正交设计优选黄芪与炙黄芪的炮制工艺

目的 研究黄芪、炙黄芪的炮制工艺.方法 以黄芪甲苷为指标,采用正交试验来优选黄芪、炙黄芪的最佳炮制工艺.结果 黄芪的最佳炮制条件为:浸泡0 h,润软4 h,干燥温度80℃;炙黄芪最佳炮制条件为:加蜜量30%,炒制温度300℃,炒制时间2 min.结论 优选出的炮制方法 稳定可行.     

黄芪、木香微型饮片切制工艺优选

目的：优选黄芪、木香微型饮片切制的工艺条件。方法：以饮片的粒径、片厚、润制时间和干燥方式为考察因素，以休止角、醇溶性浸出物及黄芪中指标成分黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、木香中指标成分木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量为指标，采用正交设计，优选黄芪、木香微型饮片切制条件。结果：黄芪、木香微型饮片切制的最佳工艺均为润制4h，切制粒径为7～8mm，厚度为4mm，采用阴干方法干燥。结论：黄芪、木香微型饮片切制工艺合理可行，为微型饮片的研究提供了参考依据。     

Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优选甘草切制工艺

目的 优选甘草的最佳切制工艺.方法 以甘草苷、甘草酸的量和外观性状为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken设计-效应面法考察润制、蒸制、烘制法切制甘草饮片对其质量的影响,优选甘草切制工艺参数.结果 甘草最佳切制工艺为润制6h、蒸制30 min、烘制2h、烘制温度60℃.结论 优选的甘草切制工艺合理可行.     

基于响应面及加权评分的黄芪蜜炙工艺优化

目的采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法结合多属性决策优化黄芪蜜炙工艺。方法以蜜水稀释比、炒制温度、炒制时间为考察因素,以蜜炙黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮苷、黄芪甲苷、总皂苷、总多糖、总黄酮、含水量为考察指标,采用优序图法对各指标进行权重赋予,并计算综合权重。结果黄芪最佳工艺为蜜水稀释比1∶0.6034,炒制温度为147.74℃,炒制时间为4.887min,综合得分值为0.638～0.678。结论基于响应面及加权综合评分优选的黄芪蜜炙工艺可有效减少炮制过程中成分的损失,饮片成色佳,工艺可重现性强,为黄芪蜜炙工艺的开发提供可靠理论证据。     

星点设计-效应面法优选蜜糠炙黄芪的炮制工艺

目的:优选蜜糠炙黄芪的炮制工艺,为该饮片的应用与推广提供参考。方法:以黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、总黄酮及水溶性浸出物含量的总评"归一值"(OD)为评价指标,采用星点设计考察炼蜜用量、炒制时间、炒制温度对蜜糠炙黄芪炮制工艺的影响,对结果进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,利用效应面法选择较佳炮制工艺条件并进行预测分析。结果:蜜糠炙黄芪最佳炮制工艺为黄芪样品40 g加炼蜜9.6 g,炒制时间4 min,炒制温度210℃。黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、总黄酮质量分数及水溶性浸出物分别为0.058%,0.035%,3.28%,48.2%,OD预测值与真实值的偏差1.7%。结论:星点设计-效应面法优选的蜜糠炙黄芪炮制工艺简便可行、预测性良好。     

响应面分析法优选当归切制工艺的研究

目的：筛选当归最佳切制工艺。方法：以阿魏酸含量结合药材水分为评价指标,选择润制时间、烘制温度和烘制时间3个因素进行Box-Benhnken中心组合设计,利用响应面分析法优选当归切制工艺参数。结果：通过优化并经实验验证,得出当归的最佳切制工艺为：润制时间4h,干燥温度60℃和干燥时间4h。结论：为进一步规范当归饮片的切制工艺提供了参考依据。     

酒黄芩炮制工艺及饮片标准研究

目的:筛选酒炙黄芩的炮制工艺条件并建立饮片标准。方法:采用高效液相法测酒黄芩中黄芩苷的含量作为内在指标,以外观性状为辅助指标,通过正交实验对酒炙黄芩进行工艺优选。结果:加酒浓度10,焖润时间6h,炒药机转速600r/min,炙炒温度200℃,炙炒时间8min为最佳炮制工艺。结论:最佳工艺炮制品黄芩苷含量比生饮片有显著的提高且饮片色泽均匀,各批次质量稳定均一。酒炙黄芩炮制参数有实际应用意义。     

正交法优选光知母水处理工艺

目的:探讨光知母的最佳水处理工艺。方法:以菝葜皂苷元、芒果苷含量为指标选择润制时间、烘制温度、切制规格3个因素,用L9(3)4正交设计表,采用方差分析的数学分析方法,对光知母进行水处理工艺的优选。结果与结论:干燥温度、切制规格对菝葜皂苷元、芒果苷含量无明显影响,水处理时间具有显著性差异。光知母水处理最佳工艺为:润制时间15 h,干燥温度60℃,切制规格3 mm。     

正交实验法优选蜜炙黄芪的最佳炮制条件

目的探讨微波炮制方法对蜜炙黄芪中黄芪甲苷含量的影响，优化蜜炙黄芪微波炮制的工艺条件。方法采用HPLC—ELSD法检测蜜炙黄芪中黄芪甲苷的含量，并按L9（3^4）正交实验对蜜炙黄芪的微波火力、加热时间、含蜜量3个因素进行微波炮制蜜炙黄芪的工艺考察。结果可用微波法炮制蜜炙黄芪，最佳工艺为微波火力100％，加热时间4min，含蜜量25％，即A3B2C1。结论微波法炮制蜜炙黄芪中黄芪甲苷含量高于炒法蜜炙黄芪，正交实验中的微波火力和加热时间对蜜炙黄芪的效果具显著差异，有统计学意义（P〈0.05），含蜜量对蜜炙黄芪的影响无显著差异，无统计学意义（P〉0．05），微波法炮制蜜炙黄芪是可行的。     

基于多指标权重分析及正交试验优选知母炮制工艺

目的 采用多指标正交试验优选生知母与盐知母炮制工艺。方法 利用层次分析法(AHP)对新芒果苷、芒果苷及异芒果苷进行分析；在单因素基础上，结合正交试验考察润制时间、烘制温度、烘制时间对生知母质量的影响以及闷润时间、炒炙温度、炒炙时间对盐知母质量的影响，优选生知母和盐知母炮制工艺的技术参数。结果 优选生知母炮制工艺参数为：润制时间20 h,烘制温度70℃,烘制时间8 h;优选盐知母炮制工艺参数为：闷润时间50 min,炒炙温度100～110℃,炒炙时间8 min。结论 优选出的知母炮制工艺稳定可行，为知母规范化生产提供依据。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.