1997年至2001年南宁市居民意外伤害死因分析

目的 了解南宁市居民意外伤害死亡原因及分布,为制定预防措施提供科学依据。方法 对1997年至2001年南宁市居民死亡监测资料进行统计分析,死因根据ICD-10分类。人口资料由南宁市统计局提供。结果 南宁市居民意外伤害年平均死亡率为27．08／10万,仅次于脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤,居所有疾病死因第3位。在意外死亡死因构成中,运输事故死亡率为11．12／10万,构成比为41．04％,居首位。结论 意外伤害死亡是居民主要死亡原因之一。且呈逐年上升趋势,应引起重视,采取相应的预防干预措施。     

上海市降低异位妊娠孕妇死亡率的干预措施与效果

探讨有效的干预措施以降低异位妊娠孕妇死亡率。方法通过对１９８７～１９９５年上海市异位妊娠孕妇的死亡监测和专家评审，针对异位妊娠孕妇致死原因，采取提高对异位妊娠的警惕性，提高诊治技能等卫生行政管理和业务部门共同干预的措施。结果（１）造成异位妊娠孕妇死亡的原因是误诊和就诊过迟；（２）１９８７～１９８９年上海市活产数为５２３２９９例，其中因异位妊娠死亡者２３例，死亡率为４．４０／１０万；落实干预措施后的１９９０～１９９５年上海市活产数为６２５２０６例，其中因异位妊娠死亡者１４例，死亡率为２．２４／１０万，与干预前比较Ｐ＜０．０５；（３）异位妊娠在上海市孕产妇死因顺位中由１９８７～１９８９年的第一位降至１９９０～１９９５年第四位。结论落实卫生行政和业务的共同干预措施可降低异位妊娠孕妇的死亡率。     

Geography of diabetes mellitus mortality in Mexico: an epidemiologic transition analysis

BACKGROUND: The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) will increase from 135 to 300 million cases by the year 2025. In Mexico, DM is the third cause of general mortality and the primary cause of mortality in the 55- to 64-year-old age group. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of DM mortality trends in Mexico from 1980 to 2000 in the context of this epidemiologic transition. METHODS: Age-adjusted mortality rates were estimated for DM as underlying cause of death using World Health Organization (WHO) reference population. To evaluate magnitude of risks, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated; prematurity of mortality was evaluated by means of potential lost life years index (PLLYI). Diabetes mortality trends in the U.S. were calculated with information from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) public registry and were age-adjusted for comparison. RESULTS: Total number of deaths due to DM during the period was 582,826. Standardized mortality ratio by state showed higher mortality in the northern Mexican states; PLLYI was higher in the northern states. Mortality trends in Mexico showed a rapid increase during the 1980s followed by a less acute increment in the 1990s. Age-adjusted mortality rate trends in the U.S. were lower than those in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows an increase in DM age-adjusted mortality trends during the years 1980-2000 in Mexico. The observed pattern of mortality varies widely throughout the country, probably due to differences in socioeconomic conditions and in access to healthcare.     

2004年青岛市黄岛区居民死亡疾病负担分析

目的描述青岛市黄岛区的疾病负担,为政府制定卫生决策提供科学依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法,对2004年青岛市黄岛区居民死亡病例进行分析。结果2004年青岛市黄岛区居民死亡率为3.81‰,期望寿命为79.00岁,婴儿死亡率为1.72‰,导致居民死亡和早死前五位的疾病是恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑血管疾病、伤害、呼吸系统疾病,肺癌是死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,伤害平均造成的YPLL是28.34人年。结论青岛市黄岛区居民的死亡率低,期望寿命高,导致居民死亡的疾病主要的是慢性非传染性疾病,伤害是导致居民早死最主要的疾病。     

Changes in main causes of death in Macao residents from 1986-2006

Background Since Macao's return of sovereignty to China in December 1999,the life style of Macao residents has changed.The aim of this study was to investigate changes of death patterns in Macao reside...     

Proportionate mortality trends: 1950 through 1986

Mortality trends in the United States from 1950 through 1986 were analyzed for the conditions that are or have recently been among the six leading causes of death. The age-adjusted mortality rate for all causes has decreased from 841.5 to 541.7 per 100,000 population. Cause-specific, age-adjusted mortality rates have declined from 1950 through 1986 for cerebrovascular disease, injuries, perinatal conditions, heart disease, and influenza and pneumonia. Time trends in the proportion of persons dying of each of these diseases, however, have varied; the proportion dying of cerebrovascular disease, injuries, and perinatal conditions has decreased, and the proportion of persons dying of heart disease and influenza and pneumonia has remained fairly stable from 1950 through 1986. During this same time, age-adjusted death rates have increased for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and have remained fairly stable for malignant neoplasms, while the proportions of persons dying of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and malignant neoplasms have increased dramatically. For people aged 35 to 64 years, malignant neoplasms have now overtaken heart disease as the leading cause of death. For those aged 65 years and older, heart disease remains the leading cause of death, accounting for almost 50% of all deaths in persons 85 years and older.     

海南省2003年农村地区恶性肿瘤回顾性调查

了解海南省农村地区癌谱分布状况，为恶性肿瘤的防治提供科学依据。方法从16个市县各抽取一个乡镇居民户中收集2003年首次确诊或死亡的恶性肿瘤（包括神经系统良性肿瘤）病例，并进行个案调查。结果2003年农村地区的恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡病例平均年龄分别是56．4岁和56．9岁。发病率和死亡率分别为38．21／10万（标化率40．76／10万）和35．33／10万（标化率37．7／10万）。发病率和死亡率均以肝癌（13．35／10万和10．99／万）和肺癌（8．64／10万和7．59／10万）为主，其次是胃癌、食道癌；乳腺癌（1．69／10万和3．93／10万）在女性中排位第三。男性恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率明显高于女性。恶性肿瘤年龄别发病率和死亡率均是随着年龄的增长而逐步升高。结论恶性肿瘤在我省农村地区占有主要地位，应加强监测报告和三级保健网络的建设，提高恶性肿瘤的防治能力。     

Incidence trends in childhood cancer in Queensland, 1973-1988

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are any secular trends in the incidence of childhood cancer in Queensland. DESIGN: A retrospective epidemiological study of the incidence of cancer in children, aged 0-12 years, in Queensland during the 16-year period 1973-1988 inclusive. SETTING: Cases were found from the records of the Queensland Childhood Malignancy Registry. Ascertainment is believed to be virtually complete for children aged 0-12 years. PARTICIPANTS: All children who were resident in Queensland and less than 13 years of age at the time of diagnosis of cancer. The cases included all malignant neoplasms and also all intracranial neoplasms in children but excluded Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The incidence by year of diagnosis was calculated for each of a number of standard diagnostic groups of neoplasms. These data were analysed by the chi 2, for trend test. RESULTS: Cancer incidence was found to be increasing at a rate of about 0.9% per year. The rise was almost entirely accounted for by a rise in incidence among boys, whereas there was virtually no change in the incidence in girls. Statistically significant increases in incidence were found in acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia and also in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in boys; Hodgkin's disease was found to be decreasing in incidence. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study emphasise the importance of childhood cancer incidence surveillance in Australia to determine whether these trends will continue in the future. The findings also indicate a need for continuing research in childhood cancer epidemiology.     

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Australia, 1978-1997: increasing incidence and mortality

OBJECTIVES: To describe trends in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence and mortality in Australia between 1978 and 1997, and to delineate the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by examining cases of HCC in Australian-born and overseas-born people separately. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of national incidence and mortality data in which the underlying cause was coded as HCC (International classification of diseases, ninth revision [ICD-9] code 155.0). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in age-standardised HCC incidence rates in men and women between 1983 and 1996; age-standardised HCC death rates in Australian-born and overseas-born men and women between 1978 and 1997. RESULTS: Age-standardised incidence rates increased in men and women (from 2.06 and 0.57 per 100,000 respectively in 1983-1985 to 3.97 and 0.99 respectively in 1995-1996). Age-standardised death rates increased in Australian-born and overseas-born men and overseas-born women (from 1.43, 2.35 and 0.62 respectively per 100,000 in 1978-1982 to 2.50, 4.41 and 1.36 respectively in 1993-1997). However, death rates in Australian-born women did not increase (0.58 per 100,000 in 1978-1982 and 0.63 in 1993-1997). CONCLUSIONS: HCC incidence and death rates in Australia have increased over the past two decades, except in Australian-born women. A likely explanation for at least a portion of this increase is increased prevalences of HBV and HCV infection in Australia.     

2006-2009年自贡市5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势与分析

目的：分析2006～2009自贡市5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势。方法：对2006～2009年自贡市5岁以下死亡儿童进行分析,以了解自贡市5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因、变化趋势,为科学干预提供依据。结果：自2006年以来,自贡市5岁以下儿童死亡率总体呈下降趋势,意外死亡近两年上升至第一位。结论：加强孕期及围产儿保健,降低新生儿死亡率;积极开展产前诊断,减少先天畸形;控制感染性疾病;采取综合措施减少儿童意外死亡。     

Recent trends in mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Mexico, 1980-2002

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Changes in classification have a major impact on reported mortality rates. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2002, 230,463 COPD cases were studied (age group 35-94 years); 134,579 men; 95,884 women. RESULTS: The crude mortality rate varied from 37 (1980) to 61 per 100,000 men (2002), (increase: 65%). The crude mortality rate for females increased from 27 (1980) to 43 deaths per 100,000 women (2002), (increase: 56%). The trends of the absolute values by birth year and age groups are higher as age increases. As age of death comes down and the birth cohort increases, the absolute values decrease. The Mexican states located in the northern and central areas present a higher risk for dying. There is an increment coefficient of 93 cases per increment year in males (age group 35-74), and 61 cases per increment year in females (age group 35-74 years). For the age group 35-94 years, the annual increase for males is 288 cases. These results were statistically significant, and the regression model was validated by residual analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The oldest cohorts of the studied population showed the highest COPD mortality absolute values. The geographic risk of dying from COPD is concentrated in two regions: a) the three Mexican states of higher economic income at the northern frontier to the U.S. and b) those Mexican states surrounding the main producer of tobacco (Nayarit).     

Impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality in women of reproductive age, United States

To assess the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on mortality in US women 15 to 44 years of age and to identify associated causes of death, we examined final (1980 through 1987) and provisional (1988) national mortality statistics. Between 1985 and 1988, the death rate for HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) quadrupled (0.6 per 100,000 to 2.5 per 100,000), and by 1987, HIV/AIDS had become one of the 10 leading causes of death. In 1988, the death rate for black women (10.3 per 100,000) was nine times the rate for white women (1.2 per 100,000). The majority of deaths in both black and white women occurred in women 25 to 34 years of age, for whom HIV-related deaths accounted for 11% and 3% of all deaths in 1988, respectively. Among 1157 death certificates that included any mention of HIV/AIDS in 1987, other leading diagnoses included drug abuse (27%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (20%), other pneumonias (14%), septicemia (10%), other infections not in the AIDS surveillance definition (7%), nephritis (6%), liver diseases (4%), and anemias (4%). If current mortality trends continue, HIV/AIDS can be expected to become one of the five leading causes of death by 1991 in women of reproductive age. Because women infected with HIV are the major source of infection for infants, these trends in AIDS mortality in women forecast the impact of HIV on mortality in children as well.     

Trend Analysis of Cancer Mortality in the Jinchang Cohort,China, 2001-2010

Objective To describe the baseline data of cancers in the Jinchang Cohort, this paper examined trends in cancer mortality among adults investigated in Jinchang, Gansu province from 2001 to 2010.
Methods Mortality data were collected from company departments through administrative documents, death certificates, etc. Trend analyses of cancer mortality were performed on the basis of 925 cancer deaths between 2001 and 2010.
Results The crude mortality rate of cancer continuously increased from 161.86 per 100,000 in 2001 to
315.32 per 100,000 in 2010, with an average increase of 7.69%per year in the Jinchang Cohort (16.41%in females compared to 6.04% in males), but the age-standardized mortality rate increased only in females. Thirteen leading cancers accounted for 92.10%of all cancer deaths. The five leading causes of cancer mortality in males were lung, gastric, liver, esophageal, and colorectal cancer, whereas those in females were lung, liver, gastric, breast, and esophageal cancer.
Conclusion The overall cancer mortality rate increased from 2001 to 2010 in the Jinchang Cohort, with greater rate of increase in females than in males. Lung, breast, and gastric cancer, in that order, were the leading causes of increased cancer mortality in females.     

河南省1/10抽样人口恶性肿瘤死亡调查研究报告(1990～1992年)

目的 :调查河南省 2 0世纪 90年代初期 1/ 10抽样人口恶性肿瘤死亡率及其分布特征。方法 :收集河南省15个市县居民死亡资料 ,按《居民病伤死因统计》的统计方法 ,分析常见恶性肿瘤死亡率及其分布特征。结果 :1990～ 1992年河南 1/ 10人口恶性肿瘤普通死亡率为 117 2 5 / 10万 ,中国人口调整死亡率为 10 7 3 8/ 10万 ,占人口总死亡的 19 0 5 % ,居于各种死因的第二位。与 70年代相比 ,男性增加了 3 5 41% ,女性增加了 7 3 5 %。食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌等为最常见癌症。结论 :河南居民癌症死亡率呈上升趋势 ,对人们生命和健康危害严重 ,应加强肿瘤防治工作     

2005—2015年中国0~14岁儿童恶性肿瘤流行特征研究

背景 恶性肿瘤已经成为我国儿童主要死亡原因之一,给社会及家庭带来极大经济负担。因此掌握儿童恶性肿瘤的流行规模和趋势具有重要意义。 目的 分析2005—2015年中国0~14岁儿童恶性肿瘤的流行病学特征,为我国儿童恶性肿瘤防控战略的制订和卫生资源的合理分配提供参考。 方法 收集2008—2018年"中国肿瘤登记年报"中0~14岁儿童恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡等数据,利用2010年全国人口构成计算标化发病率、死亡率,并通过Joinpoint模型计算年度变化百分比（annual change percentage,APC）来反映时间趋势。 结果 （1）2005—2015年中国0~14岁儿童恶性肿瘤的中位粗发病率为9.35/10万,中位粗死亡率为3.91/10万,其中0~4岁组中位粗发病率、死亡率均高于5~9岁组和10~14岁组（P<0.05）。（2）2005—2015年中国0~14岁男童中位粗发病率和死亡率均高于女童（发病率：10.21/10万vs 8.91/10万,P<0.05;死亡率：4.18/10万vs 3.47/10万,P<0.05）。（3）2005—2015年中国0~14岁城市儿童恶性肿瘤中位粗发病率和死亡率均高于农村儿童（发病率：10.87/10万vs 7.20/10万,P<0.05;死亡率：4.08/10万vs 3.54/10万,P<0.05）。（4）2005—2015年中国0~14岁儿童恶性肿瘤的中位粗死亡率呈上升趋势（APC=1.01%,P<0.05）,其中0~4岁组中位粗死亡率随时间呈下降趋势（APC=-1.19%,P<0.05）;5~9岁组中位粗死亡率随时间呈上升趋势（APC=2.50%,P<0.05）;10~14岁组中位粗死亡率为随时间呈稳定状态（APC=0.64%,P>0.05）。（5）2005—2015年中国农村0~14岁儿童恶性肿瘤的发病率与死亡率均呈上升趋势（APC分别为7.73%和2.22%,P<0.05）。（6）2005—2015年中国0~14岁儿童恶性肿瘤发病与死亡前六位分别为白血病、脑癌、淋巴癌、骨癌、肾癌、肝癌。 结论 中国儿童恶性肿瘤发病和死亡在时间、人群、地区方面呈现出特定的分布特点,今后应将农村地区、5~9岁年龄组以及脑癌、白血病癌种的儿童作为重点防控对象。 该文的微信推文请扫描下方二维码查看！     

环境接触青石棉肿瘤发生危险的15年随访调查

目的探讨环境接触青石棉队列人群患肿瘤的危险。方法采用回顾队列调查方法对大姚县6254人进行15年(1987～2001)的追踪研究，调查石棉相关肿瘤的死亡率及相对危险度(RR)。结果观察组中有186例死于癌症，死亡率为2160．5／10^6人年(RR=1．293；95％CI：1．032～1．618)。其中20例间皮瘤，死亡率为232．3／10^6人年(RR=17．929；95％CI：2．406～133．592)，男女分别为267．5／10^6人年和186．7／10^6人年；56例死于肺癌，死亡率(650．5／10^6人年)的增加与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(RR=1．434；95％CI：0．968～2．486)；胃肠道肿瘤的死亡率在两组中差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)，但在观察组男性中患肠癌的危险显著增加(RR=3．781；95％CI：1．077～13．270)。结论环境接触青石棉后人群患间皮瘤的危险明显增加，男性患肠癌危险度的增加需进一步证实。     

Kenneth Harrison Uttley (1901-1972). Historian to the diseases of Antigua, British West Indies

Dr Kenneth Harrison Uttley (1901-1972) served as the Chief Medical Officer in Antigua, British West Indies, from 1955 until 1966. During this time, Dr. Uttley personally reviewed and tabulated an island-wide governmental demographic database of all births, deaths and causes of death during the preceding 100 years. This database was the result of a Compulsory Birth and Death Registration Ordinance enacted as one of several Colonial Poor Laws in 1856. His efforts resulted in the publication of a total of 30 papers in American and British medical journals. Many of these papers reviewed historical demographic trends in births, fertility rates, neonatal deaths, infant mortality and early childhood mortality rates. Others focussed on the historical epidemiology of specific diseases such as neonatal tetanus, leprosy, tuberculosis and malaria. This is the first complete bibliographical account of Uttley's contributions to the history of diseases in the West Indies in general and Antigua in particular. Dr Uttley also served as an ordained priest in the Anglican Church and, upon retirement from the Colonial Medical Services, returned to England to serve as the Vicar of Purton, Oxfordshire.     

广西2004～2005年育龄妇女死亡情况调查

目的了解广西壮族自治区育龄妇女的死亡情况,分析其主要死亡原因、死亡规律,有针对性地提出相应的干预和防治措施,以期降低育龄妇女死亡率。方法根据广西第三次居民死因回顾抽样调查,抽取了6个反映广西城乡和不同类型地区居民死亡率及其死亡原因的县(市或区)和3个癌症高发县(市),收集2004~2005年广西育龄妇女死亡数据资料及相关人口资料,计算育龄妇女粗死亡率、标化死亡率、死因别死亡率、年龄别死亡率和构成比等。结果2004~2005年广西育龄妇女粗死亡率为93.97/10万,标准化死亡率为95.42/10万,其中前三位主要死因为肿瘤、损伤和中毒、循环系统疾病,标准化死亡率分别为31.69/10万、22.96/10万、16.87/10万,三者死因占全部死亡的74.96%。死亡率随着年龄的增长而上升,死亡年龄构成呈负偏态分布,主要集中在30~49岁组。结论降低恶性肿瘤的发生率、防止意外伤害死亡、预防心脑血管疾病的发生是降低育龄妇女死亡率的关键。建议进一步强化育龄妇女健康意识,尤其宜加强育龄妇女对肿瘤、心脑血管疾病防治知识的宣教(对年龄偏大的育龄妇女尤为重要),培养育龄妇女良好的心理素质,强调预防重于治疗的理念。     

我国太行山高发区食管癌流行趋势及防治策略

目的：对我国太行山区食管癌发病率及死亡率进行趋势分析及预测,并探索加速降低食管发病率和死亡率的策略,方法：采用磁到,林县1988－1997年食管部发病,死亡资料,并运用有反馈的人工神经网络模型预测其发病率,死亡率趋势;以林县临淇镇为例,测算以内间技术为主的早诊早治对于食管癌发病,死亡的降低程度及其把握度。结果：近10年来太行山区食管癌的发病率和死亡率均呈下降趋势,但较为缓慢,预测2002年食管癌发病率男性为115．70／10万,女性为79．88／10万,食管癌死亡率男性为94．00／10万,女性为56．29／10万,食管部发病率,死亡率均仍 较高水平,如推行以内窥镜为主的早诊早治技术8年中,干预组的发病率对照组的1／3,把握度可达到88．3％,死亡率在第5年时为对照组的1／4,把握度可达到89．4％,结论：太行山区食管癌发病率,死亡率均仍属较高水平,提示应该继续深入地在该地区开展食管癌的综合防治工作,推行以内窥镜技术为主的早期诊断,早期治疗,从而可在5－8年内明显地降低食管癌死亡率和发生率,建议在该地区进行较大规模的食管癌二级预防。