从四诊浅谈中医情志护理

中医护理极为重视情志与疾病的关系。并将情志活动具体分为喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊．亦称“七情”。七情太过是内伤杂病的重要致病因素。不同的情志变化，可以伤及相应脏腑的气机而发病。如喜伤心，怒伤肝．思伤脾，悲伤肺，惊恐伤肾．且有喜则气缓，悲则气消，恐则气下，惊则气乱．思则之结之说。故情志的观察及护理是临床护理工作中极为重要的一部分。观察方法，即用“四诊”。     

情志护理在临床工作中的应用

所谓情,即七情,是指喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊七种情志变化;以喜、怒、思、悲、恐为代表分属五脏,称为五志,合之为情志。情志活动是以五脏的精气作为物质基础的,七情为五脏精气所化生。人的不同情志活动与五脏有相对应的规律,如心在志为喜,肝在志为怒,脾在志为思,肺在志为忧,     

论传统中医心理疗法的情志观

情志是心理学研究的重要内容 ,它是人对客观事物的态度体验 ,是人的需求是否得到满足的反映。在我国古代 ,情绪通常被称为“情志” ,《白虎通·情性》一书中有“六情”之说 ,《黄帝内经》提出“五情学说” ,即“喜、怒、悲、忧、恐” ,“五精所并 :精气并于心则喜 ,并于肺则忧 ,并于脾则思 ,并于肾则恐”[1 ] 。宋代医家陈无择综合了《内经》中的各种说法 ,提出了“七情”说 ,“七情者 ,喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊是也。”这种七情分类法至今沿用。1　情志与脏腑气血的关系传统中医学在长期的医疗实践基础上 ,指出人的心理活动与生理活动之…     

加强心理护理,提高护理质量

临床经验表明,精神因素对疾病的产生、治疗及转归有很大的影响.祖国医学认为,人有喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊的情志变化,亦称"七情".其中,怒、喜、思、忧、恐为五志,五志与五脏有着密切的维系.<内经>有"怒伤肝,悲胜怒"、"喜伤心,恐胜喜"、"思伤脾、怒胜思"、"忧伤肺,喜胜忧"、"恐伤肾,思胜悲"等理论.这充分证明精神因素与人体生理功能之间的密切联系.因此,为了消除患者的心理障碍,必须做好心理护理工作.     

中医的病因学说(之五)七情内伤说

七情,是指人类的七种情志活动,包括:喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊等。“情志”,是中医学的特有名词,是对现代心理学中情绪的特有称谓。人类所有的情绪变化,都可以称之为情志活动,七情则是其中七种具体的情志。又如爱、恨、羞怯等等,也属于情志范畴。不同的情志,是由人类对外界事     

从《黄帝内经》情志致瘀看对心血管病发生发展的影响

情志即中医所指喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊等七种情绪变化。七情是人精神意识对客观事物的反应、与内脏相关的心理过程。一般情况下并小致病。但如如果情志刺激突然、强烈或长久超过人体生理调节极限，就会导致五脏气机失调，进而血行障碍，最终致血瘀。     

试论情志致病

祖国医学认为,喜、怒、忧、恩、悲、恐、惊,是人体正常的情志活动,分屑五脏,但五志过极又是人体发病的重要因素,尤其内伤疾病多因情志变化而得。《素问·举痛论》就有“百病皆生于气,怒则气上,喜则气缓,悲则气消,恐则气下,惊则气乱,……思则气结”的论述。因而情志失调,气机不畅,升降失常,可以发生多种疾病。《素问·阴阳应象大论》说:“肝在志为怒,怒者伤肝”。肝主疏泄,喜舒而恶郁,与全身气机升降密切相关。疏泄太过,则肝气实,肝实则怒,过怒气上逆,则见急躁易怒,头晕目眩,两胁胀痛,月经量多,甚则两目红赤涩痛。气为血之帅,气郁则血滞,气虚则血脱,气升则血逆而上行,     

中医解密七情

七情，属于精神活动范畴，包括喜、怒、思、忧、悲、恐、惊等情志的变化，通常情绪的波动不会危害人的健康，但太过的情绪波动，则会影响健康，并可引发一些疾病。     

漫谈情志为病

祖国医学所谓的七情，即喜，怒，忧，思，悲，恐，惊，是人类持有的七种情志变化。     

抑郁症的中医辨证治疗

中医把喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊七种精神情志活动称为“七情”。如果长期情志不遂或突然发生精神创伤,就会引起体内阴阳、气血及脏腑的功能失调,从而导致疾病的发生,谓之“内伤七情”。早在《黄帝内经》中就提出了“人有五脏,化五气,以生喜、怒、思（忧）、悲、恐（惊）。七情内伤五脏相应为：喜伤心,怒伤肝,忧思伤脾,悲伤肺,惊恐伤肾。抑郁症就是指情志不遂发展到严重的程度,并持续存在相当长的时间,出现损害健康及社会适应能力的一种神经症。以抑郁心境、思维迟缓和意志活动减退为临床特征。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.