华重楼植株的快速繁殖研究

目的以华重楼Paris polyphylla var.chinensis根茎为外植体,建立华重楼植物的快速繁殖技术。方法以MS为基本培养基,通过研究激素6-BA、2,4-D、NAA、IBA、KT、IAA和头孢曲松钠、活性炭等对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和不定根产生的影响,找出组培苗诱导培养的最佳培养基配方。结果华重楼最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 1.5mg/L+2,4-D 3.0 mg/L;最佳不定芽分化培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+IAA 0.3 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L+头孢曲松钠300 mg/L;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+活性炭0.5%。当组培苗长出第1片叶且不定根长出4条以上时将组培苗取出,先放在无菌水中栽培5 d,再移栽至松软土壤中,组培苗生长健壮,成活率为100%。结论在获得愈伤组织的基础上,进一步完成对不定芽的诱导与无根苗生根培养,筛选出了培育华重楼组培苗的最佳条件。     

甘西鼠尾草愈伤组织诱导、增殖及分化研究

目的考察不同质量浓度激素组合对甘西鼠尾草愈伤组织诱导、增殖及分化的影响。方法以甘西鼠尾草叶片为外植体,采用正交试验研究2,4-D、NAA、6-BA、KT对愈伤组织诱导及增殖的影响,并探讨适宜愈伤组织分化的培养条件。结果以诱导率和相对生长速率为指标,6-BA和2,4-D均对甘西鼠尾草细胞脱分化和细胞增殖具有显著影响,愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素组合为2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L,增殖的最佳激素组合为2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L,MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L的培养基有利于不定芽的分化,而1/2 MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L的培养基则有利于不定根的分化。结论本实验所建立的组织培养体系,适宜甘西鼠尾草的植株再生。     

北细辛叶柄愈伤组织的增殖培养及器官分化研究

目的研究北细辛Asarum heterotropoides叶柄愈伤组织增殖培养、再生芽分化及不定根诱导的最适条件,建立高效的愈伤组织培养和再生体系。方法以北细辛幼嫩叶柄诱导出愈伤组织,于含不同质量浓度6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和萘乙酸(NAA)的增殖培养基中扩大培养,选取嫩绿致密的愈伤组织接种在不同激素浓度配比的分化培养基上诱导再生芽及不定根,经驯化后移栽。结果愈伤组织增殖较适培养基为1/2 MS+0.40 mg/L 6-BA+0.10 mg/L NAA,在含0.40 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA的1/2 MS培养基中再生芽分化率最高,无激素添加的1/2 MS培养基适于壮苗培养,不定根诱导最适培养基为1/4 MS+0.25 mg/L IBA。结论确定北细辛愈伤组织增殖及分化的最适培养基及激素水平,建立了完善的北细辛再生体系,成功获得再生植株。     

北柴胡愈伤组织诱导、分化及不定芽增殖条件研究

目的研究北柴胡叶片、茎段和花芽愈伤组织诱导、分化和不定芽增殖的条件,探讨快速繁殖的新途径。方法选择优良的北柴胡类型,在附加不同种类、不同质量浓度和不同配比外源植物激素的MS培养基中,进行不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导和分化培养以及愈伤组织再生植株的繁殖和生根培养。结果附加2,4-D 1.0 mg/L、KT0.5 mg/L和6-BA 0.5 mg/L的MS培养基最适合于叶片、茎和花芽愈伤组织的诱导,其中以花芽愈伤组织的诱导效果最好;在附加6-BA 1.0 mg/L、NAA 0.03 mg/L和CM 15%、CH500 mg/L的培养基中,愈伤组织的分化率最高;附加6-BA 1.5 mg/L、NAA 0.05 mg/L和CH 250 mg/L的MS培养基为芽苗增殖的适宜培养基;附加NAA0.5 mg/L的1/2 MS培养基是生根的适宜培养基。结论北柴胡的茎段和花芽外植体在适宜的激素组合中均可通过愈伤组织途径分化出不定芽,继而得到正常生长、发育的再生植株。     

水半夏组培快繁体系的建立

目的建立水半夏的组培快繁体系,为快速、大量生产水半夏种苗提供基础。方法利用不同植物激素配比的培养基,以水半夏块茎为外植体进行试验。结果愈伤培养基MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖3%+琼脂6 g/L可成功诱导水半夏愈伤组织;丛生芽培养基MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+蔗糖3%+琼脂6 g/L诱导不定芽效果较好,增殖倍数高;生根培养基1/2 MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.4 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖3%+琼脂6 g/L+AC 0.3 g/L,有利于水半夏不定根的快速形成,12～14周即可获得再生水半夏植株。培养基MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+蔗糖3%+琼脂6 g/L为诱导水半夏分化一次性成苗的最佳激素配比,5～6周可形成试管苗,10周后可用于炼苗。结论建立的水半夏组培快繁体系为水半夏优良品种的快速繁殖奠定基础,且可应用于工厂化生产水半夏种苗。     

防风愈伤组织诱导及植株再生体系的建立

目的建立防风Saposhnikovia divaricate再生体系。方法研究不同外植体、温度、培养基、光照条件对诱导防风愈伤组织的影响,采用响应面试验设计,优化愈伤组织诱导及增殖的激素配比。结果以防风的叶片为外植体,诱导愈伤组织最适培养基为MS+6-BA 0.90 mg/L+2,4-D 1.05 mg/L+KT 0.96 mg/L,25℃恒温12 h/d光照培养;最适增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 0.56 mg/L+2,4-D 0.48 mg/L+KT 0.40 mg/L,继代周期为35 d;诱导丛生芽最适培养基为MS+NAA 0.6 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L;最适生根培养基为MS+NAA 0.4 mg/L+6-BA 0.1 mg/L。结论成功诱导防风愈伤组织并建立稳定高效的植株再生体系。     

南方红豆杉愈伤组织生长动力学及紫杉醇代谢动力学研究

目的通过愈伤组织细胞生长及其紫杉醇代谢动力学的研究,筛选确定南方红豆杉愈伤组织培养生产紫杉醇的最佳培养基配方与最佳收获期。方法以改良MS为基本培养基添加不同质量浓度的IBA、6-BA、GA3组合诱导培养南方红豆杉愈伤组织,通过测定愈伤组织鲜质量进行生长动力学研究,采用HPLC法检测不同生长阶段愈伤组织中紫杉醇的积累量,进行紫杉醇代谢动力学研究。结果改良MS+0.2 mg/L IBA+0.05 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L GA3、MS+0.2 mg/L IBA+0.01mg/L 6-BA+0.7 mg/L GA3及MS+0.2 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA3培养条件均较有利于南方红豆杉愈伤组织的诱导培养,且紫杉醇的积累量也较高,最高可达0.037 76%。结论在添加IBA及6-BA的基础上适当增补GA3可使南方红豆杉愈伤组织诱导提前启动,缩短出愈时间,促进生长,降低褐变程度,增加愈伤组织中紫杉醇的积累量。愈伤组织的生长曲线呈S型,紫杉醇的积累呈线型增加,是一个逐渐积累的过程,但积累到一定程度就不再增加,且伴随着愈伤组织不断褐变。     

乌头离体培养和快速繁殖

目的建立乌头的快繁体系。方法利用组织培养的方法,设置18种、9种和12种不同激素处理组合的培养基分别诱导乌头不同外植体愈伤组织、诱导愈伤组织丛生芽的分化、诱导再生苗的生根。结果适合乌头茎尖和茎段愈伤组织诱导的培养基为:MS NAA0.2mg/L 6-BA2.0mg/L PVP(或AC)3.0g/L;适合叶片愈伤组织诱导的培养基为:MS NAA0.2mg/L 6-BA4.0mg/L PVP(或AC)3.0g/L;适合愈伤组织增殖与丛生芽诱导的培养基为:MS NAA0.2mg/L 6-BA2.5mg/L LH200mg/L PVP3.0g/L和MS NAA0.1mg/L 6-BA2.0mg/L LH200mg/L PVP3.0g/L。适合诱导生根的培养基为:MS IBA1mg/L AC3.0g/L。结论以乌头茎尖、叶片、茎段及带或不带腋芽的茎段作为外植体进行离体培养,可以实现乌头种苗的工厂化快速繁殖。     

苦荞麦叶柄的植株再生研究

目的:以苦荞麦叶柄为外植体,建立一套苦荞麦植物的快速繁殖技术。方法:以MS为基本培养基,通过研究激素6-BA、2,4-D、NAA和IBA对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和不定根产生的影响,找出其相应的最佳培养基配方。结果与结论:苦荞麦最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 4.0 mg/L;最佳不定芽分化培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L;最佳生根培养基为MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L。将组培苗移栽至松软的土壤中,注意适当遮光,组培苗成活率达90%以上。     

竹节参离体培养及植株再生

目的:探索竹节参离体培养与植株再生技术及优化培养条件。方法:以竹节参的胚、茎、叶作为外植体,应用正交的方法,筛选出竹节参最佳的愈伤组织诱导和分化培养基。结果:竹节参不同外植体的最优消毒方法分别为,种子消毒采用75%酒精浸泡60 s,0.1%氯化汞浸泡12 min;茎和叶片采用75%酒精浸泡15 s,5%次氯酸钠浸泡5 min。光照条件下愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基配方是,胚用MS+1.5 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L KT;茎用MS+1.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L KT,叶为MS+1.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.2mg/L KT;黑暗条件下,胚为MS+1.0 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.2 mg/L KT,茎为MS+1.5 mg/L NAA+1.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L KT,叶为MS+1.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L KT。丛芽诱导最佳培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L GA3。生根诱导最佳培养基为MS+...     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。