基于ITS2 序列鉴定中药材金沸草、旋覆花及其近缘混伪品

目的：应用ITS2 序列鉴定中药材金沸草、旋覆花及其近缘种混伪品,以确保药材质量,保障临床安全用药。方法：通过对金沸草、旋覆花等药材的3 个基原物种条叶旋覆花、旋覆花和欧亚旋覆花及其同属近缘物种进行DNA 提取、PCR 扩增ITS2 序列并双向测序,用CodonCode Aligner 对测序峰图进行拼接后,用MEGA5.0 软件进行相关数据分析,并构建NJ 系统聚类树以直观反映鉴定结果。结果：各基原物种ITS2 序列变异位点稳定,其种内平均K2P 距离均远小于各自药材以及同属近缘混伪品的种间平均K2P 距离;基于ITS2 序列的NJ 树可以将金沸草和旋覆花药材与同属其它近缘混伪品明显区分开。结论：ITS2 序列可准确鉴别中药材金沸草和旋覆花及其同属近缘混伪品。     

金沸草散治疗咳嗽三则

金沸草散是治疗风寒咳嗽的有效方剂.陈修园在他的<医学从众录>中提到:"表寒则脉浮,带弦带紧,头痛身痛,或鼻塞时流青涕,轻则六安煎,重则金沸草散,及小青龙汤主之."<古今图书集成医部全录>引用<太平惠民和剂局方>金沸草散的组成:旋覆花、麻黄去节、前胡去芦各七分,荆芥一钱,甘草炒、半夏汤洗七次,姜汁浸、赤芍药各五分,生姜三片,枣一枚.陈修园将其中赤芍药改为白芍.方中以旋覆花(金沸草是旋覆花的茎叶,近代用花)为君.据<本草纲目>记载:"旋覆花气味咸温有小毒,宗奭曰'苦、甘、辛',主治结气胁下满、惊悸,除水、去五脏间寒热<本经>;消胸上痰结、唾如胶漆、心胁痰水、膀胱留饮别录>."     

显脉旋覆花的生药学研究

目的：为鉴别、研究和开发民间药物显脉旋覆花提供参考依据。方法：采用性状和显微方法观察显脉旋覆花各器官。结果：显脉旋覆花的茎、叶、总苞片密被黄色毛茸,根茎部有白色毛茸,根的皮层可见断续排列的石细胞环,花的粉末中可见草酸钙柱晶。结论：以上性状和显微特征对显脉旋覆花具有鉴别意义。     

欧亚旋覆花的性状与显微鉴别

本文观察了欧亚旋覆花的药材性状及显微鉴别要点。粉末鉴别特征是叶上表皮细胞，非腺毛细胞数目和形态，腺毛大小形态及花粉粒。     

线叶旋覆花的显微鉴定研究

<正> 线叶旋覆花为菊科旋覆花属植物,地上部分与同属的旋覆花(I.japonica Thunb.)同作金佛草人药。线叶旋覆花因花序能产生呕吐等不良反应,不宜作为旋覆花入药。但有文献仍将线叶旋覆花收载于旋覆花项下。本文对线叶旋覆花的花序作了显微特征观察,以区别于旋覆花。     

旋覆花的药材鉴别

旋覆花为中医常用的法痰平喘、降逆下气药。主治咳喘痰粘，嗳气呕吐，胸闷胁痛等症。《神农本草经》列为下品，别名金沸草，《本革纲目》列为湿草类，又名金钱花、滴滴金与夏菊。寇宗夷说：“花缘繁茂，圆而覆下，故日旋覆。”今困药业以头状花序为旋覆花，以其苓叶为金沸草，性味效用与花相同，但逐水导湿的功能较花为胜。“旋覆代赭汤”和“金沸草散”即其主要名方。     

鲜旋覆花根外敷治疗腮腺炎

腮腺炎多因滤过性病毒引起的 ,流行季节以春天或冬天为多 ,直接接触传染 ,传染途径可能为口腔、鼻、眼等器官。患者多是学龄期儿童。一般患过一次后 ,有永久免疫性。笔者采用鲜旋覆花根外敷治疗腮腺炎获得较好疗效 ,现将具体用法介绍如下。旋覆花为菊科植物旋覆花 Inula britannica L.var.chinensis(Rupr.) Reg.。其花、地上部分和根均可药用。花入药名旋覆花 ,具有消痰行水 ,降气止呕的功效 ,;地上部分入药称金沸草 ,功能化痰 ,止咳 ;鲜根入药具有清热解毒 ,消肿止痛的功能 ,主要用于治疗腮腺炎。具体用法是把新鲜旋覆花全草采集回来 ,剪…     

旋覆花

<正>临床应用品种临床用药中,全国范围内除旋覆花Znula japonica Thunb.窄叶旋覆花Inula linariifolia Turcz外,还有以下同属品种当金沸草入药。1.水朝阳草(明·《滇南本草》、清·《植物名实图考》别称:水朝阳旋覆花,又名水葵花Inula heliannnths-aquatica C.Y.Wu.ex Ling本品在云南,贵州、四川部分地区当金沸草应用。2.湖北旋覆花Inula hupehensis (Ling.)Ling.本品在湖北和西南部分省区当金沸草应用。其花序称为旋覆花。3.沙旋覆花Znula salsoloides(Turca.)Ostenf.在甘肃等省区当金沸草应用。     

旋覆花药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的：研究旋覆花药材的指纹图谱的测定方法，确定旋覆花HPLC指纹图谱。方法：采用HPLC/UV测定旋覆花药材甲醇提取液的指纹图谱，并与同属其他植物花序进行比较。结果：建立了旋覆花药材的HPLC指纹图谱，发现13个色谱峰为共有峰，确定了其相对保留时间和峰面积比值的范围。结论：利用旋覆花指纹图谱可以对不同植物来源的旋覆花药材进行鉴别，并可在一定程度上进行质量控制。     

中药旋覆花之诗词赏析

旋覆花开洵足珍，别名金沸草称神。蕊繁最喜生家同，根细空教产水滨。成可软坚痰不老，温能散结气俱匀。须防损目休多嗅，自古先贤训欲遵。注：本诗出自清·赵瑾叔《本草诗》。     

羊耳菊有机溶剂提取物的抑菌作用研究

目的:评价羊耳菊提取物抗微生物活性,为广泛应用于传统医药系统的药物提供科学依据。方法:通过使用不断增强极性的有机溶剂,即石油醚、氯仿、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮和冰醋酸,获得羊耳菊根、茎、叶的提取物。使用药敏纸片扩散法和试管二倍稀释法,研究了提取物对大肠杆菌(E.coliO1)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphy-lococcus aureus 91053)、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella paratyphiA)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)的体外抑菌特性。结果:羊耳菊不同有机溶剂提取物都具有抑菌作用,其中,冰醋酸提取物的抑菌效果最好,其次是乙醇和丙酮提取物,石油醚提取物抑菌效果略差;根和叶提取物抑菌作用比茎提取物好;提取物对革兰氏阳性抑制效果比革兰氏阴性菌好。结论:羊耳菊有机溶液提取物体外试验证实了该民间药物具有抗菌活性,也表明了羊耳菊是一种有开发潜力的新抗菌药物资源。     

羊耳菊水提取物体外抑菌活性研究

目的 探讨羊耳菊不同器官水提取物的体外抑菌活性.方法 以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌等10种微生物为试验菌株,采用药敏纸片扩散法、试管二倍稀释法,对羊耳菊水提取物进行抑菌试验.结果 羊耳菊全株各器官都具有较强的抑菌作用,其中根对10种供试菌种都有抑制作用,抑制范围最广;茎对9种供试菌种有抑制作用,叶对8种供试菌种有抑制作用.羊耳菊各器官对金黄色葡萄球菌与铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用最强.羊耳菊根、茎、叶对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为15.63,62.5,62.5 mg/ml,而其抑菌圈直径分别为14.3,13.8,13.5 mm;羊耳菊根,茎,叶对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值分别为15.63,31.25,62.5 mg/ml,其抑菌圈直径分别为15.8,15.5,14.0 mm.结论 羊耳菊水提取物体外试验证实了该民间药物具有抗菌活性,也表明了羊耳菊是一种有开发潜力的新抗菌药物资源.     

Mechanisms of Chinese medical formula Fangji Huangqi Decoction as an effective treatment of nephrotic syndrome based on systems pharmacology

Objective: Flower herbs are an important category of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, some of which are used as healthcare tea in folk. However, the increasing adulteration of medicinal herbs is threatening consumer safety. The adulteration of flower herbs and their healthcare tea products in the market were investigated. Methods: A total of 33 flower herb samples from several retail pharmacies in China were randomly collected and 27 flower healthcare tea samples were purchased online. They were identified using ITS2-based Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCMD). Additionally, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the adulterants were compared in the ITS2 secondary structures. Results: There were one adulterant (Inulae Flos) in flower herb materials and eight adulterants in healthcare tea samples. Inula linariifolia was an adulterate species of Inulae Flos, Robinia pseudoacacia was of Sophorae Flos, and Lonicera macranthoides was of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were two healthcare tea products with high adulteration rates. Conclusion: The TCMD is powerful tool to identify flower herbs and the adulterants that frequently occurred in the flower herb market, especially online shops.     

宁夏回药伏毛铁棒锤栽培品与野生品生药学比较

目的:对宁夏回药伏毛铁棒锤栽培品与3个地区野生品植物的根、茎、叶进行生药比较,为其质量控制及大面积栽培提供实验数据。方法:采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别和理化鉴别的方法进行比较。结果:栽培品与3个产地野生品伏毛铁棒锤的性状、显微与理化鉴别均无显著差异。结论:从生药学角度看,宁夏六盘山、黑刺沟、西吉月亮山等地区都适合伏毛铁棒锤的栽培。     

中药羊耳菊根醇提取物的抑菌作用研究

目的评价菊科(Asteraceae)旋覆花属(Inula L.)植物羊耳菊Inula cappa(Buch.~Ham.exD.Don)DC.干燥根的提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用,确定羊耳菊根的有效抑菌部位。方法羊耳菊根的乙醇提取物,用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,利用活性追踪的方式,结合硅胶柱层析方法对其不同萃取相及不同硅胶层析段位进行抑菌活性评价。结果通过对比羊耳菊根醇提物的不同萃取相以及不同分离段位的抑菌活性,可知羊耳菊根乙酸乙酯相氯仿:丙酮(10∶0)部位的抑菌效果最强,乙酸乙酯相、氯仿∶丙酮(9∶1)提取物次之,在浓度为2.0 mg/μL时,羊耳菊根乙酸乙酯相氯仿∶丙酮(10∶0)部位抑菌活性与红霉素的抑菌活性最为相近。从氯仿∶丙酮(10∶0)部位分离得到3个化合物,蔓荆子黄素(1),12-demethylmulticauline(2)和达玛烷-20,24-二烯-3β-乙酰基(3)。结论本研究首次确定羊耳菊根中抗菌有效部位为羊耳菊根醇提取物中乙酸乙酯相氯仿∶丙酮(10∶0)部分和(9∶1)部分,化合物2为首次从羊耳菊中分离得到,为继续分得到具有抑菌活性的单体化合物提供理论依据与试验基础。     

Identification of flower herbs in Chinese pharmacopoeia based on DNA barcoding

Objective Flower herbs are an important category of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, some of which are used as healthcare tea in folk. However, the increasing adulteration of medicinal herbs is threatening consumer safety. The adulteration of flower herbs and their healthcare tea products in the market were investigated. Methods A total of 33 flower herb samples from several retail pharmacies in China were randomly collected and 27 flower healthcare tea samples were purchased online. They were identified using ITS2-based Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCMD). Additionally, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the adulterants were compared in the ITS2 secondary structures. Results There were one adulterant (Inulae Flos) in flower herb materials and eight adulterants in healthcare tea samples. Inula linariifolia was an adulterate species of Inulae Flos, Robinia pseudoacacia was of Sophorae Flos, and Lonicera macranthoides was of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were two healthcare tea products with high adulteration rates. Conclusion The TCMD is powerful tool to identify flower herbs and the adulterants that frequently occurred in the flower herb market, especially online shops.     

旋覆花中鞣质的含量测定

目的测定旋覆花水提物中鞣质的含量。方法采用干酪素法和络合滴定法进行鞣质含量测定。结果干酪素法测定旋覆花中鞣质含量为5.96%,RSD=1.68%(n=3);络合滴定法测得含量为8.32%,RSD=2.09%(n=3)。结论该两种分析方法简便、准确,可用于旋覆花中鞣质的含量测定。     

Assessment of therapeutic effect of Inula heterolepsis Boiss in alcoholic rats

An aqueous extract from the root of Inula heterolepsis Boiss was prepared and then tested for its ability to treat experimentally induced alcoholic hepatic injury in rats. Alcoholic rats were divided into two groups. The first group of rats were given 200 mg/kg/day plant extract. Repeated doses of extract preparations were given at 12 h intervals for 10 days. Differences between the recovery of tissue injury, with and without Inula plant extract, were evaluated. The second group of rats were given vehicle. Liver, testis and kidney injuries due to the chronic alcohol consumption were proven biochemically and histopathologically. Rats were killed, serum SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin levels were measured. SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in alcoholic rats due to the tissue damage compared with intact, vehicle and Inula treated groups of rats (p < 0.05). Liver, testis, kidneys, stomach, intestine, heart, lungs and bladder were examined histopathologically. According to our study, the root extract of Inula heterolepsis Boiss has a slight therapeutic effect on alcoholic liver, kidney and testis damage in rats. Comparing the therapeutic effects in these organs, the liver seemed to be affected meaningfully after treatment with the plant extract.     

马蓝叶与其易淆品路边青叶的叶形态-脉序图谱的鉴别特征

目的:寻找马蓝叶与其易淆品路边青叶的鉴别特征,建立有效的鉴别方法。方法:LMVP(叶形态-脉序图谱鉴别法),QAERM(定量分析评价鉴别中药品种真伪方法的可靠性方法)。结果:主要区别点:马蓝叶的叶基渐狭下延,干叶深暗蓝绿色、暗棕绿色,具梭状小点,无腺点或局部有小腺点,叶柄与中脉的界限不明显,最末二级脉的下方有三级脉从中脉发出;路边青的叶基不下延,干叶黄绿色、绿色、绿黄色、黄棕色,无梭状小点,密布腺点,叶柄与中脉的界限明显,最末二级脉的下方无三级脉从中脉发出。同时以上述6组区别点为指标,鉴别结果的正确性(AC)=98.5%～99.2%;重复性为符合率(ARO)=97.7%,一致性强度(Kappa)=0.95。结论:建立的"叶形态-脉序图谱鉴别法"可准确鉴别马蓝叶及易淆品路边青叶。操作简便、快速、价廉、可靠性强。