样本量估计与检验效能分析（六）

所谓单因素多水平设计,是指试验中仅涉及一个具有尼个水平（k≥3）的试验因素,未对其他任何重要非试验因素进行有计划的安排。本文向读者介绍单因素多水平设计一元定量资料与结果变量为二值变量的单因素多水平设计一元定性资料的样本含量与检验效能估计。     

样本量估计与检验效能分析(七)

所谓两因素析因设计,是指试验中涉及两个试验因素,不同的试验条件数等于两个试验因素的水平数的乘积,即由试验因素的水平全面组合而成.全部受试对象被完全随机地分配到各试验条件组中去.做试验时,全部试验因素同时施加(即无先后顺序之分);对资料进行统计分析时,试验因素地位平等(即不存在主次之分,也不存在嵌套关系).本文向读者介绍采用两因素析因设计一元定量资料方差分析处理定量资料时,在试验之前如何估计样本含量与检验效能.     

医学论文中统计学处理方法的选择

对于定量资料,应根据所采用的设计类型、资料性质和分析目的,选用合适的统计分析方法,不应盲目套用t检验和单因素方差分析;对于定性资料,应根据所采用的设计类型、定性变量的性质和频数所具备的条件以及分析目的,选用合适的统计分析方法,不应盲目套用χ^2检验;对于回归分析,应结合专业知识和散布图,选用合适的回归类型,不应盲目套用简单直线回归分析,对具有重复实验数据的回归分析资料,不应简单化处理;对于多因素、多指标资料,要在一元分析的基础上,     

样本量估计与检验效能分析（七）

所谓两因素析因设计,是指试验中涉及两个试验因素,不同的试验条件数等于两个试验因素的水平数的乘积,即由试验因素的水平全面组合而成。全部受试对象被完全随机地分配到各试验条件组中去。做试验时,全部试验因素同时施加（即无先后顺序之分）;对资料进行统计分析时,试验因素地位平等（即不存在主次之分,也不存在嵌套关系）。本文向读者介绍采用两因素析因设计一元定量资料方差分析处理定量资料时,在试验之前如何估计样本含量与检验效能。     

医学论文中统计分析方法的选择

对于定量资料 ,应根据所采用的设计类型、资料所具备的条件和分析目的 ,选用合适的统计分析方法 ,不应盲目套用t检验和单因素方差分析 ;对于定性资料 ,应根据所采用的设计类型、定性变量的性质和频数所具备的条件及分析目的 ,选用合适的统计分析方法 ,不应盲目套用 χ2 检验。对于回归分析 ,应结合专业知识和散布图 ,选用合适的回归类型 ,不应盲目套用简单直线回归分析 ,对具有重复实验数据的回归分析资料 ,不应简单化处理 ;对于多因素、多指标资料 ,要在一元分析的基础上 ,尽可能运用多元统计分析方法 ,以便对因素之间的交互作用和多指标之…     

医学论文中统计分析方法的选择

对于定量资料,应根据所采用的设计类型、资料所具备的条件和分析目的,选用合适的统计分析方法,不应盲目套用t检验和单因素方差分析;对于定性资料,应根据所采用的设计类型、定性变量的性质和频数所具备的条件及分析目的,选用合适的统计分析方法,不应盲目套用χ2 检验。对于回归分析,应结合专业知识和散布图,选用合适的回归类型,不应盲目套用简单直线回归分析,对具有重复实验数据的回归分析资料,不应简单化处理;对于多因素、多指标资料,要在一元分析的基础上,尽可能运用多元统计分析方法,以便对因素之间的交互作用和多指标之间的内在联系作出…     

《浙江医学》对来稿中统计学处理的有关要求

统计分析方法的选择对于定量资料,应根据所采用的设计类型、资料所具备的条件和分析目的,选用合适的统计分析方法,不应盲目套用ｔ检验和单因素方差分析;对于定性资料,应根据所采用的设计类型、定性变量的性质和频数所具备的条件以及分析目的,选用合适的统计分析方法,不应盲目套用χ２检验。对于回归分析,应结合专业知识和散布图,选用合适的回归类型,不应盲目套用简单直线回归分析,对具有重复实验数据检验回归分析资料,不应简单化处理;对于多因素、多指标资料,要在一元分析的基础上,尽可能运用多元统计分析方法,以便对因素之间的交互作用和多…     

医学论文中统计分析方法的选择

对于定量资料 ,应根据所采用的设计类型、资料所具备的条件和分析目的 ,选用合析方法 ,不应盲目套用t检验和单因素方差分析 ;对于定性资料 ,应根据所采用的设计类型、定性变量的性质和频数所具备的条件及分析目的 ,选用合适的统计分析方法 ,不应盲目套用 χ2 检验。对于回归分析 ,应结合专业知识和散布图 ,选用合适的回归类型 ,不应盲目套用简单直终身回归分析 ,对具有重复实验数据的回归分析资料 ,不应简单化处理 ;对于多因素、多指标资料 ,要在一元分析的基础上 ,尽可能运用多元统计分析方法 ,以使对因素之间的交互作用和多指标之间的内在…     

《疑难病杂志》对来稿中统计学处理的有关要求（二）

3．统计分析方法的选择对于定量资料,应根据所采用的设计类型、资料所具备的条件和分析目的,选用合适的统计分析方法,不应盲目套用t检验和单因素方差分析;对于定性资料,应根据所采用的设计类型、定性变量的性质和频数所具备的条件以及分析目的选用合适的统计分析方法。不应盲目套用r检验。对于回归分析,应结合专业知识和散布图,选用合适的回归类型,不应盲目套用简单直线回归分析,对具有重复实验数据的回归分析资料,不应简单化处理;对于多因素、多指标资料,要在一元分析的基础上：尽可能运用多元统计分析方法,以便对因素之间的交互作用和多指标之间的内在联系进行全面、合理的解释和评价。     

医学论文中统计学处理方法的选择和统计结果的解释及表达

1．统计分析方法的选择：对于定量资料，应根据所采用的设计类型、资料性质和分析目的，选用合适的统计分析方法，不应盲目套用t检验和单因素方差分析；对于定性资料，应根据所采用的设计类型、定性变量的性质和频数所具备的条件以及分析目的，选用合适的统计分析方法，不应盲目套用X^2检验；对于回归分析，应结合专业知识和分布图，选用合适的回归类型，不应盲目套用简单直线回归分析，对具有重复实验数据的回归分析资料，不应简单化处理；对于多因素、多指标资料，要在一元分析的基础上，尽可能运用多元统计分析方法，以便对因素之间的交互作用和多指标之间的内在联系作出全面、合理的解释和评价。[第一段]     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…