焦虑症伴发失眠与原发性失眠患者觉醒水平比较与分析

目的对比焦虑症伴发失眠与原发性失眠患者过度觉醒水平,探讨焦虑症伴发失眠特点。方法收集并分析20例正常睡眠者、25例焦虑症伴发失眠患者及26例原发性失眠患者的心率变异性、脑电频谱、24 h尿游离皮质醇数据。结果焦虑症伴发失眠患者及原发性失眠患者心率变异性低频/高频（LF/HF）、24 h尿游离皮质醇浓度、脑电谱频theta、alpha、sigma、beta、gamma相对功率值均高于正常睡眠人群,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;心率变异性高频（HF）、5 min平均心率标准差（SDANN）、RR间期标准差（SDNN）、相邻RR间期之差的均方根值（rMSSD）、爱丁堡指数（pNN50）、脑电谱频delta相对功率值均低于正常睡眠人群,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。焦虑症伴发失眠患者心率变异性低频/高频（LF/HF）、24 h尿游离皮质醇浓度、脑电谱频beta、gamma相对功率值均高于原发性失眠患者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;心率变异性HF、SDANN、SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50、脑电谱频delta相对功率值低于原发性失眠患者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论焦虑症伴发失眠与原发性失眠患者均存在过度觉醒,其中,焦虑症伴发失眠患者过度觉醒水平比原发性失眠患者高。     

基于P300的非器质性失眠症ERP特征及溯源分析

目的：探讨非器质性失眠症在事件相关电位下的P300特征和溯源分析。方法：将受试者分为健康对照组和非器质性失眠症组,各10例,采用EGI高密度脑电设备记录受试者任务态脑电及行为学数据,其中任务态脑电选择数字N-back任务。通过Net Station软件分析事件相关电位,提取Fz、Cz、Pz电极点的P300潜伏期、振幅以及行为学数据,并在GeoSource工具栏中进行溯源定位。比较2组溯源特征属性。结果：非器质性失眠症组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数总分及其各个组成部分评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分均高于健康对照组(P<0.05～P<0.01)。2组在0-back、1-back任务中的正确率、反应时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),2组在2-back任务中的正确率、反应时间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非器质性失眠症组在0-back任务中Fz点、1-back任务中Fz点的P300振幅均低于健康对照组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。非器质性失眠症组在2-back任务中Fz、Cz、Pz点的P300潜伏期均长于健康对照组(P<0.05)...     

<Emphasis FontCategory="SansSerif">Psychophysiological,Body Composition,Biomechanical and Autonomic Modulation Analysis Procedures in an Ultraendurance Mountain Race</Emphasis>

The current research aimed to analyze psychophysiological, body composition, biomechanical and autonomic modifications in an ultraendurance mountain race. We analyzed 11 finisher voluntary athletes that participated in a 51.2 km ultraendurance mountain race. We measured before and after the mountain ultraendurance event the following parameters: Rate of perceived exertion, body composition, cortical arousal, blood pressure, body temperature, forced vital capacity, blood oxygen saturation, isometric hand strength and heart rate variability parameters. The results of temperature, rate of perceived exertion, heart rate and the percentage of body water at the end of the race increased significantly. However, the variables of body weight, body fat, muscle, body mass index, abdominal fat, blood oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cortical arousal and hands and legs strength significantly decreased after the race. The square root of the average of the sum of the differences squared between normal adjacent R-R intervals, percentage of differences between normal adjacent R-R intervals, high-frequency, sensitivity of the short-term variability, and long-term variability decreased significantly after the race. By contrary low-frequency increased significantly at the end of the race. An ultraendurance mountain event produced a large anticipatory anxiety response, an increase in sympathetic modulation, body fat consumption, percentage of body water, and RPE, not affecting the cortical arousal.     

精神分裂症静息态下alpha活动和认知水平的相关性

目的 探究精神分裂症患者静息状态下的alpha频段能量和认知水平的相关性。方法 本研究选取22例精神分裂症患者及23例匹配的健康对照,通过中文版精神分裂症认知功能成套测验(MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, MCCB)评估其认知功能,同时记录被试在睁眼和闭眼静息态下的脑电信号,比较两组在左侧额叶区(F3、F7)、右侧额叶区(F4、F8)、左侧中央区(T3、C3)、右侧中央区(T4、C4)、左后部脑区(T5、P3、O1)、右后部脑区(T6、P4、O2),以及中线Fz、 CPz、 Pz、Oz这4个位点的alpha相对功率,并探讨其与认知水平的相关性。结果 除社会认知维度外,精神分裂症组在MCCB测验的其他各维度得分均显著低于正常对照(P＜0.001)。在闭眼状态下,精神分裂症组全脑的alpha波相对功率均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);睁眼状态下,精神分裂症组的后部脑区,以及中线 CPz、 Pz、Oz电极alpha波相对功率均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。在精神分裂症组,患者闭眼状态的所有脑区alpha波相对功率与其完成MCCB测评的总分,信息处理速度维度得分,推理和问题解决维度得分和言语学习与记忆维度得分均呈现正相关(P＜0.05);患者睁眼状态的alpha波相对功率与其完成MCCB测评的总分,信息处理速度维度得分,言语学习与记忆维度得分均呈现正相关(P＜0.05)。结论 精神分裂症患者认知水平存在多维度损害,静息状态下alpha水平和患者信息处理速度,推理和问题解决及言语学习与记忆等认知能力存在正相关,提示静息状态下的alpha水平或可作为精神分裂症患者认知水平受损的生物学指标。     

A Study of Visual Event-Related Potential and Reaction Time in Elderly People: Comparative Analysis of the Scores of Intelligence Test in 30 Subjects

The results of visual event-related potential(ERP)examinations and reactiontime(RT)tests were reported in 30 elders and compared with their performanceintellegence quotient(PIQ)scores.The subjects consisted of 18 males and 12 femalesaged 50-71(mean 61.4)years old.No history of central nervous system disease wasfound.The visual stimuli were randomly presented to the subject,including three sym-bols:E as target stimulus with 0.15 probability,and H and E as nontarget stimuliwith 0.15 and 0.70 probability respectively.The recording electrodes were placed on Fzand Pz.The duration from the subject seeing the target to touching a button immediatelywas considered as reaction time(RT).It was shown that the P3 latency at Pz was longer than that at Fz and the P3amplitude at Pz was larger than that at Fz,and that the RT was longer than P3 latencywith obvious effect of distribution(P<0.05 at Fz and P>0.05 at Pz)as well .The higherthe PIQ scores,the longer the RT and the P3 latency.It is suggested that the ERPmight reflect the differences of PIQ scores,and the P3 is an objective index.We considerthat the research of ERP is of great interest in the neuropsychological and neurological sci-ences.     

The effect of betel nut on human performance

The effects of low doses of betel nut on early-stage visual information processing were examined, using a cross-over experimental design. Three assessment measures were used, critical flicker fusion (an index of the efficiency of the visual processing system), heart rate, and analogue scales of subjective alertness. Only heart rate was shown to be significantly elevated, immediately following betel nut administration. From these results, it was concluded that there is no evidence to suggest that betel nut usage facilitates visual information processing at low-dose levels in habituated subjects, but there is some evidence that peripheral stimulation occurs.     

Use of Biotechnology Devices to Analyse Fatigue Process in Swimming Training

The aim of the present research was to analyze the acute psycho-physiological response during a high intensity interval training (HIIT) session of trained swimmers. We analyzed blood lactate concentration, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), arms isometric strength, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and cortical arousal before and after a HIIT session in 14 trained swimmers (16.2 ± 2.6 years 169.1 ± 10.2 cm 61.3 ± 9.9 kg). HIIT session consisted in: 4 × 10 m tethered swimming resting 90 s between sets, 3 min rest, 16 × 25 m maximum speed swimming resting 30 s between sets. Blood lactate concentration, cortical arousal, and rating of perceived exertion significantly increased (p < 0.05) after HIIT. HRV parameters significantly decreased after HIIT, showing an increase in sympathetic nervous system modulation. Results obtained showed the high impact of HIIT sessions on the swimmer’s organism, which may be the cause of adaptation in this low volume training sessions.     

α-酮戊二酸对健康成人饮酒后事件相关电位p300的影响

目的通过测定事件相关电位（ERP）p300来评估大量饮酒对健康成人认知能力的影响及饮酒时服用α-酮戊二酸改善认知能力的作用。方法选择5位健康在职职工进行临床问诊、体格检查及精神评估,每位受试者均接受3次试验,分别在连续的3周内进行。第1周的周一进行第1次实验,给予5ml／kg体重的饮用水;第2周的周一进行第2次实验,给予5ml／kg体重的38％乙醇;第3周的周一进行第3次实验。给予5ml／kg体重的38％乙醇加1mg α-酮戊二酸。每次实验中均在给予干预后60min抽血进行血生化指标、血乙醇及乙醛浓度测定,然后进行ERPp300测定。结果3组间血生化指标的差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;血乙醇及血乙醛浓度在饮酒或饮酒并服用α-酮戊二酸时较不饮酒时显著升高（P〈O．05）,并有统计学意义,而饮酒和饮酒并服用α-酮戊二酸两种情况之间比较,血乙醇及乙醛浓度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;饮酒后p300在Fz、Cz、Pz三点的波幅降低．与不饮酒相比有统计学差异;饮酒并服用α-酮戊二酸较只饮酒相比p300在Fz、Cz、Pz3点的波幅升高差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;3次实验间p300在各点的潜伏期无统计学差异。结论大量饮酒后人的认知能力降低,饮酒时服用α-酮戊二酸可改善因饮酒引起的人认知能力的降低。     

基于融合反馈式粒子滤波器的多目标跟踪算法

针对足球视频中多球员跟踪问题,提出一种基于融合反馈式粒子滤波的多目标跟踪算法。该算法将球员状态的检测信息与球员的动力学模型结合,设计粒子滤波算法的建议分布,使其能融合最新的观测数据,并由此对下一帧球员可能的状态进行抽样,然后计算各抽样与参考模板间的相似度,最终通过估计球员状态来达到跟踪目的。仿真实验结果表明：本文提出的跟踪算法能较好地解决不同球员间的遮挡问题,实现多名球员的跟踪,具有较好的实时性和鲁棒性。     

Artificial Intelligence Based Skin Classification Using GMM

The number of computer game users is increasing as computers and various IT devices in connection with the Internet are commonplace in all ages. In this research, in order to find the relevance of behavioral activity and its associated biosignal, biosignal changes before and after as well as during computer games were measured and analyzed for 31 subjects. For this purpose, a device to measure electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram and skin temperature was developed such that the effect of motion artifacts could be minimized. The device was made wearable for convenient measurement. The game selected for the experiments was League of Legends?. Analysis on the pulse transit time, heart rate variability and skin temperature showed increased sympathetic nerve activities during computer game, while the parasympathetic nerves became less active. Interestingly, the sympathetic predominance group showed less change in the heart rate variability as compared to the normal group. The results can be valuable for studying internet gaming disorder.     

基于多尺度熵和支持向量机的人体脑疲劳状态检测研究

目的探索多尺度熵结合支持向量机的方法是否可以有效检测人体脑疲劳状态,进而比较不同脑皮层位置的电极检测脑疲劳的效果。方法通过持续认知负荷任务建立脑疲劳模型,采用一款便携式脑电设备采集12名实验对象清醒和疲劳状态的脑电信号,以多尺度熵为特征,结合支持向量机算法对两种状态的脑电进行分类。结果在进行持续认知负荷任务后,实验对象的疲劳程度明显上升,NASA-TLX和KSS量表结果均具有显著的统计学差异(P<0.01);在额叶Fpz、顶叶Pz和枕叶Oz三个电极,实验对象清醒和疲劳状态脑电信号的平均分类准确率分别为92.16%、81.63%和90.54%,其中Fpz和Oz电极之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05),二者和Pz电极之间有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论多尺度熵结合支持向量机可以有效地对人体清醒和脑疲劳状态进行检测,Fpz和Oz电极比Pz电极的检测效果更好。     

不同内容性刺激诱发成年男性性唤起的事件相关电位差异研究

目的探讨不同内容视觉性刺激诱发成年男性性唤起时事件相关电位特征的差异。方法采用内隐情绪诱发任务和改进后的双选择Oddball范式,利用事件相关电位技术,记录男一女色情图片、男性裸体图片与女性裸体图片诱发15名健康成年男性性唤起时脑电生理变化的差异。结果三类性图片诱发额中央区（Fz）N2波幅、顶中央区（Pz）P3波幅[分别为：男一女性活动图片（2．32±1．70）IxV、（16．62±2．16）txV;男性裸体图片（1．58±1．33）txV、（15．82±1．64）txV;女性裸体图片（1．23±1．47）μV、（14．54±2．00）μV]均差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;但三类性图片诱发N2、P3波幅均显著大于中性人物图片[（-6．01±1．35）μV、（11．36±1．81）μV]（均P〈0．05）;三类性图片诱发中央区（Cz）的PSW波幅差异具有统计学意义,其中男一女性活动图片[（12．59±1．13）μV]诱发的PSW波幅显著大于女性裸体图片[（10．38±0．76）μV]和男性裸体图片[（8．80±0．89）μV],（均P〈0．05）,但女性裸体图片和男性裸体图片诱发的PSW波幅差异无统计学意义（P=0．25）。结论高度暴露的男一女性活动图片诱发成年男性最强的性唤起及消耗最多的注意资源,性唤起维持时间也最长。     

Combat Stress Decreases Memory of Warfighters in Action

The present research aimed to analyze the effect of combat stress in the psychophysiological response and attention and memory of warfighters in a simulated combat situation. Variables of blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood glucose, blood lactate, body temperature, lower body muscular strength manifestation, cortical arousal, autonomic modulation, state anxiety and memory and attention through a postmission questionnaire were analyzed before and after a combat simulation in 20 male professional Spanish Army warfighters. The combat simulation produces a significant increase (p < 0.05) in explosive leg strength, rated perceived exertion, blood glucose, blood lactate, somatic anxiety, heart rate, and low frequency domain of the HRV (LF) and a significant decrease of high frequency domain of the heart rate variability (HF). The percentage of correct response in the postmission questionnaire parameters show that elements more related with a physical integrity threat are the most correctly remembered. There were significant differences in the postmission questionnaire variables when participants were divided by the cortical arousal post: sounds no response, mobile phone correct, mobile phone no response, odours correct. The correlation analysis showed positive correlations: LF post/body temperature post, HF post/correct sound, body temperature post/glucose post, CFFTpre/lactate post, CFFT post/wrong sound, glucose post/AC pre, AC post/wrong fusil, AS post/SC post and SC post/wrong olfactory; and negative correlations: LF post/correct sound, body temperature post/lactate post and glucose post/lactate post. This data suggest that combat stress actives fight-flight system of soldiers. As conclusion, Combat stress produces an increased psychophysiological response that cause a selective decrease of memory, depending on the nature, dangerous or harmless of the objects.     

Effectiveness of Psycho-Physiological Portable Devices to Analyse Effect of Ergogenic Aids in Military Population

Caffeine is one of the ergogenic substances most used by warfighters in current operation areas, but the effect on the organic response and operational performed is already poor knowledge. This research aimed to study the acute effect of 400 mg of caffeine monohydrate on the psycho-physiological response and rifle marksmanship of warfighters during a close quarter combat simulation. We analysed parameter of heart rate, blood lactate, cortical arousal, state anxiety and marksmanship of 20 Spanish Army veteran warfighters before and after a close quarter combat simulation in a double-blind procedure, also a correlation analysis was conducted between all the study variables. Marksmanship of warfighters did not improve with the caffeine ingestion, but it produced an increase in blood lactate concentration (caffeine: 1.9?±?0.5 vs. 9.2?±?1.1 mmol.l^?1; placebo: 1.8?±?0.7 vs. 6.9?±?2.2 mmol.l^?1), cortical arousal (% of change: caffeine: 2.51; placebo: ?1.96) and heart rate (caffeine: 80.0?±?7.2 vs. 172.9?±?28.2 bpm; placebo: 79.3?±?6.4 vs. 154.0?±?26.8 bpm). In addition, higher heart rate values correlated negatively with marksmanship in close quarter combat. We concluded that caffeine intake did not improve the warfighters rifle marksmanship in close quarter combat possibly due to the increase in the physiological response.     

High school football injuries: field conditions and other factors

This study was conducted to identify factors that were associated with injuries during 59 varsity high school football games in 1987. For each injury, medical personnel recorded data on the type and body location of each injury, player position, specific player activity at the time of injury, the quarter of the game, the week of the season, playing field conditions, and ambient air temperature. We found injury frequencies, types, body locations and seasonal and game quarter distributions similar to previous reports. This study demonstrated a previously unreported association between playing field condition and injury rate.     

A 4-year epidemiological injury analysis in a Japanese male professional basketball team in terms of racial differences in injury patterns

Objective: To analyze injury patterns in a male Japanese professional basketball team of this new league, with a particular focus on the difference between injuries of Asian and non-Asian players.Patients and Methods: During four basketball seasons, we analyzed all injuries in a B2 league team. We investigated the injury rate (IR), game injury rate (GIR), practice injury rate (PIR), pathology, and body area of each injury. Player demographics and injuries were collected from a database, which was updated by the team’s athletic trainer.Results: In total, 47 injuries in 51 players during the 4-year seasons were included. The IRs overall, in Asian, and in non-Asian players were 4.42, 4.37, and 3.11/1000 player hours (PH), respectively. The GIR (47.16/1000 PH overall, 4.37 in Asian, and 3.11 in non-Asians) was significantly higher than the PIR (1.50/1000 PH overall, 1.66 in Asian, and 0.84 in non-Asian; P<0.001 in all groups). Injuries of the upper body occurred only in Asian players (n=17; 51%, P=0.022). Most injuries occurred in the lower extremities than in other body parts (n=30; 64%, P<0.001), for which Asian and non-Asian players showed similar tendencies. Ankle sprains were the most common acute injury (n=7; 15%, P=0.007), while joint problems were the most common chronic injury (n=7; 15%, P=0.046).Conclusion: In this Japanese basketball team, the GIR of Asian, non-Asian, and overall players was higher than that of PIR. Injuries of the upper body were more frequent in Asian players than in non-Asian players in this league. Ankle sprains were the most common injury in both groups, while acute skin injuries occurred predominantly in Asian players. Prevention programs should be developed for injuries of the upper body in Asian players and those with lower extremity injuries.     

A historical perspective of injuries in professional football. Twenty-six years of game-related events

A professional football franchise was studied consecutively from 1960 through 1985 for injuries incurred during regular-season games. A "significant" injury was defined as one requiring the player to miss at least two consecutive games (N = 331) and a "major" injury as one that caused the player to miss at least eight games or the equivalent time (N = 130). Significant injuries averaged 0.89 per game and major injuries 0.35 per game for the entire 26 years. Following a high injury rate prior to 1965, significant injury rates were episodic. Major injuries declined (rs = -.68; P less than .01). Since the team's first games on synthetic surfaces in 1968, there was no difference in the rates of significant injuries per game (0.57 vs 0.67) or major injuries per game (0.22 vs 0.33) between games played on grass or artificial turf, respectively. Since 1969 there has been a decline in major knee injuries (rs = -.51; P less than .05) and a decline in major injuries incurred during special-teams play (rs = -.55; P less than .05). The data indicate that this team suffered fewer injuries with the passing of time, primarily in injuries that caused a player to miss at least eight consecutive games. Observations of short duration do not lend themselves to current media perception that injury rates are higher and more serious today in professional football.     

Glycaemic threshold for changes in electroencephalograms during hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes

The relation between blood glucose concentration, the symptoms and signs of hypoglycaemia, and electroencephalographic changes in diabetic patients is not known. The effect of hypoglycaemia on brain function was studied in 13 patients with insulin dependent diabetes. During a gradual fall in blood glucose concentration induced by a bolus injection of insulin followed by an intravenous infusion of insulin, during 60 minutes of biochemical hypoglycaemia, and after restoration of normoglycaemia with intravenous glucose electroencephalograms were evaluated continuously by period-amplitude analysis; blood samples were taken every 10 minutes throughout. No changes were seen in electroencephalograms when the blood glucose concentration was above 3 mmol/l. At a median blood glucose concentration of 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 2.3) mmol/l alpha activity decreased abruptly in the electroencephalograms concomitant with an increase in theta activity, reflecting neuronal dysfunction in the cortex. When the blood glucose concentration was further lowered changes were observed in the electroencephalograms indicating that deeper brain structures were affected. A normal electroencephalogram was re-established at a blood glucose concentration of 2.0 (1.8 to 2.1) mmol/l. There was no significant correlation between the blood glucose concentration at the onset of changes in the electroencephalograms and age, duration of diabetes, insulin dose, haemoglobin A1c concentration, initial blood glucose concentration, rate of fall in blood glucose concentration, and appearance of symptoms and signs of hypoglycaemia. Changes in electroencephalograms during hypoglycaemia appear and disappear at such a narrow range of blood glucose concentrations that the term threshold blood glucose concentration for the onset of such changes seems justified.     

小提琴训练对随意运动脑区激活的影响

目的观察小提琴练习者和普通被试在运动准备和执行阶段脑激活的差异。方法利用事件相关功能磁共振研究8名被试（其中1名小提琴练习者）在执行运动准备和执行任务时大脑皮层激活情况。利用AFNI软件生成激活图和时间反应曲线。用单样本t检验比较练习者和普通被试的激活体积。结果所有被试准备和执行时运动区激活。练习者激活体积和激活强度较普通被试少，且左侧化更明显。结论小提琴练习者与普通被试执行相同的运动任务时，脑区激活存在差异。     

视屏显示终端对作业者健康影响的研究

本研究采用横断面流行病学调查方法对４５１名视屏显示终端（ＶＤＴ）作业者和４３２名普通读写对照的视觉，肌肉、骨骼、中枢神经及其它系统症状发生频度进行了调查，并对６５名ＶＤＴ作业者的作业前后的视力，调节近点、泪量、瞬目次数、角膜荧光素染色、临界闪烁融合频率和视度进行了现场测试。研究结果表明：ＶＤＴ作业对肌肉、骨骼系统影响的主要部位是下背、手腕、上臂、颈部和肩部。ＶＤＴ作业者视觉，肌肉、骨骼和中枢神经等系统症状现患率均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＶＤＴ作业者工作１年后的视力＜５．Ｏ者显著多于就业前（Ｐ＜０．０１），作业后调节近点显著大于作业前（Ｐ＜０．０１），而泪量、临界闪烁融合频率和视度值作业后均显著低于作业前（Ｐ＜０．０１），作业者视疲劳增长量为１．４８，作业后角膜荧光素染色率显著高于作业前（Ｐ＜０．０１），且发现作业期间瞬目次数呈下降之趋势。