要的直接三碳前体,最终效价比对照高出45.3%.添加缬氨酸后,由于大环合成增多,侧链前体的供应无法满足内酯环增加的需求,导致酰化组分含量总体下降,其中总异戊酰组分降低23%,乙酰螺旋霉素Ⅲ降低30.8%,丙酰螺旋霉素Ⅱ降低33%,丙酰螺旋霉素Ⅲ降低48.8%.同时缬氨酸代谢生成的丁酸也有可能会影响异戊酰基转移酶的活性.     

25%抗坏血酸水溶液的稳定性与pH值的关系

本文报道了在20～90℃温度下,pH0.4～12.7范围内,25％抗坏血酸水溶液在绝氧条件下降解及变色的速率;在pH5～8.3范围内,用碳酸钠调pH值的25％抗坏血酸水溶液的变色速率。结果表明,25％抗坏血酸水溶液在pH9～11含量变化最稳定;在ph8左右颜色变化最稳定,用碳酸钠调pH值的25％抗坏血酸溶液在pH6～7颜色变化最稳定;HCO_3~-一或CO_3~二对25％抗坏血酸水溶液的降解及变色均有加速作用。     

P(γ-PGA-co-NIPAAm)水凝胶对5-氟尿嘧啶药物分子的释放行为

以γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)为单体,通过自由基共聚法制备一种水凝胶缓释材料。采用扫描电镜观察水凝胶的多孔断面形貌,并研究不同温度（25 ℃和37 ℃）下水凝胶表面的亲疏水性和不同pH（2.0~10.0）时的溶胀率变化。将该共聚水凝胶用作药物缓释载体,通过紫外分光光度计法研究其对5 氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）药物分子的缓释行为。结果表明：该凝胶在酸性条件下释药速率最快,碱性条件下次之,中性条件下释放最慢,25 ℃下释放量与γ-PGA含量呈正相关,37 ℃下结果相反;该凝胶具有温度、pH双敏感性,在弱碱性条件下释放缓慢、释药量小,具有一定的靶向释药能力。     

咪唑安定与布比卡因混合后理化性质及各组分含量的变化

目的研究术后硬膜外自控镇痛药布比卡因与咪唑安定混合后理化性质及各组分含量的变化。方法取咪唑安定5mg(1 ml)、布比卡因31．25mg(6．25ml)，加生理盐水17．75ml混匀配成0．02％咪唑安定 0．125％布比卡因25m1后，测比重、pH值，在室温及36．5℃恒温下放置，观察有无沉淀变色，并以高效液相色谱法检测混合后各组分的含量。结果混合液比重为1．006，pH值为5．3，在室温20℃～25℃及36．5℃恒温下放置24h不发生沉淀变色，高效液相色谱法分析该混合液，各组分混合后未见减少。结论在本实验条件下，咪唑安定、布比卡因混合后理化性质稳定，混合液中各种药物含量无改变。     

地西泮注射液的稳定性研究

目的观察、分析地西泮注射液的稳定性。方法将样品的pH值设置在6.0,,6.5,7.0,(10±2)℃、(25±2)℃分别放置,时间为2年,在0,3,6,9,12,18,24个月,借助溶液颜色观察法对样品的颜色进行全面的观察,借助高效液相法测定含量;(40±2)℃放置6个月,在1,2,3,6个月,借助溶液颜色观察法对样品的颜色观察,借助高效液相法测定含量。结果样品的pH值在6.0-6.5的情况下和在25℃以下贮藏颜色是比较稳定的,在样品的pH值超过6.5以及温度超过25℃时颜色会加深迅速。结论 pH值、温度对地西浮注射液颜色存在显著的影响,所以在实际的应用中,需要把此品种的pH值调至6.0-6.5,同时需要在25℃以下进行贮藏。     

间歇反应器的数值最优化——极大值原理与有约束控制梯度相结合方法的应用

以常微分方程组描述的间歇反应器在约束范围内的优化问题不同于一般连续反应器的参数最优化问题,可将其归结为最优控制中控制参数序列的有约束最优化问题。本文采用Л.С.Понтрягин极大值原理结合有约束控制的梯度法来求解间歇反应器的优化问题。通过对生化工程中红霉素的生物合成过程在温度约束28℃≤T≤40℃、pH约束6.4≤pH≤7.2范围内,确定最优温度分布T(t)、最优pH(t)的考核计算,最终获得的红霉素(有效产品)浓度在T(t)、pH(t)条件下操作,比之温度、pH保持恒定(T=32℃、pH=6.8)或线性递降的条件下操作,将可提高30%左右,与文献[3]结果相符。计算机模拟计算结果表明,这种方法具有收敛快(经几次迭代,几十秒即可获得最优解),收敛稳定(不同的初始温度、pH分布都收敛到同一最优分布)的特点,是间歇反应器优化的有效方法。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…