益坤内异丸对内异症、子宫腺肌病在位和异位子宫内膜细胞P450arom、COX-2、OTR的影响

目的探讨益坤内异丸治疗子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌病痛经（血瘀肾虚证）的作用和机制。方法收集2007年7月-2008年2月因卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿、子宫腺肌病伴痛经的患者15例,手术治疗切除巧囊组织或者腺肌病组织．通过双酶联合消化、分次过滤等技术体外分离培养巧囊异位子宫内膜细胞和子宫腺肌病患者的在位、异位子宫内膜细胞。通过倒置相差显微镜观察细胞的生长状况及形态变化．同时采用免疫组化的方法检测中药益坤内异丸及西药内美通对体外培养细胞腺上皮中芳香化酶P450（P450arom）、环氧合酶-2（cox-2）、腺上皮细胞缩官素受体（OTR）含量的影响。结果益坤内异丸能明显降调节异位内膜细胞培养腺上皮中P450arom、COX-2以及OTR水平,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论中药益坤内异丸可能通过调节这些“与疼痛高度相关的反馈机制调节的局部因子”。抑制子宫内膜细胞周围疼痛链的连锁反应。减少致痛因子的水平,进而达到减轻疼痛的目的。     

内异康复片对子宫腺肌病小鼠雌激素效应因子P450arom、COX-2的时空变化影响

目的在临床应用内异康复片治疗子宫腺肌病取得明显疗效和前期实验研究的基础上,应用同种异体垂体移植方法建立子宫腺肌病动物模型,采用免疫组化技术检测P450arom、COX-2在治疗前后各组小鼠子宫在位及异位内膜上表达差异。方法选取8周龄ICR雌鼠62只,异体垂体移植方法造模,之后随机设模型组、内异康复片高、中、低剂量组、丹莪妇康煎膏组、孕三烯酮组。3个月后分别灌胃给药,持续3个月,免疫组化方法观察治疗前后子宫在位及异位内膜上P450arom、COX-2表达情况。结果 P450arom、COX-2表达在不同治疗方法治疗后均下降,内异康复片高剂量组优于其他各治疗组,与模型组比较,具有显著差异(P0.001),而且各组间比较均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论内异康复片能够通过下调在位及异位内膜雌激素效应因子P450arom、COX-2表达,阻断雌激素生成的正反馈环来抑制其产生,从而控制和治疗子宫腺肌病,缓解临床症状。     

罗氏内异方对子宫内膜异位症局部雌激素合成影响的实验研究

目的：从雌激素合成角度探讨子宫内膜异位症（简称内异症）的发病机制,以达那唑作为对照,探索罗氏内异方对内异症模型雌激素合成调节网络的影响。方法：建立大鼠内异症模型,分别给予高、低剂量罗氏内异方似及达那唑治疗,以空白模型组作对照。3周后切除并位内膜病灶,检测前列腺素E2（PGE2）、雌二醇（E0含量和即刻早期表达基因（c—FOS）、小鸡卵白蛋白上游启动子转录因子（COUP—TF）、类固醇合成因子（SF-1）、细胞色素芳香化酶P450（P450arom）的mtkNA表达水平。结果：各用药组中,中药2组的粘连程度最轻,罗氏内异方低剂量组的囊肿最小。与空白模型组比较,各用药组的大鼠异位内膜组织E2和PGE。含量均明显下降,C-FOS表达量明显减弱;2组大鼠异位内膜组织P450arom表达量明显减弱,罗氏内异方低剂量组与高剂量组、达那唑组比较则明显减弱。与其他组比较,罗氏内异方低剂量组大鼠异位内膜组织SF-1表达量明显减弱,各组间大鼠异位内膜组织COUP-TF表达量差异无显著性意义。空白模型组并位内膜的E2含量与PGE2含量、P450arom、C-FOS表达量呈显著正相关,而与COUP-TF表达量呈显著负相关;PGE2含量与P450arom表达量呈显著正相关;P450arom与SF-1表达量有显著的正相关。结论：研究证实,异位内膜局部通过SF-1-P450arom—PGE2介导雌激素合成和C-FOS对雌激素早期应答两种独立途径,使局部的岛浓聚,促进内异症发生发展。同时提示罗氏内异方在一定浓度范围内通过抑制SF-1的表达和C-FOS的表达,使局部E2含量下降,从而抑制异位内膜病灶的发展。     

中医治疗子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌症临床研究

目的：探讨中药“异位消”汤剂治疗子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌症的疗效。方法：选取100例子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌症患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为两组,观察组患者50例接受中药“异位消”汤剂治疗,对照组患者50例接受常规西医治疗。比较两组患者疗效。结果：观察组患者总有效为92．0％（46／50）,明显优于对照组的62．0％（31／50）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：中药“异位消”治疗子宫内膜异住症、子宫腺肌症疗效显著,安全性高。     

清湿化瘀法对子宫腺肌病小鼠Ras基因和COX2-PGE2-P450arom正反馈环调控机制变化的研究

目的通过观察Ras基因表达蛋白和COX2—PGE2—P450arom正反馈环中三指标在子宫腺肌病小鼠治疗前后随动情周期变化的表达差异,及其各组子宫腺肌病小鼠自身在位及异位内膜上的表达差异,研究清湿化瘀法对子宫腺肌病小鼠可能的作用靶点,以探索清湿化瘀法治疗子宫腺肌病的作用机制。方法选取8周龄ICR雌鼠,通过异体垂体移植术建立小鼠子宫腺肌病模型,采用高、中、低剂量的内异康复片和孕三烯酮以及丹莪妇康煎膏分别给药治疗,灌胃治疗3月后取样,应用组织病理学检查、免疫组织化学染色法检测不同周期在位和异位内膜上的Ras和COX2、PGE2、P450arom的表达。结果 (1)手术操作过程对造模结果无影响(P0.01);(2)造模后与正常组相比,各组的在位和异位内膜Ras和COX2—PGE2—P450arom的表达均升高(P0.01),且6月模型组显著高于3月模型组(P0.01),说明Ras和COX2—PGE2—P450arom表达量在造模后随病程进展逐渐升高。(3)治疗前、后各模型组同期异位内膜上的Ras和COX2—PGE2—P450arom的表达量高于在位内膜(P0.01)。(4)治疗后,与6月模型组同期相比,内异康复片高、中计量组,孕三烯酮组,丹莪妇康煎膏组的小鼠在位和异位内膜的Ras和COX2—PGE2—P450arom的表达量均显著降低(P0.01)。结论清湿化瘀法可能通过下调在位及异位内膜Ras基因蛋白表达或抑制COX2—PGE2—P450arom正反馈作用而从某一条或多途径达到治疗子宫腺肌病的目的 。     

中药消异方对子宫腺肌症患者疼痛症状及子宫内膜容受性的影响研究

目的研究中药消异方对子宫腺肌症患者疼痛症状及子宫内膜容受性的影响,以期寻找缓解子宫腺肌症患者痛苦、提高妊娠率的更有效方法。方法将60例子宫腺肌症患者随机分为消异方组30例和对照组30例,消异方组给予中药消异方口服治疗3个月经周期,对照组仅给予生活指导3个月经周期。观察比较2组治疗前后疼痛评分及内膜胞饮突发育情况。结果治疗后消异方组疼痛评分明显低于治疗前及对照组(P均<0.05),子宫内膜胞饮突丰富的患者比例和胞饮突成熟的患者比例均明显高于治疗前及对照组(P均<0.05),对照组治疗前后疼痛评分、子宫内膜胞饮突丰富的患者比例和胞饮突成熟的患者比例比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论中药消异方可以缓解子宫腺肌症患者的疼痛,并改善其子宫内膜容受性。     

益坤抑痛平颗粒对子宫腺肌病模型小鼠子宫内膜神经生长因子及其受体表达的影响

目的探讨益坤抑痛平颗粒缓解子宫腺肌病患者痛经的可能作用机制。方法 30只ICR小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和中药组,每组10只。模型组和中药组以口服枸橼酸他莫昔芬片法建立小鼠子宫腺肌病模型。造模成功后空白组和模型组以生理盐水10μl/(g·d)灌胃,中药组以益坤抑痛平颗粒混悬液15μl/(g·d)灌胃,均给药8周。肉眼观察各组小鼠子宫形态并称量子宫重量,检测各组小鼠子宫内膜中神经生长因子(NGF)及其受体P75的表达。结果空白组小鼠子宫表面光滑,子宫表面未见异常结节;模型组和中药组小鼠子宫表面可见腺肌病结节。中药组和模型组小鼠子宫重量均重于空白组(P<0.05);而中药组与模型组小鼠子宫重量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组小鼠NGF蛋白表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。模型组小鼠子宫内膜中P75表达高于空白组,而中药组小鼠子宫内膜中P75表达较模型组降低(P<0.05)。结论益坤抑痛平颗粒可能通过降低子宫内膜中NGF受体P75的表达来达到缓解子宫腺肌病痛经的目的。     

内异丸Ⅲ号、IV号与达那唑对实验性子宫内膜异位症的对比研究

目的为了评价内异丸ＩＩ、ＩＶ号与达那唑胶囊对子宫内膜异位症的疗效。方法我们采用实验性子宫内膜异位症的兔模型,分中药治疗组、达那唑组和对照组来进行对比实验;各组动物测定前列腺素６Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＰＧＥ２,组织病理学检查。结果三组的血液前列腺素水平有显著的差异。组织病理学表明,中药内异丸组对兔模的子宫内异组织囊泡有抑制作用,且不影响腺管的正常结构。达那唑对形成的内异组织囊泡大小似无影响与对照组相似;且能影响腺管的结构。结论中药内异丸ＩＩ、ＩＶ号对实验性子宫内膜异位兔模的异位作用有生理性抑制作用,其效果优于达那唑胶囊。     

内异丸对大鼠子宫内膜异位模型的影响

目的:观察内异丸对大鼠子宫内膜异位模型的影响。方法:采用手术移植法造成大鼠子宫内膜异位模型,观察口服给药内异丸对子宫内膜移植物体积、孕激素含量及血液流变性的影响;采用大鼠角叉菜胶致足肿胀模型观察药物抗炎作用;采用醋酸致小鼠疼痛模型观察药物镇痛作用。结果:内异丸具有抑制移植性子宫内膜生长作用,以及抗炎、镇痛作用。结论:内异丸对子宫内膜异位症具有一定的治疗作用。     

中医药治疗子宫肌腺病12例

中医药治疗子宫肌腺病１２例李鲁炎江苏省扬州市中医院（２２５００２）主题词子宫内膜异位／中医药疗法，＠子宫肌腺病／中医药疗法子宫肌腺病是妇科中的常见病之一，据报道妇科手术切除的子宫标本中６～４０％有子宫肌腺病。此病是由子宫内膜侵入子宫肌层引起的一种良性...     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.     

Correlation of Metabolism, Metabolomics, and Metabonomics

<正>In this issue,CHM published two reviews on drug metabolism of Chinese herbal medicines.Three key words have been found,they are metabolism,metabolomics,and metabonomics.As we known,drug metabolism is the biochemical modification of pharmaceutical substances respectively by living organisms through specialized enzymatic systems,the rate of metabolism determines the duration and intensity of pharmacological responses     

Isolation and structure of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C

Homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C (2a, 2b, 2c) were found to be minor components of a temsirolimus preparation made from rapamycin. These three temsirolimus analogues are derived from the corresponding rapamycin analogues, homorapamycins A, B, and C (1a, 1b, 1c) produced by the strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The structures of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C were determined by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were tested for mTOR kinase inhibition and in two proliferation assays using LNCap prostate and MDA468 breast cancer cells. The results suggested that the mTOR inhibition and antiproliferation potencies for 2a, 2b, and 2c are comparable to those of rapamycin (1) and temsirolimus (2).     

Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G

The antimalarial activities of physalins B, D, F, and G (1-4), isolated from Physalis angulata, were investigated. In silico analysis using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA) database predicted the antimalarial activity of each of these compounds, which were shown using an in vitro assay against Plasmodium falciparum. However, treatment of P. berghei-infected mice with 3 increased parasitemia levels and mortality, whereas treatment with 2 was protective, causing a parasitemia reduction and a delay in mortality in P. berghei-infected mice. The exacerbation of in vivo infection by treatment with 3 is probably due to its potent immunosuppressive activity, which is not evident for 2.     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠学习记忆及脑中NO、Ach的影响

目的:观察酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠的促学习记忆作用并初步探讨其机制。方法:采用Morris水迷宫法观察酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠的学习记忆影响,并测定小鼠脑内NOS、ChaE、AChE的含量。结果:酸柏栀油软胶囊1.25～5 ml/kg能缩短小鼠登台潜伏期,增加穿越原平台次数,以中剂量作用最强;且登台潜伏期随训练时间的延长,各组作用均逐渐增强,d20的作用尤为明显。酸柏栀油软胶囊尚能增加小鼠脑内NOS、ChaE活性,降低AChE活性,也以中剂量作用为佳。结论:酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠学习记忆有促进作用,该作用可能与其富含不饱和脂肪酸,增加脑内NO、Ach的含量有关。     

鲜姜黄挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的:分析广西产鲜姜黄挥发油的化学成分,为其利用提供科学依据。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取鲜姜黄挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果:检出48个色谱峰,鉴定出48个化合物,占总挥发油的100%。结论:广西产鲜姜黄油的的主要成分是姜烯(16.25%),1,8-桉叶油素(13.52%),芳-姜黄酮(13.55%),姜黄酮(11.19%),β-倍半水芹烯(10.08%),表-α-绿叶烯(6.26%),芳-姜黄烯(5.43%),大根香叶酮(5.02%),γ-松油烯(2.38%),红没药醇(3.59%)。     

证候的构成、内涵、实质和意义

本文分析论证了关于证候的四方面问题,提出证候是由症状、体征构成的,是症状、体征的有机组合;证候的内涵属于现象范畴,并没有病因、病理和病位的认识内容;证候作为现象存在实质因素,但是没有超出疾病实质的独立因素,是从属于疾病实质的;证候实质没有独立于疾病之外的独立意义,研究证候实质是没有根本和全面价值的课题,在此造成人、财、物的浪费是不应该的。