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??Polygonati Rhizoma as one of the most common Chinese herbal medicine and food was widely distributed in China. In TCM clinic, it was used for diabetes, hyperlipemia and rehabilitation therapy of cancer. Nowadays, with the rapid development of health industry, Polygonati Rhizoma shows excellent functions on healthcare, and then a surge of demands was coming. But there are so many species belongs to this genus and the classification criteria are not unified, so some important problems become urgently to be resolved, such as how to guarantee the quality and how to keep sustainable development. In this paper, the origin, distribution in China, chemical composition, pharmacological, and clinical application are reviewed. Its prospect is discussed to be helpful to promote the comprehensive development of Polygonatum.     

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??As a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster has the characteristics of short life cycle, high fecundity and high gene conservation. At present, Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the studies of pharmacology and pathogenesis, including aging, neurodegenerative disease, insomnia, tumor and other fields, which show potential values in accelerating the speed of drug screening and target discovery. In this paper, the advantages of Drosophila as a model organism, the applications and limitations of Drosophila in pharmacological studies were reviewed.     

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??Chrysanthemum morifolium has a long history of culture and use in China. Due to different germplasm resources, producing areas, and processing methods, many cultivated varieties have formed now. The varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium are affected by economic interests and processing cost, which change gradually. On the basis of spot investigation and related literature study, the changes of the varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium were summarized in this paper. It will provide theoretical evidence for the culture, processing, quality evaluation, and clinical application of C. morifolium.     

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??Cistanches Herba,which mainly grows in the arid or semi-arid areas in northwest China, is one of the precious tonic Chinese material medica. It has been traditionally used as a nutritious food in China for thousands of years.Ancient literature with regard to the variety origin, producing areas, property and flavor, traditional effect and toxicity, usage and dosage, and edibility of Cistanches Herba are summarized in this review. The origin plants are Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma and Cistanche salsa (C. A. Mey.) G. Beck.The producing areas and present effect of Cistanches Herbaare the same as those in the ancient literature.It is often made into oral pills for various adult consumptive diseases. It is contraindicated in cases of essence deficiency with yang going upward adversely and diarrhea. The dietotherapy history of Cistanches Herba in China can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589). Cistanches Herba braised with mutton or sheep kidneys is a time-honored dish in China to alleviate fatigue.This work is committed to providing literature evidence for further research on the raw materials of Cistanches Herba as health foods.     

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目的探讨transgelin 2在人乳腺癌紫杉醇耐药细胞(MCF-7/PTX)紫杉醇耐药和侵袭转移中的作用。方法在倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态;采用MTT法测定细胞活性;运用Western blot和Real-time PCR检测细胞中transgelin 2,E-cadherin,Ncadherin,Vimentin的蛋白和mRNA表达;通过细胞划痕和Transwell侵袭实验分别测定细胞的迁移和侵袭能力;运用小干扰RNA技术降低MCF-7/PTX细胞中transgelin 2的表达。结果 MCF-7/PTX细胞发生EMT过程,并具有较强的耐药和侵袭迁移能力;干扰transgelin 2后,增强MCF-7/PTX细胞对紫杉醇的敏感性,抑制它们的侵袭和迁移能力。结论高表达transgelin 2不仅能够诱导MCF-7/PTX对紫杉醇的耐药,还能促进侵袭转移的发生,提示transgelin 2可望成为乳腺癌新的肿瘤标志物及治疗靶点。     

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??OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid DNA detection kit for DNA extraction and PCR identification of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. METHODS The classical DNA extraction and PCR identification METHODS for Panax ginseng C.A. Mey were modified, and the compositions and reaction conditions of the kit were determined. In addition, the specificity, stability, sensitivity, and repeatability of the kit were evaluated. The genomic DNAs of genuine and counterfeit ginseng goods were extracted by the kit and PCR was performed to identify the authenticity. The purity of the extracted DNA was detected by UV spectrophotometry. Finally, commercially available ginseng samples were verified. RESULTS The purity of the genomic DNA extracted by the kit was (1.73??0.13)(OD₂₆₀/ OD₂₈₀), and a fragment between 150 and 200 bp could be amplified only from authentic Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. The specificity of the kit was 100%. The repetitive experiments showed that the average intra-assay CV% and inter-assay CV% of the kit were 2.38% and 2.62%, respectively. The DNA in solutions diluted by 200 times could still be detected. Stability experiment proved that repeated freeze-thawing for 20 times had no significant effect on the activity of this kit and the test sample could be stored at -20 ?? for one year. The specificity test confirmed that 8 samples among the 10 commercial products were genuine, and 2 were counterfeit. CONCLUSION The nucleic acid extraction and purity of the DNA detection kit can meet the requirement for identification of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.The kit has good specificity, high sensitivity, and good stability, so it is suitable for the rapid detection of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. METHODS The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic METHODS including macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical METHODS. RESULTS Eleven compounds were isolated from the 65% ethanol extract of the fruits of Lycium ruthenicun Murr., and their structures were identified as p-hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate(1), kaempferol 3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(2), quercetin 3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(3), syringin(4), quercetin(5), ethyl caffeate(6), p-coumaric acid(7), ferulic acid(8), 2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl) phenol(9), dotriacontane(10), and daucosterol(11). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-4, 6, 9, and 10 are for the first time isolated from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Compounds 1-8 show moderate protective effects on OGD-induced PC12 cell lines.     

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??OBJECTIVE To conduct the contrastive studies of universal compression model to pharmaceutical powder compression characteristics effect base on Heckel and Kawakita equation founded.METHODS The uniaxial compression tests were developed with three excipients of lactose, starch, microcrystalline cellulose and four mixture excipients of lactose, starch, microcrystalline cellulose with different mass fraction. The change rules between density and pressure and model error are analyzed of two different compression models respectively.RESULTS The absolute density error value of Heckel and Kawakita compression model is within 4%, when the pressure is greater than 80 MPa,and the variance of Kawakita model is less than Heckel model.The absolute error value of Heckel and Kawakita compression model is within 3.73%, when the pressure is larger than 60 MPa, and the variance of Kawakita compression model less than Heckel model.CONCLUSION During applying two universal compression models to analyze pharmaceutical powder compression characteristics, two models are suitable, when the pressure is between 80 and 240 MPa.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of isoniazid and moxifloxacin in human plasma and pleural effusion. METHODS The theophylline was used as internal. The protein of samples were precipitated with acetonitrile. The supernatant was separated on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq (4.6 mm??150 mm, 5 ??m). The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and 5 mmol??L^-1 ammonium acetate(0.1% formic acid solution). Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The MS/MS ion transition of m/z was 138.1/121.1 for isoniazid, 402.1??384.0 for moxifloxacin and 181.1/124.0 for theophylline. RESULTS Chromatograms showed no endogenous interfering peaks with blank samples.The calibration curves of isoniazid and moxifloxacin were both linear over the concentration range of 0.1-10 ??g??mL^-1. Both inter-and intra-day relative standard deviations were less than 7.56%.CONCLUSION The method is specific,sensitive and accurate,and proved to be suitable for the determination of isoniazid and moxifloxacin in human plasma and pleural effusion samples.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare ion-sensitive ophthalmic in situ gel containing bendazac lysine (BDZL-ISG) and preliminarily study its rheological behavior, in vitro drug release, corneal permeation, and pharmacokinetics in rabbit aqueous humor. METHODS Single factor investigation was carried out to optimize the formulation, taking viscosity and gelling capacity as evaluation indices. Using aqueous solution or eye drops as control, the in vitro release of the formulation was evaluated by dialysis membrane method. Then, the corneal permeation experiment of the optimum formulation was carried out with Franz diffusion cell. The pharmacokinetics of BDZL-ISG in rabbit aqueous humor was preliminarily studied by microdialysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the optimum formulation had shear thinning behavior and significant sustained release effect. There was no significant difference in the corneal permeation between the two groups. The RESULTS of pharmacokinetic study showed that ??_max (13.25 ??g??L^-1) and AUC_0-t of BZDL-ISG were 2.38 and 2.2 times higher than those of BDZL eye drops respectively, which suggested that the ocular bioavailability of BDZL was greatly enhanced by the optimum in situ gel formulation. CONCLUSION With significant sustained release effect, the ion-sensitive ophthalmic in situ gel will become a promising alterative formulation for bendazac lysine for treatment of cataracts.     

明党参愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

目的:通过愈伤组织的增殖与分化实现快速繁殖,以建立明党参愈伤组织培养体系.方法:以明党参的嫩茎为外植体,在不同激素组合的脱分化、分化培养基上培养.结果:MS培养基附加NAA 0.5～1 mg/L,KT 0.1 mg/L适合于愈伤组织的诱导和培养;附加6-BA 1～2 mg/L适合愈伤组织芽的分化;附加IBA 0.5～1 mg/L适合根的诱导.结论:在一定培养条件下,通过愈伤组织的再分化是实现明党参植株再生的有效途径.     

华重楼植株的快速繁殖研究

目的以华重楼Paris polyphylla var.chinensis根茎为外植体,建立华重楼植物的快速繁殖技术。方法以MS为基本培养基,通过研究激素6-BA、2,4-D、NAA、IBA、KT、IAA和头孢曲松钠、活性炭等对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和不定根产生的影响,找出组培苗诱导培养的最佳培养基配方。结果华重楼最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 1.5mg/L+2,4-D 3.0 mg/L;最佳不定芽分化培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+IAA 0.3 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L+头孢曲松钠300 mg/L;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+活性炭0.5%。当组培苗长出第1片叶且不定根长出4条以上时将组培苗取出,先放在无菌水中栽培5 d,再移栽至松软土壤中,组培苗生长健壮,成活率为100%。结论在获得愈伤组织的基础上,进一步完成对不定芽的诱导与无根苗生根培养,筛选出了培育华重楼组培苗的最佳条件。     

五指毛桃组织培养获得再生植株的研究

目的采用组织培养快繁技术培养五指毛桃种苗,为人工种植提供种源。方法采用五指毛桃叶片作外植体,以MS和1/2 MS为基本培养基,采用正交设计研究植物生长调节剂多因素组合(6-BA、NAA、2,4-D、IAA、KT和IBA)对五指毛桃初代诱导、不定芽分化和诱导生根的影响。结果不定芽最佳诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA,外植体经20 d诱导培养,可分化形成不定芽72个;MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L IAA+0.3 mg/L KT最利于不定芽继代增殖,增殖倍数6.67;1/2 MS+1.0 mg/L IBA+0.3 mg/L NAA最适于诱导生根获得再生植株,生根率100%;宜移栽于泥炭-珍珠岩(1︰1)的基质上,成活率为93%。结论此途径繁殖速度快、再生率高,能为栽培五指毛桃提供大量种苗。     

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??OBJECTIVE To optimize vancomycin regimen in children with MRSA infection. METHODS Vancomycin AUC_0-24/MIC predictions were performed across a range of dosages (20-70 mg??kg^-1??d^-1) using a Monte Carlo simulation (n=10 000). AUC_0-24 was calculated as daily dose divided by vancomycin clearance, and daily dose was fixed for a given simulation. The MIC distribution for MRSA was obtained from the RESULTS of clinical laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, from 2012 to 2014 (n=430;30%??0.5 mg??L^-1; 58.6%= 12 mg??L^-1; and 11.2%=2 mg??L^-1; 0.2%=4 mg??L^-1). RESULTS With increasing vancomycin daily dose, the percentage of patients predicted to achieve AUC_0-24/MIC >400 similarly increased. At 35 mg??kg^-1??d^-1, the percentage predicted to achieve AUC_0-24/MIC >400 was 99.41% when MIC was 0.5 mg??L^-1. However, the dosage rose to 65 mg??kg^-1??d^-1 when MIC was 1 mg??L^-1. At this regimen, the percentage predicted to achieve AUC_0-24/MIC >400 was 97.55%. At a MIC of 2 mg??L^-1 and more, none of the dosages predicted to achieve AUC_0-24/MIC>400. CONCLUSION Recommended empiric vancomycin dosing in children should be above 35 mg??kg^-1??d^-1 when MIC is 0.5 mg??L^-1. At the MIC is 1 mg??L^-1, the recommended regimen should be over 65 mg??kg^-1??d^-1.     

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??OBJECTIVE To develop a highly sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method to explore the pharmacokinetic properties of araloside A. METHODS Araloside A was administered in a dose of 50 mg??kg^-1 via gastric in fusion and 5 mg??kg^-1 by intravenous injection in rats.Araloside A was analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method in plasma after intravenous and intragastric administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by software DAS 3.0. RESULTS The RESULTS of pharmacokinetic study showed that the linear range of araloside A was good in 1.0-10 000.0 ??g??L^-1(r>0.994 8). The specificity, precision and accuracy, matrix effect and extraction recovery rate and stability all meet the requirements. The main pharmacokinetic parameters for intragastric administration with araloside A 50 mg??kg^-1 and intravenous injection of araloside A 5 mg??kg^-1 were as follows:t_1/2 was(8.65??3.22) and(2.00??0.21)h, AUC_0-t was(277.14??101.00) and (21 194.59??4 385.13)ng??h??L^-1, MRT_0-t was (7.88??0.64) and (1.21??0.11)h, Vd/F was (2 229.99??1 013.97) and (0.71??0.20)L??kg^-1, CL/F was(149.11??62.28) and (0.24??0.05) L??h^-1??kg^-1, respectively; ??_max was (32.68??10.74) ??g??L^-1 for intragastric administration and t_max reached(1.21??0.70) h, oral bioavailability of araloside A was about 0.14%. CONCLUSION The LC-MS/MS method established is specific and sensitive, and can be successfully applied in basic pharmacokinetic study of araloside A in rat plasma.     

北细辛叶柄愈伤组织的增殖培养及器官分化研究

目的研究北细辛Asarum heterotropoides叶柄愈伤组织增殖培养、再生芽分化及不定根诱导的最适条件,建立高效的愈伤组织培养和再生体系。方法以北细辛幼嫩叶柄诱导出愈伤组织,于含不同质量浓度6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和萘乙酸(NAA)的增殖培养基中扩大培养,选取嫩绿致密的愈伤组织接种在不同激素浓度配比的分化培养基上诱导再生芽及不定根,经驯化后移栽。结果愈伤组织增殖较适培养基为1/2 MS+0.40 mg/L 6-BA+0.10 mg/L NAA,在含0.40 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA的1/2 MS培养基中再生芽分化率最高,无激素添加的1/2 MS培养基适于壮苗培养,不定根诱导最适培养基为1/4 MS+0.25 mg/L IBA。结论确定北细辛愈伤组织增殖及分化的最适培养基及激素水平,建立了完善的北细辛再生体系,成功获得再生植株。     

五指毛桃组织培养研究

以五指毛桃茎节为外植体,1/2MS培养基加不同植物生长调节剂的组培实验结果表明:不定芽最适诱导培养基为1/2MS BA1.0 mg/L NAA1.0mg/L和1/2MS BA1.5 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L,增殖培养基为1/2MS 6-BA0.5 mg/L,生根培养基为1/2MS IBA 1mg/L.本文还对组织培养过程中,导致褐变产生的因素及防止褐变的方法进行了探讨.     

正交法优化三叶青继代增殖与生根培养的条件

目的探究三叶青的组培快繁技术。方法通过正交试验对三叶青的腋芽增殖、生根培养条件进行优化,得出三叶青的快速繁殖的最适培养基。结果在MS培养基上附加2 mg L-16-BA+0.5 mg L-1ZT+1mg L-1IBA时芽的增殖效果最好;而在1/2MS培养基上附加1.0 mg L-1IBA+20 g L-1蔗糖时,生根效果最佳。结论通过腋芽增殖快繁育苗技术可获得完整植株,达到快速繁殖的目的。     

药用植物黄花乌头植株再生系统的建立

目的:通过茎尖培养实现药用植物黄花乌头Aconitum coreanum (Levl.)Rpaics的快速繁殖,建立黄花乌头植株再生系统.方法:以黄花乌头茎尖为外植体,用不同的培养基和激素组合培养.结果:MS培养基是不定芽分化和增殖的最佳基本培养基,附加6-BA 2～5 mg/L适合于不定芽的诱导,附加赤霉素1～5mg/L和腺嘌呤1～5mg/L能促进芽的生长与增殖,附加IBA 0.5～1.0 mg/L适于根的诱导.结论:在一定培养条件下,茎尖培养是实现黄花乌头植株再生的可行方法.     

天门冬组培快繁体系研究

目的 建立天门冬组培快速繁殖体系,保护和合理利用天门冬资源.方法 采用不同基本培养基和不同种类及质量浓度的植物生长调节剂对天门冬不同外植体进行愈伤组织诱导、丛生芽诱导及生根培养研究.结果 愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为1/2 MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,pH 5.8;丛生芽诱导的适宜培养基为MS+ 1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L LAA,pH 5.8;生根的适宜培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+0.5 mg/L IAA,其中培养基中铁盐的质量浓度降低到6.95 mg/L,蔗糖的质量浓度降低至20 g/L,pH值为5.8.结论 天门冬不同外植体均可诱导出愈伤组织,其中嫩芽诱导愈伤率最高,为天门冬最适组织培养的外植体;利用组织培养技术能够实现天门冬快速繁殖,为其人工扩大栽培奠定了良好基础.