环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性心房颤动疗效分析

目的探讨三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性心房颤动(房颤)的疗效和安全性。方法2004年8月至2005年11月间对连续100例慢性房颤患者进行三维标测系统(CARTO系统或EnSiteNavXTM系统)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电学隔离。随访成功的定义为未服用抗心律失常药物无任何房性心律失常发作至少3个月以上。统计相关变量,分析影响成功率的因素。结果平均随访9·7±5·7个月,累计成功率为70%(70例)。复发患者中峡部消融比例及平均射血分数均低于无房颤复发的患者。主要并发症包括心脏压塞3例(3%)、脑卒中1例(1%)、无症状性肺静脉狭窄2例(2%)。结论三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性房颤疗效较好,安全性有待进一步提高。     

Recurrent atrial tachycardia and atrial fribrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: What’s the difference?

Background Recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) includes atrial tachycardia (AT) and atrial fribrillation (AF). However, whether there are some differences in clinical course and mechanisms between the recurrent AT and the recurrent AF remained unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the incidence, mechanism, clinical course of the recurrent AT and AF in patients under CPVA.Methods One hundred and thirty consecutive patients (M/F=95/35) with highly symptomatic and multiple antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) refractory paroxysmal (n=91) or persistent (n=39) AF were included. The ablation protocol consisted solely of two continuous circular lesions around the ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PV) guided by CARTO system. The endpoint of CPVA is PV isolation. For patients with recurrent ATa within 2 months after the initial procedure, cardioversion with direct current was attempted if the ATa lasted for more than 24 hours. A repeat ablation procedure was performed only for patients with AADs refractory recurrent ATa and at least followed up for 2 months after the initial procedure.Results Within 2 months after the initial procedure, 52 patients (40.0%) had experienced episodes of symptomatic recurrent ATa. Among them, 23 patients (44.2%) with recurred AT alone (AT group), 14 patients (26.9%) with recurred AF alone (AF group), and 15 patients (28.8%) with recurred AT and AF (AT plus AF group). The delayed cure rate (65.2％) in AT group was significant higher than that in AF group (21.4％, P<0.05) and AF plus AT group (26.7%, P<0.05). A repeat ablation was performed in 21 patients, including 6 patients with recurrent AT alone, 8 patients with recurrent AF alone, and 7 patients with recurrent AF plus AT. The mean number of PV gaps was 1.2±0.4 in AT group, which was significantly lower than that in AF group (2.6±0.7, P<0.05) and AF plus AT group (2.0±0.6, P<0.05). Delayed cure rate and number of PV gaps between AF group and AF plus AT group were comparable (P>0.05).Conclusions Present study indicates that recurrent AT and AF after CPVA have the different clinical course and different electrophysiological findings during repeat procedure as follows: ⑴After CPVA, spontaneous resolution of recurrent ATa was mainly found in patients with recurrent AT alone (about two thirds patients). ⑵The type of recurrent ATa after CPVA is associated with the number of PV gaps. Chin Med J 2005; 118(21):1773-1778     

Impact of different ablation strategies on the delayed cure after trans-catheter ablation for treating patients with atrial fibrillation

Background Delayed cure had been observed in recurrent cases after index ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), however, its mechanism and incidence have not been elucidated in detail. This study aims to investigate the impact of different ablation strategies on the incidence of delayed cure and its possible mechanisms after trans-catheter ablation of AF. Methods One hundred and fifty-one consecutive cases with highly symptomatic, drug refractory AF were included in this study ［M/F=109/42, mean age （56.0±11.2） (18-79) years］. Segmental pulmonary vein ablation (SPVA) was performed in 83 patients with the guidance of circular mapping catheter (SPVA Group), circumferential PV linear ablation (CPVA) was carried out in the rest 68 cases under the guidance of 3 dimensional mapping system in conjunction with circular mapping catheter (CPVA Group). Delayed cure was defined as that early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (AF, atrial tachycardia, or atrial flutter) after ablation procedure was no longer observed during subsequent follow-up, and stable sinus rhythm was maintained ≥2 months. Results Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias was detected in 41 cases from SPVA group and 23 cases from CPVA group, and delayed cure occurred in 21.9% (9/41) of the cases from SPVA group and 47.8% (11/23) of the cases from CPVA group, more delayed cure in later group was observed (P<0.05). Meanwhile, patients in SPVA group took a longer time to achieve a delayed cure ［(27.0±18.0) days vs （14.0±8.1） days, P<0.05］, and presented more recurrent episodes ［(3.50±1.08) times a week vs （2.42±1.11） times a week, P<0.05］. However, recurrent episodes after index ablation were markedly decreased in cases with delayed cure from both groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Despite of an early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythimas after index ablation of AF, delayed cure occurs in a significant number of patients undergoing either SPVA or CPVA. However, different ablation strategies place different impact on the delayed cure, more delayed cure is obtained with CPVA approach, and the delayed cure occurs earlier with this approach; the average recurrent episodes before delayed cure are also less frequently detected in CPVA group compared with those in SPVA group.     

Recurrent atrial tachycardia and atrial fribrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: What's the difference?

Background Recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) includes atrial tachycardia (AT) and atrial fribrillation (AF). However, whether there are some differences in clinical course and mechanisms between the recurrent AT and the recurrent AF remained unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the incidence, mechanism, clinical course of the recurrent AT and AF in patients under CPVA.Methods One hundred and thirty consecutive patients (M/F=95/35) with highly symptomatic and multiple antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) refractory paroxysmal (n=91) or persistent (n=39) AF were included. The ablation protocol consisted solely of two continuous circular lesions around the ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PV) guided by CARTO system. The endpoint of CPVA is PV isolation. For patients with recurrent ATa within 2 months after the initial procedure, cardioversion with direct current was attempted if the ATa lasted for more than 24 hours. A repeat ablation procedure was performed only for patients with AADs refractory recurrent ATa and at least followed up for 2 months after the initial procedure.Results Within 2 months after the initial procedure, 52 patients (40.0%) had experienced episodes of symptomatic recurrent ATa. Among them, 23 patients (44.2%) with recurred AT alone (AT group), 14 patients (26.9%) with recurred AF alone (AF group), and 15 patients (28.8%) with recurred AT and AF (AT plus AF group). The delayed cure rate (65.2%) in AT group was significant higher than that in AF group (21.4%, P<0.05) and AF plus AT group (26.7%, P<0.05). A repeat ablation was performed in 21 patients, including 6 patients with recurrent AT alone, 8 patients with recurrent AF alone, and 7 patients with recurrent AF plus AT. The mean number of PV gaps was 1.2±0.4 in AT group, which was significantly lower than that in AF group (2.6±0.7, P<0.05) and AF plus AT group (2.0±0.6, P<0.05). Delayed cure rate and number of PV gaps between AF group and AF plus AT group were comparable (P>0.05).Conclusions Present study indicates that recurrent AT and AF after CPVA have the different clinical course and different electrophysiological findings during repeat procedure as follows: ⑴After CPVA, spontaneous resolution of recurrent ATa was mainly found in patients with recurrent AT alone (about two thirds patients). ⑵The type of recurrent ATa after CPVA is associated with the number of PV gaps.     

非接触三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔治疗心房颤动的临床评价

目的:探讨非接触三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电融隔离治疗心房颤动(房颤)的可行性和临床疗效.方法:28例药物治疗无效或不能耐受的房颤患者.其中23例阵发性房颤、5例持续性房颤.采用非接触三维标测系统(Ensite navX)建立左心房、肺静脉的三维等时电势图和电解剖图,并在距离肺静脉口1～2 cm处行环肺静脉及其周围组织电隔离.消融终点包括:完成所有环肺静脉消融径线;全部肺静脉均达电隔离;阴性诱发结果.结果:28例患者均达到消融终点;手术的总操作时间和X线曝光时间分别为(161.3±23.2)min和(38.0±6.8)min;随访6～17月,20例(71%)无房颤发作;8例(29%)有房颤复发,其中2例因其发作次数及时间均较术前明显减少未再消融,予以可达龙治疗可控制(术前可达龙治疗无效),6例行第2次消融,术中均发现肺静脉电位有不同程度的恢复,第2次术后4例房颤无再发,2例仍有发作但未再消融,予以可达龙治疗可控制.术中及随访期间无任何操作相关并发症.结论:非接触三维标测系统指导下的环肺静电隔离是治疗房颤的有效而安全的方法.肺静脉既是房颤的诱发机制,亦有可能参与房颤的维持.     

零射线下导管射频消融治疗特发性主动脉窦内室性早搏

目的通过比较在CARTO3指导下零射线与常规在X线指导下对特发性主动脉窦内室性早搏（ASC-PVCs）导管射频消融 来评价其治疗安全性、有效性及可行性。方法分析2013年4月~2015年10月于南方医院因特发性主动脉窦内室早行射频消融 （RFCA）治疗的患者52例,其中零射线组23例,即运用Carto3系统重建主动脉窦三维模型后在零射线下行导管消融。另29例 在X线下常规标测和消融,为常规消融组。比较两组的靶点标测时间、总放电次数、手术即时成功率、手术总时间、X线曝光时 间、随访观察疗效（复发率）及并发症。结果零射线组手术即时成功率看似高于常规组,但两组患者即时成功率差异无统计学意 义［22/23（96%）vs 24/29（83%）,P=0.21］;两组患者术中均无并发症发生。与常规组相比,零射线组靶点标测时间明显缩短 （4.3±1.7 vs 7.8±2.6 min,P<0.01）,零射线组与常规组手术总时间差异无统计学意义（79.6±8.8 vs 77.4±7.2 min,P=0.332）。与零 射线组比较,常规组放电次数明显较多（7.9±3.2 vs 4.8±1.1,P<0.01）,零射线组整个手术过程完全零射线,而常规组X线曝光时 间为23.1±6 min,随访5~20个月,常规组复发4例,零射线组1例复发。结论CARTO3指导下零射线导管射频消融治疗特发性 主动脉窦频发室性期前收缩是一种安全、有效、可行的方法。CARTO3指导零射线射频消融相对常规消融方法;其靶点标测时 间缩短、总放电次数减少且不延长手术总时间,而且全手术过程为零射线。     

不同类型心房颤动导管消融治疗的对比研究

目的探讨三维标测系统指导下对阵发性、持续性和长程持久性心房颤动(房颤)行导管消融治疗的有效性和安全性。方法选择2008年1月—2010年12月在我院行导管消融治疗的持续性及长程持久性房颤患者55例为组1,选取同期住院的阵发性房颤患者55例为组2。在CARTO或ENSITE 3000系统标测下行射频消融治疗,术中采用CARTO-Merge或Ensite Fusion图像融合技术,持续性和长程持久性房颤采用步进式消融策略,在进行环肺静脉电隔离的基础上,进一步行复杂心房碎裂电位(CFAE)或高频电位消融、对规律的房性心动过速或心房扑动(房扑)进行标测和消融,主要是线性消融,包括左房顶部线、二尖瓣环峡部线、左房间隔线和(或)三尖瓣环峡部线等其中之一或不同组合,消融至实现窦性心律,对于呈持续性房扑者经静脉推注伊布利特或直流电转复窦性心律;阵发性房颤仅行环肺静脉电隔离术。所有患者术后继续服用华法林抗凝,停服抗心律失常药物,采用门诊随访,于术后3个月、6个月随访采用动态心电图监测评价心律失常情况,术后6个月复查超声心动图评价左房直径。结果 (1)组1中17例(30.9%)消融过程中直接转复窦性心律;29例(52.7%)消融过程中房颤转变为房扑,经三维激动标测及拖带标测证实其中22例(22/29)为左房大折返房扑,余7例(7/29)为右房三尖瓣峡部依赖的典型房扑,左房房扑经静脉推注心律平或胺碘酮或伊布利特转复5例,直流电转复窦性心律15例,快速起搏拖带转复2例,7例右房房扑行三尖瓣峡部线性消融均转复窦性心律;9例(16.4%)至消融结束仍为房颤律经直流电复律。组2中18例术中发生房颤,其中13例完成环肺静脉消融后恢复窦性心律,2例采用高频刺激转复窦性心律,3例静脉推注心律平转复。(2)组1术后3个月内随访发生房性心动过速29例,不典型房扑9例,房颤13例;术后6个月房颤复发19例,一次消融成功率为65.5%。3个月内组2发生房性心动过速16例,不典型房扑8例,房颤8例;术后6个月时房颤复发7例,一次消融成功率为87.3%。两组一次消融成功率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对持续性和长程持久性房颤行三维标测系统指导下射频导管消融治疗较为安全,但与阵发性房颤比较,手术时间和X线曝光时间较长,消融步骤较复杂,一次消融成功率较阵发性房颤低;消融术后发生大折返房速或不典型房扑较为常见,部分可在术后3个月减少或消失,往往需再次导管消融治疗。持续性房颤和慢性房颤射频消融治疗转复窦性心律后,左房容积减小,提示有利于心房重构的减轻或逆转。     

Ensite NavX三维标测系统指导阵发性房颤的射频消融治疗

目的评价三维标测系统（Ensite NavX）指导下射频消融治疗阵发性心房纤颤的疗效。方法6例反复发作阵发性房颤患者，术中采用Ensite NavX系统结合肺静脉造影建立左心房和肺静脉模型，定位出左右肺静脉前庭开口及其周围呈现出双电位或复合高频电位的靶位点，在环状电极标测下，分别沿左右肺静脉前庭开口进行环状消融，并消融其周围双电位及复合高频电位处，直至双侧肺静脉内电位完全隔离。结果6例病人术后即刻均达到完全肺静脉内电位隔离，所有病人术中均无并发症发生。6例患者术后均未有阵发性心悸发作。1例伴有窦房结功能障碍的病人，未发现窦房结功能异常。结论在EnSite NavX系统指导下的肺静脉前庭环状消融治疗阵发性房颤安全有效。     

Cox迷宫Ⅲ型手术同期换瓣治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变伴房颤

目的　观察换瓣同时作Cox迷宫Ⅲ型手术与单独换瓣相比较的疗效。方法　选择单独换瓣 +迷宫Ⅲ型手术病例 (迷宫组 )与这一期间另外所作的单独换瓣病例 (对照组 )各 5 6例 ,均系风湿性病变、心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、慢性持续性心房纤颤 1年以上。术后均用华法林抗凝治疗。结果　主动脉阻断时间和心脏停搏时间迷宫组较对照组长 ,分别为 75min± 2 2min对 4 1min± 11min(P <0 0 5 )和12 4min± 4 0min对 6 8min± 19min(P <0 0 5 )。复跳后出血迷宫组 2例 ,对照组 1例 ,均止血有效。两组术后早期死亡率均为 1 8% (1/ 5 6 )。迷宫组术后窦性心律者占 98 2 % (5 4 / 5 5 ) ,在作最大体力活动时无窦性迟钝现象 ,均有心房收缩功能 ;术后 1年 ,心功能Ⅰ级者占 98 2 % (5 4 / 5 5 ) ,Ⅱ级 1 8% (1/5 5 ) ;无抗凝严重出血 ,亦无血栓栓塞并发症 ;晚期死亡率 1 8% (1/ 5 5 )。对照组中 7例在术后 2 4h内心房纤颤曾暂时消失 ,以后仍为慢性心房纤颤 ,而另有 1例心房纤颤长期消失已 2年 ;术后 1年 ,心功能Ⅰ级者占 94 6 % (5 2 / 5 5 ) ,Ⅱ级占 3 6 % (2 / 5 5 ) ,Ⅲ级占 1 8% (1/ 5 5 ) ;无抗凝严重出血 ,脑栓塞偏瘫 1例 ,占 1 8% (1/ 5 5 ) ;晚期死亡率 3 6 % (2 / 5 5 )。结论　换瓣同期行迷宫Ⅲ型手术安全有效 ,能消除     

不同曝光方式下行导管射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效及安全性比较

目的 对比Ensite VelOcity三维电解剖标测系统零X线曝光与常规X线曝光下行导管射频消融术(RFCA)治疗阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的疗效及安全性.方法 利用选取法选取该院2014-2016年100例行RFCA治疗的PSVT患者,并将其分为对照组(常规X线曝光)和观察组(三维电解剖标测系统零X线曝光),各50例,分析两组手术时间、X线曝光时间、并发症率、即时和随访成功率.结果 两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但观察组X线曝光时间[(0.46±0.14)min]较对照组[(13.87士4.03)min]明显下降,并发症率(0)亦明显低于对照组(8.00％);即时成功率(98.00％)明显高于对照组(84.00％),随访成功率(94.00％)亦远远高于对照组(74.00％),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 运用Ensite Velocity三维电解剖标测系统在行RFCA治疗PSVT的临床疗效较理想,且安全可靠.     

EnSite NavX三维电生理系统指导下环肺静脉前庭隔离导管消融治疗心房颤动

目的 探讨EnSire NavX三维电生理系统指导环肺静脉前庭隔离导管消融治疗心房颤动(房颤)的有效性和安全性.方法 在EnSite NavX三维电生理系统指导下对38例药物治疗无效的阵发性或持续性房颤患者行环肺静脉导管消融,随访观察其疗效和安全性.结果 38例患者都达到消融终点,双侧肺静脉均完全隔离.手术操作时间(233.8±31.7)min,X线曝光时间(32.5±4.7)min,左房建模时间(27.5±7.5)min.术后随访(9±3)月,单次消融的成功率为89.5%,出现并发症7.9%.结论 EnSite NavX三维电生理系统指导下环肺静脉前庭隔离导管捎融治疗房颤是一种较为有效且安全的方法.     

Effect of anxiety and depression on the recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation

Background  The effects of anxiety and depression on the recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) are not clear. Whether CPVA can alleviate the anxiety and depression symptoms of persistent AF patients is unknown.

Methods  One hundred and sixty-four patients with persistent AF, of which 43 treated with CPVA (CPVA group) and 103 treated with anti-arrhythmics drugs (medicine group), were enrolled. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were assessed before and 12 months after treatment in all patients.

Results  The scores of SAS (40.33±7.90 vs. 49.76±9.52, P <0.01) and SDS (42.33±8.73 vs. 48.17±8.77, P <0.01) decreased 12 months after CPVA. Over 12 months follow-up, AF relapsed in 17 patients in CPVA group. Compared with the data in the recurrent group (17 patients), the scores of SAS and SDS were significantly lower in the non-recurrent group (26 patients) at baseline. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed normal scores of SAS and SDS were the independent risk factors of AF recurrence after CPVA.

Conclusions  Anxiety and depression increase the recurrence risk of persistent AF after CPVA. CPVA can ameliorate the anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with persistent AF. 

     

The role of surface ECG and transthoracic echocardiography for predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the roles of surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO) for prediction of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: This study was conducted from 2002-2004 at the Cardiovascular Department of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Seventy consecutive patients were enrolled in this study that underwent elective CABG. A 12-lead ECG was recorded one day before cardiac surgery and was repeated during the 5 days after CABG. P-wave dispersion (PWD) was defined as the difference between maximum and minimum P-wave duration. Differences in P-wave duration were compared between the pre- and postoperative 12-lead ECG measurements. RESULTS: Postoperative AF developed in 17 (24%) cases of 70 patients. The PWD was found to be significantly higher in patients with AF preoperatively (60+/-19 versus 47+/-13, p=0.003), postoperative first day (56+/-12 versus 44+/-11, p<0.002) and fifth day (51+/-29 versus 41+/-11, p<0.001). Patients with AF were significantly older, the mean age of the AF group was (68+/-7) years and of the sinus rhythm (SR) group was (59+/-10 years) (p<0.001). The AF group had left ventricular systolic dysfunction (56+/-13% versus 56+/-8%, p=0.042, preoperatively; 49+/-8% versus 60+/-10%, p=0.001, postoperatively) and a larger left atrium (46+/-5 versus 39+/-5 mm, p<0.001, preoperatively and 44+/-7 versus 39+/-5 mm, p=0.046, postoperatively) than the SR group. CONCLUSION: This prospective study demonstrated that PWD on surface ECG and additional echocardiographic parameters are simple and reliable indexes to predict the development of AF after CABG.     

Association of prolidase activity, oxidative parameters, and presence of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral stenosis

BACKGROUND: Mitral stenosis (MS) is a common cause of atrial fibrillation (AF). Oxidative stress and inflammation factors were shown to be involved in atrial remodeling. The study aim was to compare the oxidative parameters and prolidase activity in severe MS patients with and without AF. METHODS: The study population was comprised of 33 patients with MS and sinus rhythm (group I), 27 patients with MS and AF (group II), and 25 healthy controls (group III). Plasma prolidase activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. Additionally, we measured tissue TOS and TAC in patients with mitral valve replacement. RESULTS: TAC and OSI were higher, but TOS and prolidase were lower in patients with MS than control (all p <0.001). These parameters were similar in group I and group II (ANOVA p >0.05). Tissue TAC was significantly lower in group II than group I (0.015 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.026 +/- 0.01 mmol Trolox equiv/L, p = 0.014), tissue TOS was similar between groups I and II (0.24 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.05 mmol Trolox equiv/L, p = 0.161). Presence of AF was correlated with systolic blood pressure, left atrial diameter, plasma TAC, tissue TAC, plasma TOS, plasma OSI, and plasma prolidase activity. Tissue TAC level (beta = -0.435, p = 0.006) and left atrial diameter (beta = 0.460, p = 0.003) were independently related with presence of AF in patients with MS. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the presence of AF in patients with severe MS may be associated with the plasma prolidase activity, tissue and plasma oxidative parameters.     

钙离子ATP酶2a基因修饰的骨髓干细胞移植治疗大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭的研究

目的比较肌浆网钙离子ATP酶2 a(SERCA2 a)基因治疗,骨髓干细胞(MSC)移植以及SERCA2 a基因修饰的细胞移植治疗慢性缺血性心力衰竭的效应,评价MSC作为治疗基因的细胞载体策略的可行性。方法制作心力衰竭大鼠模型并随机分为4组。SERCA2 a基因治疗组(组Ⅰ,7只),MSC细胞移植组(组Ⅱ,7只),基因修饰的细胞移植组(组Ⅲ,8只),腺病毒空载体对照组(组Ⅳ,7只)。检测各组SERCA2 a基因,蛋白表达及活性。超声心动图及有创血流动力学评价心脏功能。HE染色观察心室形态。结果组Ⅰ,组Ⅱ,组Ⅲ比对照组Ⅳ心功能和血流动力学明显改善。治疗后组Ⅱ(2.9 mm±0.2 mm)和组Ⅲ(3.0 mm±0.1 mm)大鼠室壁厚度增加,心室腔减小。治疗后14d组Ⅰ,组Ⅱ与组Ⅲ射血分数(EF)为26.6%±3.9%,20.6%±5.0%,25.6%±2.7%。短轴缩短率(FS)分别为13.3%±2.0%,10.1%±2.5%,12.1%±1.0%(P<0.05)。治疗后21 d组Ⅰ,组Ⅱ与组ⅢEF分别为19.7%±5.0%,21.4%±5.2%,26.6%±4.1%,FS分别为9.7%±2.5%,10.7%±2.6%,12.8%±2.2%(P<0.05)。组Ⅳ治疗后14 d EF无变化,治疗后21 d EF下降了6.6%±4.0%。组Ⅰ和组ⅢSERCA2 a基因,蛋白表达及酶活性均高于组Ⅱ和组Ⅳ(P<0.01)。结论MSC移植和SERCA2 a基因修饰的细胞移植组大鼠呈现稳定持续的心功能改善作用。MSC可以作为治疗基因的有效转移载体。     

房颤射频消融术后复发的心率变异比较分析

目的探讨自主神经系统与射频消融术后复发的关系。方法2011年2月-2012年8月在解放军总医院心内科行左房环肺静脉消融术治疗阵发性房颤的患者82例,均接受三维标测系统（CARTO）指导下左房环肺静脉电隔离射频消融术。分别在术前3d、术后3d、术后3、6、12个月及以后每6个月定期随访,并进行12导联动态心电图（Hoher）监测,根据术后3d的结果将患者分为房颤早期复发组（34例）和未复发组（48例）;并根据3个月后的随访结果将患者分为房颤晚期复发组（22例）和无复发组（60例）。分别记录早期、晚期复发组与未复发组患者的平均心率（MeanHR）及心率变异（heartratevarability,HRV）,进行比较分析,包括时域指标R—R间期的标准差（SDNN）、R—R间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）、相邻R—R间期差的均方根（rMSSD）、相邻R—R间期差值超过50mm的N—N间期所占百分数（PNN50）,频域指标低频功率（10w frequency,LF）、高频功率（high frequency,HF）、低频与高频功率比值（LFIHF）。结果82例患者均达到肺静脉电隔离。术后未复发组与复发组比较,早期MeanHR降低,HRV指标均显著降低,LF／HF升高;晚期仅有反应迷走神经的指标显著降低,LF／HF升高。结论迷走神经的持续降低可有效地减少房颤的晚期复发。     

导管消融治疗心房颤动的有效性与安全性研究

目的探讨经导管消融治疗心房颤动的有效性和安全性。方法对32例阵发性房颤,4例持续性房颤患者进行导管消融治疗。其中,3例患者采用环状冷冻导管消融(cryoablation)隔离肺静脉;33例患者采用Lasso导管及三维电解剖标测(CARTO)指导的环肺静脉前庭线性消融。结果成功率:冷冻消融组为33.33%;CARTO组为90.9%。手术时间:CARTO组较冷冻消融组,手术时间延长,CARTO组手术时间为(325±79)min;冷冻消融(205±72)min,P<0.05。X线曝光时间:CARTO组较冷冻消融组,曝光时间缩短,CARTO组(43±16)min;冷冻消融为(55±18)min,P<0.05。并发症:冷冻消融无并发症;CARTO组出现2例心脏压塞;另有1例患者术后第2d出现脑栓塞,经药物治疗后,肢体障碍完全恢复。结论经导管冷冻消融及CARTO指导下,环肺静脉前庭线性消融治疗房颤的方法均安全有效。三维电解剖标测(CARTO)指导下的环肺静脉前庭线性消融术效果更好。     

Impact of the origin of sinus node artery on recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Background  Major atrial coronary arteries, including the sinus node artery (SNA), were commonly found in the areas involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and could cause difficulties in achieving linear block at the left atrial (LA) roof. The SNA is a major atrial coronary artery of the atrial coronary circulation. This study aimed to determine impact of the origin of SNA on recurrence of AF after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with paroxysmal AF.

Methods  Seventy-eight patients underwent coronary angiography for suspected coronary heart disease, followed by catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF. According to the origin of SNA from angiographic findings, they were divided into right SNA group (SNA originating from the right coronary artery) and left SNA group (SNA originating from the left circumflex artery). Guided by an electroanatomic mapping system, circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) was performed in both groups and PVI was the procedural endpoint. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-ablation. Recurrence was defined as any episode of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATAs), including AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia, that lasted longer than 30 seconds after a blanking period of 3 months.

Results  The SNA originated from the right coronary artery in 34 patients (43.6%) and the left circumflex artery in 44 patients (56.4%). Freedom from AF and antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) at 1 year was 67.9 % (53/78) for all patients. After 1 year follow-up, 79.4% (27/34) in right SNA group and 59.1% (26/44) in left SNA group (P=0.042) were in sinus rhythm. On multivariate analysis, left atrium size (HR=1.451, 95%CI: 1.240–1.697, P <0.001) and a left SNA (HR=6.22, 95%CI: 2.01–19.25, P=0.002) were the independent predictors of AF recurrence.

Conclusions  The left SNA is more frequent in the patients with paroxysmal AF. After one year follow-up, the presence of a left SNA was identified as an independent predictor of AF recurrence after CPVA in paroxysmal AF.

     

Pulmonary vein tachycardia after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation has been developed to treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and the electrophysiological endpoint of PV isolation is the disappearance or dissociation of pulmonary vein potentials (PVPs). Pulmonary vein tachycardia (PVT) is the dissociated PV rhythm with a rapid rate. However, the characteristics and significance of PVT after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with AF remains unclear. Methods From June 2003 to June 2005, a total of 285 consecutive patients with drug refractory AF were included in this study, and they underwent segmental pulmonary vein ablation (SPVA) or circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA). PV isolation was the initial endpoint for both approaches with documenting disappearance or dissociation of PVPs. PVT was characterized as dissociated activities within PVs with a circle length (CL) of &lt;300 ms, and was classified into organized PVT or disorganized PVT according to the variance of CL. Systematic follow-up was conducted after initial procedures. Continuous variables were analyzed by Student’s t test and categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test.Results Three hundred and fifteen PVs were ablated in 85 patients underwent SPVA approach, 400 circular lesions surrounding ipsilateral PVs (including 790 PVs) were produced in the rest of 200 patients received CPVA approach. Electrical isolation was achieved in all of these PVs. Of these, PVPs were abolished in 89.8% (992/1105) of the ablated PVs, dissociated PV rhythms were documented in the rest 10.2 % (113/1105) of the treated PVs. Among the 113 dissociated PV rhythms, 28 met the criteria of PVT with mean CL of (155±43) ms (2 PVTs in 2 patients received SPVA, 26 PVTs in 18 patients underwent CPVA). PVT was more frequently documented in patients underwent CPVA approach [9.0% (18/200) vs 2.3% (2/85), P=0.04]. During the 6-month follow-up, it was indicated that no significant difference existed in AF free rate between patients with PVT and those without PVT (P=0.75). Conclusions PVT dissociated from LA activations can be documented after PV isolation, especially in patients underwent CPVA approach. However, PVT does not affect the follow-up results.     

CARTO系统指导下三点法导管消融典型房扑

目的：探讨CARTO系统指导下三点法导管消融治疗典型房扑的可行性及疗效．方法体表心电图及心内电生理检查证实为典型房扑患者共26例,11例患者行右心房常规激动顺序标测后消融三尖瓣峡部,15例患者三点法消融三尖瓣峡部．术后定期随访及记录症状心电图．结果2组患者手术成功率及复发率无明显差异;三点法消融组X线曝光时间,手术时间均明显较常规激动顺序标测组短[（72.66±29.82） vs （102.52±32.61） min];[（4.26±2.76） vs （7.32±3.16） min]．结论 CARTO系统指导下两点法导管消融治疗典型房扑是安全有效的,并可明显缩短手术时间及X线曝光时间．