全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的效果观察

目的:观察和比较全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析本院骨科2016年2月-2017年12月住院期间实施外科手术治疗的80例老年股骨颈骨折患者病例资料,根据选择髋关节置换手术的类型将其分为全髋关节置换术组(A组)和半髋关节置换术组(B组),各40例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、总引流量及完全负重时间,术后3、6个月髋关节Harris评分、假体髋臼前倾角及假体髋臼外展角变化,以及术后6个月并发症发生情况。结果:两组术后住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组手术时间、术中出血量及总引流量均明显高于B组,完全负重时间明显短于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后3、6个月Harris评分及假体髋臼前倾角均明显高于B组,假体髋臼外展角明显低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后6个月感染、假体松动、髋部疼痛及静脉栓塞并发症发生率为12.50%,明显低于B组的25.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:老年股骨颈骨折患者实施全髋关节置换术疗效优于半髋关节置换术,有助于髋关节功能尽快恢复,术后并发症发生率也明显降低。     

老年股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换或人工股骨头置换的护理

目的 比较髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效及护理.方法 对56例患者随机分为A、B两组,分别行全髋关节置换和人工股骨头置换术.分别记录手术时间、术中失血量、并发症及相应护理,术前、术后定期随访Harris髋关节功能评分等.结果 A组的手术时间、术中失血量高于B组,A、B组术后定期随访时Harris评分均较术前有明显改善,随访3年时A组Harris评分优于B组,两组护理均满意.结论 髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折均可达到较满意的效果,且全髋关节置换远期效果优于人工股骨头置换,护理难度无明显差异.     

髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的应用效果探究

目的 探讨髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效.方法 92例老年股骨颈骨折患者随机分为两组,其中50例行全髋关节置换手术,42例行半髋关节置换手术,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症及患髋Harris功能评分.结果 全部患者均随访1年以上.对照组手术时间、住院时间均短于观察组,术中出血量较少,并发症发生率高于观察组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组术后3个月、1年时随访Harris评分比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 髋关节置换术是目前老年股骨颈骨新手术治疗的有效方法,患者身体健康状况许可,有严格要求生活质量及围术期护理措施相对严密的状态下,应首选全髋关节置换术.     

人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换在治疗老年股骨颈骨折中的疗效比较

目的:比较全髋关节置换术(THR)与人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:对2003-2007年我院收治的63例老年股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性研究分析,根据病例不同的治疗方式分为全髋关节置换术组(A组)和人工股骨头置换组(B组),随访时间3年1个月-3年8个月(平均42个月)。从手术时间、出血量、住院天数,术后不良反应和Harris评分等方面进行比较分析。结果:A组手术时间和出血量高于B组,两组比较差异有统计学差异(P<0.05);术后1年A组优良率和B组无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3年A组优良率高于B组,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组和B组两组住院时间没有明显差异(P>0.05);两组不良反应比较:A组和B组各有1例在术后出现患侧髋部红肿、疼痛,经证实无假体周围感染,对症治疗后痊愈。结论:人工股骨头置换和全髋关节置换术是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法,可提高老年人的生活质量,减低术后并发症的发生率,但全髋关节置换的效果优于人工股骨头置换。     

两种手术方案治疗老年股骨颈骨折 合并移位的疗效及费用比较

目的 探讨空心钉内固定方案和全髋关节置换方案对合并移位老年股骨颈骨折患者的疗效及费用 比较。方法 选取2013 年6 月-2015 年6 月该院收治合并移位老年股骨颈骨折的130 例患者,根据手术方案不 同将其分为A 组和B 组,每组各65 例。分别采用空心钉内固定方案和全髋关节置换方案治疗;比较两组手术 相关临床指标、术后髋关节功能恢复效果、术后Harris 评分、2 次手术率、术后并发症发生率及治疗费用等。 结果 A 组手术用时和术中失血量均优于B 组（P <0.05）;B 组术后首次锻炼时间短于A 组（P <0.05）;B 组 术后髋关节功能恢复效果优于A 组（P <0.05）;B 组术后第3、6、12、18 及24 个月Harris 评分均高于A 组 （P <0.05）;B 组2 次手术率低于A 组（P <0.05）;两组术后并发症发生率比较无差异（P >0.05）;B 组首次 手术费用高于A 组（P <0.05）;B 组2 次手术费用低于A 组（P <0.05）;两组总治疗费用比较,差异无统计学 意义（P >0.05）。结论 全髋关节置换方案用于合并移位老年股骨颈骨折患者治疗可加快术后康复进程,改善 髋关节活动功能,降低2 次手术风险,且未增加总治疗费用;而空心钉内固定方案则有助于降低手术操作难度, 减少术中医源性创伤。     

3种手术方式治疗中老年股骨颈骨折疗效对比分析

目的股骨颈骨折严重影响中老年人的身心健康和生活质量,探讨半髋关节置换术、全髋关节置换术和切开复位内固定术治疗中老年股骨颈骨折疗效,为治疗此年龄段股骨颈骨折提供临床依据。方法回顾性调查研究161例股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,其中采用半髋关节置换术56例(A组)、全髋关节置换术45例(B组),切开复位内固定术60例(C组),比较3种手术方式的时间、术中失血量和术后活动下地时间,采用髋关节Harris评分比较不同治疗方式的疗效。结果A、B组的术后下地活动时间显著短于C组(P<0.05),A组术后评分优良率显著高于C组(P<0.05);但C组的手术时间及术中出血量显著少于A、B组(P<0.05)。结论髋关节置换术和切开复位内固定术均为治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的有效措施,建议以个体化医疗为原则,根据骨折类型、患者状况、年龄选择合适手术方式。     

人工全髋关节置换术和股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折临床疗效分析

目的：比较人工全髋关节置换术和股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效,并进行总结分析,探讨手术方法的选择。方法：选取我院2010年12月至2014年6月期间入院的股骨颈骨折老年患者98例为研究对象,其中行人工全髋关节置换术者50例,设为髋关节置组(A 组);行股骨头置换术者48例,设为股骨头置换组(B 组)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术前准备、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率及住院时间,并综合分析两组患者的临床治疗效果。对以上患者进行跟踪随访,观察远期疗效。结果：与 B 组相比,A 组手术时间及术中出血量明显增加(P<0.05),而术后并发症显著减少(P <0.05);两组患者住院时间无明显差异(P>0.05);两组术后1年 Harris 评分优良率无明显差异(P >0.05);A 组术后2年和3年的优良率分别为78.0％和56.0％,均显著高于 B 组(P<0.05)。结论：人工全髋关节置换术和股骨头置换术对于治疗老年股骨颈骨折均具有效果,但人工全髋关节置换术的长期疗效更优于股骨头置换术。     

人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折临床疗效对比

目的：对比在老年股骨颈骨折患者中应用人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换术的效果。方法：100例老年股骨颈骨折患者,按照不同的手术方式,分为A组与B组,分别给予全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术治疗,比较两组治疗效果及安全性。结果：A组手术时间显著长于B组,且术中出血量、术后引流量等均显著多于B组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;两组不良反应发生率及术后1年的髋关节功能Harris评分优良率对比,差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）,但A组术后3年的Harris评分优良率显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论：人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换术均能有效治疗老年股骨颈骨折,术后不良反应均较少,但全髋关节置换术的远期效果更佳,应根据患者的具体病情及耐受度选择适宜的手术方式。     

髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的应用效果探究

目的探讨髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法 92例老年股骨颈骨折患者随机分为两组,其中50例行全髋关节置换手术,42例行半髋关节置换手术,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症及患髋Harris功能评分。结果全部患者均随访1年以上。对照组手术时间、住院时间均短于观察组,术中出血量较少,并发症发生率高于观察组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后3个月、1年时随访Harris评分比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论髋关节置换术是目前老年股骨颈骨折手术治疗的有效方法,患者身体健康状况许可,有严格要求生活质量及围术期护理措施相对严密的状态下,应首选全髋关节置换术。     

全髋关节置换术与人工双极股骨头置换术治疗老年新鲜移位股骨颈骨折的近期疗效比较

目的探讨全髋关节置换术与人工双极股骨头置换术治疗老年新鲜移位股骨颈骨折的近期疗效差异。方法将68例新鲜移位股骨颈骨折老年患者按数字法随机分为A组和B组各34例38髋,A组使用人工双极股骨头置换术治疗,B组使用全髋关节置换术治疗。比较2组老年患者术后近期疗效,包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量,以及术后并发症发生情况和患髋Harris评分。结果 A组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量均明显低于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组近期并发症发生率以及住院时间、住院费用差异不明显(P>0.05);术后B组Harris评分为(87.6±2.3)分,显著高于A组的(72.4±3.3)分,且B组优良率(84.2%)高于A组(71.1%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2种方法治疗老年新鲜移位股骨颈骨折具有各自特点,人工双极股骨头置换术创伤小、出血少,而全髋关节置换术后患髋功能强,临床应根据患者需求选择治疗方法。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

新型姜黄素纳米胶束丝素凝胶的制备及其质量表征

目的：采用自主合成新材料VES-g-PLL制备姜黄素纳米胶束（CUR-NMs）并评价其质量,结合丝素水凝胶制备成CUR-NMs丝素凝胶,为治疗银屑病的姜黄素药物新制剂开发提供参考。方法：应用注入法制备包载姜黄素的VES-g-PLL纳米胶束,测定其微观形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率、载药量及释放度等质量评价指标后与丝素蛋白溶液混合超声处理形成CUR-NMs丝素凝胶。通过扫描电镜、HPLC及激光共聚焦显微镜测定CUR-NMs丝素凝胶的微观形态、体外药物释放度及皮肤渗透性。结果：载药纳米胶束呈标准的椭球形、分散均匀、粘连少;粒径为（31.14±7.86）nm、Zeta为（16.70±1.45）mV,包封率高达（82.21%±4.32%）。CUR-NMs丝素凝胶的微观形态为3D网状结果,CUR-NMs以絮状物形式黏附于凝胶3D结构表面,体外药物释放度实验结果显示78 h后CUR-NMs药物累计释放约49%,而CUR-NMs丝素凝胶的药物累计释放约为30%;同时在体皮肤渗透试验显示相比于姜黄素溶液凝胶,应用CUR-NMs丝素凝胶能够显著增加药物的透皮渗透性能。结论：应用新材料VES-g-PLL制备的载药纳米胶束结合丝素凝胶能够实现难溶性药物姜黄素的缓释及透皮吸收,有望成为治疗银屑病等慢性皮肤炎症疾病的一种新方法。     

基于正念的补充替代疗法对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖水平和炎性因子及脂肪因子的影响研究

背景 妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的发病率居高不下,且在全球普遍流行,在中国GDM发生率高达14.8%,妊娠期高血糖严重威胁母婴健康。目的 探讨GDM孕妇采用基于正念的补充替代疗法的干预效果。方法2021年3—12月采用便利抽样法选取在长沙市中心医院门诊进行产前检查的64例GDM孕妇,采用随机数字表法分为试验组(n=31)和对照组(n=33)。对照组采取常规心理护理、饮食宣教、运动指导,试验组在常规心理护理基础上采用8周基于正念的补充替代疗法。收集患者基线资料,比较两组孕妇干预前后血糖水平及炎性因子、丝氨酸蛋白抑制剂(vaspin)水平,随访新生儿结局指标(出生体质量、随机血糖)。结果 干预后试验组孕妇空腹血糖、餐后1 h血糖、餐后2h血糖、白介素6、白介素8、肿瘤坏死因子α、vaspin水平低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后试验组空腹血糖、餐后1h血糖、餐后2 h血糖、白介素6、白介素8、肿瘤坏死因子α、vaspin低于干预前(P<0.05);试验组GDM孕妇分娩时体质量、分娩时体质指数、妊娠期增重、分娩前糖化血红蛋白,新生儿出生体质量均低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组...     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

高尿酸血症肾病大鼠血中环核苷酸性激素水平及中西药影响

目的观察高尿酸血症肾病大鼠血中环核苷酸、性激素水平及别嘌醇片、痛风颗粒干预的影响。探讨高尿酸血症肾病大鼠发病机制及中西药的治疗机制。方法普通级雄性sD大鼠80只,随机分成8组,每组10只,1组为造模后自然恢复组,2组为中药Ⅰ号治疗组,3组为中药Ⅱ号治疗组,4组为西药别嘌醇治疗组,5组为中药Ⅱ号1／2量治疗组,6组为中药Ⅲ号治疗组,7组为模型组,8组为正常对照组。实验结束时,取血测定环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）、环磷酸乌苷（cGMP）、雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）含量。结果模型组cAMP／cGMP比值显著升高（P〈0．001）,中药治疗后,cAMP／cGMP比值下降（与模型组比P〈0．001）,接近正常组水平。模型组E2／T比值升高,中药治疗后E2／T比值下降。结论血尿酸的升降与环核苷酸比值、性激素比值的变化,存在着某种联系;中药痛风颗粒对高尿酸血症肾病大鼠血中环核苷酸、性激素水平有良好的调节作用,而别嘌醇片无此作用。     

Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of Careya arborea Roxb.

Objective

To study detailed pharmacognostic profile of leaves and stem of Careya arborea (C. arborea) Roxb. (Lecthyidaceae), an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine.

Methods

Leaf and stem samples of C. arborea were studied by macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical, fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO.

Results

Macroscopically, the leaves are simple, broadly obovate in shape, acuminate apex with crenate, dentate margin, petioles (0.1–1.8 cm) long. Microscopically, the leaf showed the presence of median large size vascular bundle covered with fibrous bundle sheath, arrangement of xylem in cup shape and presence of cortical vascular bundle, patches of sclerenchyma, phloem fibers in groups and brown pigment containing cells in stem are some of the diagnostic features noted from anatomical study. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells, xylem with pitted vessels and epidermis with anisocytic stomata. The investigations also included leaf surface data; quantitative leaf microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying, swelling index, extractive values and ash values were also determined and results showed that total ash of the stem bark was about two times higher than leaf and water soluble extractive value of leaf and stem bark was two times higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids.

Conclusions

The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.