Mechanisms of Chinese medical formula Fangji Huangqi Decoction as an effective treatment of nephrotic syndrome based on systems pharmacology |
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| Authors: | Xue-min Wei Xiao-yue Wang Zi-tong Gao Pei Cao and Jian-ping Han |
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| Institution: | 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;1. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China;2. Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100050, China;3. Xinjiang Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medica and National Medica, Urumqi 830002, China;4. Ningxia Yongning Plantation of Herba Cistanche, Yinchuan 750100, China;1. Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;2. Department of Research, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;3. Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;4. Department of Clinical laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;1. Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Zoology, Auxilium College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Tamil Nadu 632006, India;2. Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Tamil Nadu 636011, India |
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| Abstract: | Objective:
Flower herbs are an important category of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, some of which are used as healthcare tea in folk. However, the increasing adulteration of medicinal herbs is threatening consumer safety. The adulteration of flower herbs and their healthcare tea products in the market were investigated.
Methods:
A total of 33 flower herb samples from several retail pharmacies in China were randomly collected and 27 flower healthcare tea samples were purchased online. They were identified using ITS2-based Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCMD). Additionally, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the adulterants were compared in the ITS2 secondary structures.
Results:
There were one adulterant (Inulae Flos) in flower herb materials and eight adulterants in healthcare tea samples. Inula linariifolia was an adulterate species of Inulae Flos, Robinia pseudoacacia was of Sophorae Flos, and Lonicera macranthoides was of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were two healthcare tea products with high adulteration rates.
Conclusion:
The TCMD is powerful tool to identify flower herbs and the adulterants that frequently occurred in the flower herb market, especially online shops. |
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| Keywords: | adulteration flower herbs healthcare teas ITS2 survey |
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