宁夏1991—2007年性传播疾病流行特点分析

目的分析1991—2007年性传播疾病(STD)的流行趋势与流行特点,为制定有效预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对宁夏17年8种法定报告STD资料进行统计分析。结果(1)17年间8种性病均有报告,累计报告38662例,平均发病率为42.01/10万;(2)性病发病率由1991年的6.59/10万上升至2007年的55.50/10万;(3)病种构成以淋病为主而近几年尖锐湿疣、非淋菌性尿道炎和梅毒构成比逐年上升;(4)男性大于女性;(5)年龄以30岁~为最多,占总报告数的44.60%。结论性病报告数逐年增加,性病范围扩大,应加强各类人群性病监测及防治知识的宣传教育、提倡安全性行为、减少婚外性行为的发生。     

Changes in Notified Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China, 2005–2020

Objective To evaluate the trend of notified incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) in China at different periods by population and region and to explore the effect of TB prevention and control in recent years.Methods Using pooled data on TB cases reported by the TB Information Management Reporting System(TBIMS) from 2005 to 2020, we calculated the annual percentage change(APC) using the Joinpoint regression model.Results From 2005 to 2020, a total of 16.2 million cases of PTB were reported in ...     

A 5 years prospective study of incidence, morbidity and mortality profile of stroke in a rural community of eastern India

Community-based longitudinal study on stroke is rare in India. It has been predicted that the stroke incidence will be higher in developing countries than developed countries. Hence a five years prospective study was planned to carry out in the rural Bengal, India based on WHO protocol to determine the incidence rate, risk factors, morbidity and mortality profile of stroke. In a two-stage procedure, 20717 subjects out of 20842 people from a cluster of 12 villages was surveyed by house-to-house method and the screened cases were examined by a team of neurologists including post stroke surveillance for one year. Altogether 128 first ever stroke cases were detected over 5 years showing an average annual incidence rate of 123.57 per 100,000 persons [age adjusted incidence rate (AAIR)--262/100,000; based on USA population, 1990] and sex-specific AAIR (274/100,000) among women is slightly higher than men (253/100,000). Age-specific stroke incidence rate showed increasing rate from fourth decade up to seventh decade in both sexes when the rate was maximum. First 30 days mortality recorded was 18% with men suffering twice than women. Follow-up after one year revealed speech improvement in 47%, residual spasticity in 46% and independency in activities daily living in 62% of cases. Age and sex matched case control study has shown that hypertension (OR - 2.79), heart disease (OR - 6.20) and smoking (OR - 3.92) are significant risk factors.This study had indicated a higher age adjusted incidence rate of stroke in India as compared to that of developed country and hypertension, heart disease and smoking are important risk factors.     

Deaths due to sexually transmitted diseases. The forgotten component of reproductive mortality

Reproductive mortality has three principal components: deaths related to pregnancy, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The last component is usually overlooked. In 1955, deaths due to STDs constituted a minimum of 32% of all reproductive mortality in the United States; in 1965 and 1975, the percentages were 32% and 20%, respectively. Pelvic inflammatory disease and syphilis account for most deaths due to STDs. In 1979, the mortality rate due to pelvic inflammatory disease was 0.29 deaths per 100,000 women aged 15 to 44 years; the corresponding figure for syphilis was 0.17. If cervical cancer is viewed as an STD, then deaths due to this cause alone (approximately 6,800 per year) would far outnumber deaths due to all other reproductive causes combined. Surveillance of reproductive mortality in the United States should be expanded to encompass deaths due to STDs.     

1997~2006年广州市流行性腮腺炎流行病学分析

目的了解广州市流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征。方法采用回顾性流行病学的方法对广州市1997~2006年法定报告传染病年报表流行性腮腺炎发病及其分布情况进行分析。结果1997~2006年广州市共发生流行性腮腺炎29.424例,年平均发病率为41.48/10万,2004~2005年发病具有明显上升趋势,其中2005年发病数最高,发病率为105.53/10万。该病的发病特点为:全年均有发病,发病高峰在六、七月份,分别占全部发病总数的13.41%和13.51%。人群主要分布在学生(50.74%)、幼托(23.26%)和散居儿童(13.09%),以10~14岁年龄组的发病数最高。男女性别比例为1.7:1,男性发病率比女性高(x2=1615.74、p=0.000)。结论近年广州市流行性腮腺炎发病率呈逐年上升趋势,逐渐成为危害儿童健康的主要传染病之一,应在控制免疫规划针对传染病的同时,加强流行性腮腺炎的监测工作,开展腮腺炎防控工作,采用科学合理的免疫接种方案,提高易感人群的免疫水平,从根本上减少腮腺炎发病,促进人群健康。     

深圳市2004年性传播疾病流行病学分析

目的 了解深圳市2004年性传播疾病流行特征，为政府制订预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法 对深圳市2004年性传播疾病年报资料及人口数据进行统计分析。结果 深圳市2004年性传播疾病报告病例数为18371例。较2003年增长了33．34％，年报告总发病率329．61／10万。非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）发病率最高，且位居性病构成比第一位；尖锐湿疣列第二位，淋病排第三位，仍是性病优势病种，但构成比继续下降。结论 HIV／AIDS、NGU的增长呈明显上升趋势，先天梅毒依然是儿童性病中的优势病种，应加强对孕产妇的产前性病查检工作。     

江苏省启东地区1973至2002年肝癌发病率长期趋势的评价

目的评价江苏省启东肝癌高发现场30年肝癌发病率的长期趋势.方法采用启东1973至2002年肿瘤登记报告资料,计算肝癌粗发病率、世界人口调整率（WASR）、35～64岁截缩调整率、0～74岁累积发病率、变化百分比（PC）及年度变化百分比（APC）,并作时期、年龄和队列发病率比较分析。结果启东肝癌30年平均粗发病率为59．28／10万,其中男为91．65／10万,女为27．64／10万,男女发病率性别比例为3．32：1WASR为58．71／10万,其中男为93．32／10万,女为26．46／10万。35～64岁肝癌截缩调整率为143．61／10万,0～74岁累积发病率为6．07％？粗发病率的PC为＋30．90％,APC为＋1．58％;调整率的PC为＋12．33％,APC为＋0．41％。资料显示后15年肝癌总体发病率上升,但35岁以F年龄组发病率有显著的下降。时期趋势分析也显示35岁以下各年龄组发病率均已下降;出生队列分析则显示1963年以后出生队列发病率的下降趋势。结论启东肝癌高发现场30年粗发病率总体呈上升趋势,可能与中老年人口的增加有关;但现场多年的防治工作,已对青年人的肝癌发病率产生影响,并出现下降趋势。     

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES： INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION

The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) increased from 26. 04 per 10000O in 1987 to 104. 81 per 100 000 in 1993 in selected areas of the country. Gonorrhea is by far the most common STD but its constituent ratio declined because of a rapid increase of nongonococcal uretheritis and genital warts during most recent years. The incidence of syphilis is relatively low and cases of congenital infection are noted. The wide spread of resistant Neisseria gonorrhaeae infection gives a challenge to the therapeutical and control strategies of STDs. Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections, an important cause of urethritis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease, is becoming common in uur country. Attention has been drawn on viral hepatitis in their means of transmission by sexually behaviors, and also, on the homosexuals, assumed to be the high risk group to catch STDs. Coordinated national efforts to control STDs in China have been taken.     

Population-based epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Western Australia. Western Australian AIDS Advisory Committee

A total of 328 cases of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Western Australia in 1983-1987 was studied with respect to demographic factors, the risk profile, the clinical progression of disease, the utilization of inpatient services and trends in incidence over time. The crude incidence rates were 8.8 cases/100,000 person-years in men and 0.4 cases/100,000 person-years in women. Age-specific rates peaked at 25 to 29 years of age in men. The risk of HIV infection was associated with metropolitan residence, low socioeconomic level, and two specific occupational groups. Homosexual and bisexual men constituted 86% of all cases; the incidence rate of HIV infection in such men was approximately 1000-times higher than was the incidence rate by apparent sexual transmission in heterosexual persons. However, the proportion of cases that occurred in women or that apparently was caused by heterosexual sexual transmission increased from zero in 1983-1984 to 7.5% and 5.4%, respectively, in 1987. After two years of follow-up, 71% of preclinical (category-C) patients had developed signs, symptoms or evidence of immune dysfunction, and 12% of those patients with lymphadenopathy or with other early clinical features of disease (category-B) had progressed to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). At 21 months of follow-up, the survival rate with AIDS was 9%. Patients with AIDS utilized an average of 68.9 short-stay hospital bed-days per person-year, while category-B patients used 11.5 hospital bed-days per person-year. Notifications of HIV infection increased each year from 1983 to 1986, but fell by 22% in 1987. The latter may have been as a result of chance, a screening artefact or a real reduction in the incidence rate.     

Infections with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Washington State. The first year of statewide disease surveillance

In 1987, Washington became the first state to require that infection with Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 be reported. In the first year of surveillance, 93 cases were reported, yielding an annual incidence of 2.1 cases per 100,000 population. The median age of case patients was 14 years (range, 11 months to 78 years), with the highest attack rate among children younger than 5 years (6.1 cases per 100,000 population per year). Bloody diarrhea was present in 95% of reported cases, 12% of patients developed either hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and one patient died. Suspected secondary cases were seen in 5% of households. Fifty-six (60%) cases occurred during June through September, as did 73% of the cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Cases reported during the summer months were more likely than cases reported at other times of the year to be in children younger than 10 years. Medications, including antimicrobial medications, did not influence the duration of symptoms, nor did they appear to alter the risk of developing hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This newly established surveillance system in Washington demonstrates that E coli O157:H7 is an important and common cause of bloody diarrhea in the United States.     

长沙县2011~2013年手足口病流行特征分析

目的：分析长沙县2011~2013年手足口病流行病学特征,为制定有效的防控措施提供学依据。方法：将全国法定传染病疫情报告系统收集到的手足口病病例按年份、年龄、性别以及职业等建库,采用 SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果：长沙县2011~2013年手足口病累计报告病例数为9365例,年均发病率为311.44/10万,病死率为0.17%;全年各月均有病例发生,5月和11月发病率最高,分别为46.95/10万、47.89/10万;不同乡镇的年均发病率差异较大,发病病例年龄构成以5岁以下的儿童为主,占发病总数的97％;男性病例年均发病率为361.90/10万,女性病例年均发病率为257.21/10万,年均性别比为1.41：1;结论：长沙县的手足口病发病率处于较高水平,5月和11月发病率最高,发病率男性高于女性,5岁以下年龄组发病率最高,散居儿童和幼托儿童是多发人群。应特别重视对5岁以下年龄组人群手足口病的防控工作,同时加强手足口病的监测工作。     

A nine-year prospective study on the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in China

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岳阳市1993～2002年性病流行病学分析

目的 了解岳阳市10年来性病的发病趋势和流行特点，为政府部门制定性病防治策略提供科学依据。方法 用性病疫情软件汇总分析全市性病疫情报告的年度报表。结果 岳阳市10年共报告8种性病6492例，其中：淋病2851例，非淋菌性病尿道炎888例，尖锐湿疣2425例，梅毒192例，生殖器疱疹117例，软下疳7例，性病性淋巴肉芽肿3例，HIV感染9例。年平均发病率为12．71／10万，年平均增长率为1，34％。同时，数据显示传染来源中非婚性接触4909例，占总例数的75，62％，性乱人群是性病传播的主要方式。结论 岳阳市性病仍属于低发地区，目前正处于逐步扩散期。尖锐湿疣、梅毒上升幅度较大，应加强防治力度，控制疾病的流行。     

PATTERN OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN THE ARMED FORCES

Pattern of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in 1027 male patients admitted during 1990 to 1996 were analysed. Majority of cases (86%) were in age group of 20 to 40 years. Out of total 1027 STD cases 334 (32%) were having chancroid, 237 (23%) syphilis, 122 (11.9%) lymphogranuloma venereum, 130 (12.6%) gonorrhoea, 34 (3.3%) Herpes genitalis and 170 (16.5%) other STDs. 167 STD cases (163%) were found to have HIV infection. A rising trend in prevalence of HIV infection in STD patients from 2.8% (1990) to 27.8 (1996) was noticed contrary to declining trend of STDs from 213 cases in 1990 to 79 cases in 1996. The prevalence of HIV infection was 303% in LGV, 19.3% in chancroid, 13.5% in syphilis, 17.6% in herpes genitalis, 6.7% in gonorrhoea and 11.2% in other STD cases. Out of total 167 STD cases having HIV infection 65 (40%) cases were of chancroid, 37 (22.2%) of LGV, 32(19.2%) of syphilis, 8 (4.8) of gonorrhoea, and 6(3.6%) of herpes genitalis while 17 (10.2) cases were having other STDs.KEY WORDS: Chancroid, Gonorrhoea, Herpes genitalis, HIV infection, LGV, Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Syphilis     

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE CONTROL IN CHINA(1949—1994)

ＳＥＸＵＡＬＬＹＴＲＡＮＳＭＩＴＴＥＤＤＩＳＥＡＳＥＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ（１９４９─１９９４）ＳｈａｏＣｈａｎｇｇｅｎｇ（邵长庚）；ＸｕＷｅｎｙａｎ（徐文严）ａｎｄＹｅＧａｎｙｕｎ（叶干运）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＤｅｒｍａｔｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣＡ...     

河源市2003年性病流行情况分析

目的分析河源市2003年性病的流行情况，为开展性病防治工作提供科学依据。方法对河源市性病报表资料数据进行回顾性统计分析。结果河源市2003年共上报性病病例1238例，较2002年下降24．92％，年报告总发病率为39，93／10万。非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)发病数仍最高，尖锐湿疣、淋病仍居STD第二、第三位。性病在人群中的分布以20—39岁性活跃人群居多；男性发病高于女性。结论2003年河源市性病发病人数下降，表明河源市积极开展防治工作，在人群中开展宣传教育，推广使用安全套取得的效果明显。因此，今后应进一步在全社会开展性病的防治宣传教育，加强综合监测，才能更有效控制性病的蔓延。     

The effect of selenium-fortified table salt in the prevention of Keshan disease on a population of 1.05 million

The preventive effect of selenium (Se)-fortified table salt against Keshan disease (an endemic myocardiopathy) was tested on 1.05 million people with another 0.6 million people as the control. The average annual incidence of acute and subacute types of the disease significantly decreased from 25.23 to 2.7 per 100,000 in the Se-supplemented population, while the corresponding rate in the control decreased from 19.76 to 7.36 per 100,000. Furthermore, the detection rate of new cases of a latent type of Keshan disease in the Se-supplemented group (0.18%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.07).     

41儿童性病流行病学特征分析

为了解儿童性病的流行病学特征、发生原因及其流行趋势，而制定相应的防治对策提供科学依据。搜集１９８９～１９９８年潜江市各医疗卫生单位门诊及住院儿童中４１例性病患者的报病资料，进行性病调查和汉行病学特征分析。结果发现儿童性病发病率逐年上升，平均年发病率０．４３／１０万；提示应高度重视和加强对儿童特别是女童的有效防护措施，以减少儿童性病的发生。