正己烷接触工人的早期生物标志物含量变化

目的探讨正己烷接触工人的早期生物标志物。方法分别检测正己烷接触工人63名及对照组50名工人的尿2,5-己二酮、血清神经元特异烯醇化酶(NSE)及髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)水平。结果接触组工人尿2,5-己二酮含量为0.31～10.38mg/gCr,对照组未检出;接触组血清NSE和MBP含量分别为(9.02±3.87)μg/L和(1.47±0.41)μg/L,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论正己烷接触可导致血清NSE及MBP水平的升高,尿2,5-己二酮、血清NSE和MBP水平可作为正己烷接触的早期生物标志物。     

中暑患者血清中酶的变化及其对病情的诊断价值

目的根据中暑患者血清中酶的变化,观察其对病情及预后的影响。方法按病情将中暑病人分为两组:轻症中暑组和重症中暑组。测定中暑患者和对照组血清中肌酸激酶(CK)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活力。结果重症中暑病人血清中四种酶的活力均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),轻症中暑病人血清四种酶的活力也表现出增高。但仅CK和LDH增高且有显著意义(P<0.01),表明中暑对CK和LDH的影响最为明显。结论测定血清酶的活力对中暑病情的判断及其预后有一定的参考价值。     

电焊作业对接触人员脂质过氧化及体液免疫水平影响调查

目的探讨电焊作业对接触人员脂质过氧化及体液免疫水平的影响。方法对67名电焊作业人员(接触组)及56名不接触有害因素的人员(对照组)测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清IgG、IgA、IgM含量。结果接触组血清SOD活性、GSH-PX活性,明显低于对照组,差别有显著意义(P0.05);而血清MDA含量,接触组高于对照组,差别有显著意义(P0.01);血清IgG、IgA含量,接触组低于对照组,差别有显著意义(P0.01)。结论以锰化合物为主的电焊烟尘可导致接触者体内脂质过氧化水平的增高及体内抗氧化能力下降,并能降低机体的体液免疫水平。     

接触丙烯腈工人血中一氧化氮与一氧化氮合酶的变化

目的 探讨职业性接触丙烯腈对人体血管内皮功能的影响。方法 以某石化厂从事腈纶纤维生产的 111名工人为接触组,条件相近的不接触任何毒物及不进行有害作业的健康体检者89人为对照组。进行血清 一氧化氮代谢产物水平、血清总一氧化氮合酶(tNOS)活力、血清诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活力测定,作为评 估血管内皮功能的指标。结果与对照组比较,接触组NO水平显著降低(P<0.01)。以NO水平为应变量,以 接触丙烯腈、性别、年龄、家族史、吸烟量、饮酒量、血清三酰甘油等指标自变量,进行逐步多元线性回归分析。接 触丙烯腈与血清NO水平呈显著负相关(P<0.01),且相关性随工龄的延长而增加。结论 职业性接触丙烯腈 可损害血管内皮功能,且这种损害可能具有累积效应。     

糖尿病人尿N-乙酰B-D-氨基葡萄糖苷同工酶检测

调查34例糖尿病Ⅱ型患者尿液N-乙酰B-D-氨基葡萄糖苷同工酶的变异,并测定了血清N-乙酰B-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶,尿N-乙酰B-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶,尿N-乙酰B-D-氨基葡萄糖苷与尿肌酐的比值。与对照组比较,31例糖尿病患者血清酶活力为24.11±4.66U/L,尿酶活力与肌酐比值为18.45±15.7,尿N-乙酰B-D-氨基葡萄糖苷同工酶为45.49±16.76%,其结果均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),特别是同工酶B的改变发现更早。结果提示N-乙酰B-D-氨基葡萄糖苷同工酶的检测是早期诊断糖尿病伴肾损害的重要指标。     

S-100B在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的临床应用探讨

目的:研究新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿脐血、血清、尿S-100B蛋白水平,探讨其在缺氧缺血性脑病早期诊断中的价值。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测60例缺氧缺血性脑病患儿及50例健康足月新生儿脐血、血清、尿S-100B蛋白水平。结果:(1)HIE组脐血、血清、尿S-100B蛋白水平明显高于对照组。(2)轻、中重度HIE患儿的脐血、血清、尿S-100B蛋白水平明显高于对照组。(3)尿S-100B蛋白水平在出生后48h之内逐渐升高,之后下降。结论:脐血、血清、尿S-100B均可作为新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病早期预测的指标。脐血、尿标本更易获取,对患儿损伤更小。     

喉癌组织及血清中六种酶的定量分析

本文应用 Abbott ABA-100 型生化自动分析仪对手术切除之喉癌组织及喉癌患者血清进行了六种酶的定量分析,结果表明,组织中 GPT、LDH、ALP 三种酶活性明显高于对照组(正常喉组织),经统计学处理差异非常显著,而血清中只有 LDH 活力升高,P<0.05,其他几种酶活力与对照组(献血员血清)相比无显著性差异.提示手术过程中的安全缘组织的各种酶活力测定,将成为判断预后和手术效果观察的客观指标.     

甲状腺功能紊乱患者骨代谢变化的临床研究

目的探讨甲状腺功能异常对骨骼代谢的影响。方法选择36例原发性甲状腺功能亢进症患者、12例原发性甲状腺机能减退症患者、30例年龄、性别匹配的正常健康人作为研究对象，分为甲亢组、甲减组、正常对照组，测定骨代谢指标、骨密度(BMD)，以直线相关分析法分析上述各变量间的相关性。结果(1)甲亢组尿脱氧吡啶酚(DPD)、血清骨钙素(BGP)明显高于正常对照组，BMD明显低于正常对照组；甲减组尿DPD与对照组比较，统计学无显著差异；血清BGP低于对照组，BMD与正常对照组比较，统计学无显著差异。(2)对甲亢组做直线相关分析表明：尿DPD与血清TT3、TT4、BGP之间有显著正相关，而BMD与DPD、BGP、TT3、TT4之间无显著相关性。结论甲亢、甲减均可导致骨代谢紊乱；尿DPD、血清BPG是反映骨代谢变化的敏感指标；甲亢患者BMD减低，甲减患者BMD未见明显减低。     

吉林省大骨节病区儿童血清酶谱特点(摘要)

<正> 作者观察了吉林省大骨节病区汪清、乾安二县和非病区长春市郊区200例儿童血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)和α羟丁酸脱氢酶活力水平。结果表明:①大骨节病区儿童血清中ALP、LDH和GOT酶活力水平高于非病区健康对照组。②在大骨节病区内,大骨节病儿童血清ALP、LDH和GOT酶活力高于当地健康对照组。③经流行病学和临床X线检查证实,     

血清胱抑素C与血清25羟维生素D对诊断儿童过敏性紫癜早期肾损害的临床价值

目的探讨血清胱抑素C与血清25羟维生素D对诊断儿童过敏性紫癜早期肾损害的临床价值。方法选取2018年5月～2019年5月我院儿童过敏性紫癜患儿60例,根据肾功能结果分为无肾损害组和有肾损害组,每组30例,同期采用随机数字法收集我院儿保科进行健康体检的健康儿童30例作为对照组,比较三组尿mALB、血清CysC、25-(OH)vitD水平及其阳性情况。结果有肾损害组、无肾损害组尿mALB、血清CysC水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清25-(OH)vitD水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),有肾损害组尿mALB、血清CysC水平均显著高于无肾损害组(P0.05),血清25-(OH)vit D水平显著低于无肾损害组(P0.05)。有肾损害组尿mALB、血清CysC、25-(OH)vitD阳性率分别为33.3%(10/30)、26.7%(8/30)、30.0%(9/30),无肾损害组尿mALB、血清CysC、25-(OH)vitD阳性率分别为13.3%(4/30)、13.3%(4/30)、13.3%(4/30),对照组尿mALB、血清CysC、25-(OH)vitD阳性率分别为0、3.3%(1/30)、3.3%(1/30)。有肾损害组、无肾损害组尿mALB、血清CysC、25-(OH)vitD阳性率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而有肾损害组患儿的尿mALB、血清CysC、25-(OH)vitD阳性率均显著高于无肾损害组(P0.05)。结论血清胱抑素C与血清25羟维生素D可用于诊断儿童过敏性紫癜早期肾损害,临床价值高。     

Paget's disease of bone: early and late responses to three different modes of treatment with aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate (APD)

Early and late responses to treatment with either oral (600 mg/day) or intravenous (20 mg/day) (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate; APD) were studied in 142 patients with Paget's disease of bone who had not previously been treated with bisphosphonate. The efficacy of three therapeutic regimens was compared: (a) oral aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate given continuously until six months after the serum alkaline phosphatase activity had returned to normal (long term); (b) oral aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate given until urinary hydroxyproline excretion had returned to normal (short term); (c) intravenous aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate for 10 days. With either oral or intravenous treatment the decrease in urinary hydroxyproline excretion was rapid and always preceded the fall in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Normal urinary hydroxyproline excretion is essential for return of the serum alkaline phosphatase activity to normal. Complete biochemical remission, defined as return of the serum alkaline phosphatase activity to normal, was obtained in 129 patients (91%). The median duration of remission as assessed by actuarial analysis was 2.7 years. This study found no difference in the long term among the three modes of treatment, suggesting that for most patients with Paget's disease a short course of intravenous aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate will produce longlasting, complete remission without need for maintenance treatment.     

微量元素铜锌与相关酶关系探讨

微量元素与酶的关系近年已受到重视和研究,临床上又以Cu2 、Zn2 的研究最多,本研究以血清Cu与含Cu酶铜氧化酶(CP),Zn与含Zn酶碱性磷酸酶(AKP)间的关系做了实验分析,了解元素与酶的关系。结果表明两对值间关系呈正相关,当血清中Cu、Zn含量升高则相应酶活性增大,去掉酶结构中的Cu,Zn则酶失去活性。     

血糖浓度对血清碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

应用磷酸苯二钠法对１００例不同血糖浓度病人血清碱性磷酸酶的活性进行了测定。结果发现，血糖浓度正常者血清碱性磷酸酶的活性明显高于高血糖者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血糖浓度与血清碱性磷酸酶活性之间呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．３５１，Ｐ＜０．０１）；血糖浓度与血清碱性磷酸酶活性之间的回归方程为：ｙ＝６３．２３５０－１．５０３２ｘ。     

Prognostic value of certain enzymatic and hormonal assays in threatened abortion

The following biochemical indices were evaluated comparatively as predictors of the course of threatened abortion: serum oxytocinase, heat stable alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, urinary pregnanediol, and urinary estriol. 36 cases, grouped into controls and pathological cases, were studied. In normal pregnancy, there was a progressive rise in the levels of the serum oxytocinase, leucine aminopeptidase, urinary estriol, and pregnanediol. Serum heat stable alkaline phosphatase showed an undifferentiated range of results in nonthreatened pregnancies. In the group of threatened abortion cases, results were, therefore, considered abnormal if 2 or more successive determinations showed progressive reduction in enzyme or hormonal levels, and abnormality was also diagnosed if the results were below the normal range (published tabularly, per gestational week). The prognostic value of these biochemical indices was as follows: of 16 cases with normal serum oxytocinase values, 31.2% aborted, whereas of 10 with abnormal values, 70% aborted. Of 16 cases with serum leucine normal values, 37.5% aborted, whereas Of 10 abnormal cases, 60% aborted. Of 18 cases with normal heat stable alkaline phosphatase values, 55.5% aborted, whereas of 8 cases with abnormal values, 25% aborted. Of 17 cases with normal urinary estriol determinations, 45% aborted, whereas of 9 cases with abnormal values, 44.5% aborted. And of 17 cases with normal pregnanediol levels, 41% aborted, whereas of 9 cases with abnormal values, 55.5% aborted. These results show that combined estimation of serum oxytocinase and urinary pregnanediol is a reliable parameter in anticipating pregnancy outcome in cases of threatened abortion.     

A clinical, biochemical and histochemical study of carcinoma of the cervix as seen at the Kenyatta National Hospital

This research report studies several biochemical and histochemical aspects of cervical carcinoma and explores their use in follow-up of patients undergoing radiotherapy. Material came from 19 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma admitted to Kenyatta National Hospital. A control group consisted of 20 women matched for age who attended clinics at the hospital but were not suffering from any malignant disease; control tissue for histological examination was obtained from 3 women who had undergone hysterectomy for uterine fibroids. Biochemical assays for alkaline and acid phosphatases in patients with cervical carcinoma show an increase in alkaline phosphatase in carcinomatous tissue (35.7 umoles/hr/mg) as opposed to normal tissue (7.2). Acid phosphatase values were only moderately raised. Assays of the same enzymes in blood showed a less marked difference between patients and controls (ranges of 7.5-20.8 and 3-14, respectively). When examined histochemically, increased alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in connective tissue, epithelium of the glands and blood capillaries of tumor tissue. 1 section containing normal tissue bordering carcinomatous tissue demonstrated normal alkaline phosphatase activity in the normal tissue and increased activity in the tumor tissue. In summary, there is increased enzyme activity around the tumor areas, but values for serum levels show an overlap of normal and abnormal cases and are therefore not predictive. Results demonstrate a clear difference in activities of these enzymes in carcinomatous tissue and normal tissue, which may be of value in follow-up care.     

喘息性支气管肺炎患儿血清钙、磷水平及碱性磷酸酶活性检测

目的:探讨支气管肺炎患儿喘息与血清钙、磷水平及碱性磷酸酶活性的相关性。方法:91例支气管肺炎患儿分为喘息组和非喘息组,分别测定血清钙、磷浓度及碱性磷酸酶活性,并对测定结果进行分析。结果:喘息组血清钙磷浓度均低于非喘息组;而血清钙、磷及碱性磷酸酶阳性率均明显高于非喘息组。结论:钙、磷代谢紊乱与支气管肺炎患儿喘息的发生具有密切相关性。对喘息性支气管肺炎患儿应进行血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶活性检测。     

Enzyme catalytic activities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND: Altered muscle amino acid metabolism resulting in skeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate the existence and extent of changes in the activities of the enzymes catalyzing transamination reactions (aminotransferases), the enzyme involved in bone rearrangement (alkaline phosphatase), and the enzyme reflecting hypoxia that is characteristic of these patients (lactate dehydrogenase). In addition, the effect of cigarette smoking on these enzyme activities was also assessed. METHODS: Enzyme activities such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined by standard analysis in sera of 29 COPD patients (FEV(1) = 46.6 +/- 12.1%) and 58 healthy subjects (21 nonsmokers, 17 ex-smokers and 20 smokers). RESULTS: The activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was significantly decreased, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase increased in sera of COPD patients as compared with the group of healthy nonsmokers. According to centile values, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase was increased in 50, 5, and 50% of COPD patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Study results revealed significant changes in the activities of transamination enzymes in patient sera, thus supporting the reports on altered amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle in COPD. The elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase provides additional evidence for altered bone rearrangement in these patients. Smoking was not found to have any major effect on these enzyme activities in the present study.     

Serum Enzymes in Patients with Carcinoma of Lung: Lactic-Acid Dehydrogenase, Phosphohexose Isomerase, Alkaline Phosphatase and Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase

Serial determinations of serum lactic-acid dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were carried out in 30 patients with primary and four with secondary neoplasms of the lung. Enzyme values were correlated with the stage of illness, with tumour histology, with chemotherapy and with the extent and site of metastases as determined at autopsy. The activity of the enzymes LDH and PHI was most frequently elevated; their values correlated closely. AP and GOT tended to become elevated only shortly before death. Although, in general, enzyme activity increased with tumour extension and often in relation to chemotherapy, assays provided little assistance in early diagnosis or prognosis except that, in most instances, elevated values of any of the four enzymes indicated the presence of metastases.     

ApoMT对CdMT肾毒性保护作用研究

本文研究了去除金属离子的金属硫蛋白（ApoMT）对镉金属硫蛋白（CdMT）肾毒性作用的影响。结果发现，与单独给予CdMT比较，ApoMT能降低尿蛋白量和尿碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性，并能促进尿Cd的排泄。肾组织形态学结果显示肾近曲小管损伤程度明显减轻。提示ApoMT对CdMT肾小管损伤具有保护作用。     

氟宁片治疗氟骨症患者血、尿生化指标的初步探讨

本文对我省安溪县地方性氟中毒流行区12名氟骨症患者及8名饮低氟水对照者进行血、尿生化分析比较有显著性差异。以氟宁片对患者作一个月的治疗,治疗后血清ALP、LDH、P及尿F~-较治疗前明显降低,血钙回升并接近对照组水平。