胆道再次手术时肝门胆管的显露

目的：总结在胆道丙次手术时肝门胆管显露的各种要点和方法，包括刮吸解剖法的应用经验，方法：在106例胆道再次手术中显露肝门胆管时综合使用了各种方法，包括刮吸解剖法的应用来完成手术。结论：各种方法的综合使用有助于胆道再次手术时肝门胆管的显露。     

胆道再次手术中医源性十二指肠损伤的防治经验

目的 探讨胆道再次手术中医源性十二指肠损伤的原因及防治办法.方法 回顾性分析2004年2月～2009年9月在我院发生的11例胆道再次手术中出现医源性十二指肠损伤患者的临床资料,总结其原因和防治经验.结果 所有患者均为胆石症复发急诊手术时致十二指肠损伤,其中7例为十二指肠球部前壁损伤,2例为十二指肠降部后壁损伤,2例为十二指肠降部前壁损伤.经采用穿孔修补、置管造瘘和腹腔引流等积极处理后,所有患者均痊愈出院,无严重感染、急性肾衰和死亡等重大并发症发生.结论 胆道再次手术尤其是急诊手术时容易发生医源性十二指肠损伤,手术当中细致的操作和强烈的责任心是减少损伤的关键,而损伤发生后进行积极并恰当的处理是治疗成功的决定因素.     

胆道再次手术中胆管和十二指肠损伤的预防及处理措施

胆道再次手术是指胆道手术后因为并发症,原有疾病未治愈或者再发而再次实施的手术.具有胆道解剖变异大、技术难度高、并发症多、复发率高等特点,是腹部外科中处理最棘手的问题.尤其医源性胆管和十二指肠损伤是胆道再次探查术中最为严重的并发症之一,术中一旦漏诊,后果非常严重.现总结我院2006年1月至2008年12月胆道再次手术中及时发现胆道和十二指肠损伤的9例临床资料进行回顾性分析.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的防治体会

目的 探讨本院腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道损伤的原因及防治方法.方法 回顾性分析2004～2007年共行621例腹腔镜胆囊切除,其中胆道损伤8例,包括胆总管横断2例,胆总管夹闭1例,胆囊管残端瘘2例,胆囊迷走胆管损伤3例.胆总管损伤患者均行Ⅰ期手术;胆囊迷走胆管损伤的患者置管引流治愈.结果 本组患者1例因发生胆管狭窄后再次手术行Roux-en-Y吻合术,其他患者恢复顺利.结论 严格规范的操作,胆囊三角良好的显露,辨清肝总管、胆总管和胆囊管之间的关系,必要时中转开腹,是避免肝外胆管损伤和预防胆漏的关键.     

胆道结石87例再次手术体会

目的总结基层医院开展胆道结石再次手术的经验,探讨胆道结石再手术的原因及处理方法。方法对87例胆道残余或复发结石再手术临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果治愈75例（86.2%）,术后出现胆管残余结石8例（9.2%）,死亡4例（4.6%）;术后出现胆汁漏3例,膈下感染2例,胆道出血1例。存活患者随访0.5～2年无结石复发。结论全面分析病情,选择合理的手术方案,认真细致的手术操作是减少胆道再手术的关键。再次手术关键步骤是显露肝门部的解剖和胆管结构。     

胆道手术中十二指肠损伤的预防及治疗

目的 探讨胆道手术中十二指肠损伤的防范及处理收集我院自1995年～2004年遇到的7例十二指肠损伤病人作回顾性的临床分析.结果 本组3例系在探条探查胆道时致十二指肠后壁损伤;2例因分离十二指肠与肝胆广泛粘连而损伤.2例因分离十二指肠与肝肠广泛粘连而损伤十二指肠前壁,其中1例致十二指肠广泛撕裂合并门静脉主干破裂出血;另2例为邻近炎症病变致十二指肠延迟性穿孔.处理方法分别用损伤修补,十二指肠腔内外引流和胃空肠造瘘术.全组治愈6例,死亡1例.结论 胆道手术中十二指肠损伤防范是主要的,而合理、灵活地选择恰当的处置方法乃治疗是成功的关键.胆道手术中十二指肠损伤是一种严重的医源性创伤,一旦发生,倍感棘手,处理得当与否,直接影响到原来手术的结果.本文7例损伤病例,并就其防范及处理进行探讨.     

胆道再次手术分析

目的 总结胆道再次手术的经验,探讨胆道再次手术的原因、临床特点及处理方法.方法 对1992年7月～2005年6月收治的125例胆道再次手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 胆道再次手术的主要原因是肝胆管结石残留或复发,占全组病例的85.6%;其次为胆肠吻合术后狭窄,胆管囊肿,胆管狭窄及胆管肿瘤.再次手术治疗方式以肝叶切除(占68%)合并胆肠吻合或T管引流为主.胆道再次手术后并发症发生率为22.4%.结论 胆道再次手术既有胆道疾病本身因素,亦有医源性因素;充分的术前准备,术中仔细探查,选择合理手术方式及合适的术后辅助治疗是减少胆道再次手术的关键.     

胆道再次手术中几个问题的讨论

由于胆道的解剖变异较多,胆管与肝脏、胰腺、十二指肠等器官关系密切,结构复杂,因此胆道疾病再次手术的病例在临床上较为常见。成为腹部外科胆道再次手术较普遍、处理最棘手的临床问题。胆道再手术多集中在复杂性肝内胆管结石和损伤性胆道     

间置空肠胆管十二指肠吻合术

1985年3月以来,我院行间置空肠胆管十二指肠吻合术6例,初步观察效果良好,报告如下: 临床资料本组6例,男女各3例;年龄34～48岁;因胆道多发性结石、胆总管下端狭窄而施行本手术.手术方法:①细致解剖分离出胆管,切开探查尽量取出结石后,决定行本术式者摘除胆囊并将胆管切断,远端缝合关闭.②于横结肠系膜下距Treitz韧带约15cm处切取带蒂空肠段45cm后,上、下空肠断端作端端吻合。③将带蒂空肠段经横结肠系膜上的小孔引到横结肠系膜上,近端与胆管作端端或端侧吻合,远端与     

ERCP在胆道损伤中的应用

目的 探讨ERCP在胆道术后并发症中的应用.方法 通过对13例胆道手术术后并发症行ERCP检查,明确诊断为何种胆道术后并发症并行相应治疗.结果 单纯胆囊管残端瘘6例,行鼻胆管引流术(ENBD);合并胆总管结石的胆囊管残端瘘1例,行十二指肠乳头肌切开取石、鼻胆管引流术(EST+ENBD);胆总管瘘1例,行鼻胆管引流术(ENBD);胆总管中断1例,行开腹手术;胆总管狭窄3例,行胆管内支架引流术(ERBD);肝总管空肠吻合口狭窄1例,行吻合口柱状球囊扩张,3个月后患者再次出现黄疸,行支架引流术.上述病人均得到治愈.结论 ERCP是微创技术,在胆道术后胆道损伤中的应用避免了腹部再次手术、减轻了患者的痛苦及经济负担.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.