人参皂甙Rg1对大鼠海马脑片长时程增强效应影响的实验研究

以雄性健康Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠离体海马脑片为实验对象,从神经细胞水平观察人参皂甙Ｒｇ１对海马脑片细胞电生理变化。发现人参皂甙Ｒｇ１显著提高海马脑片细胞外电生理ＰＳ波幅,能够促进海马脑片长时程增强效应的形成与巩固。本实验为人参“益智”作用提供了新的实验证据,同时也为人参对中区神经系统作用机理的研究提供了新的线索。     

人参皂甙和维生素E防护牛视网膜色素上皮细胞脂质过氧化作用的实验研究

目的：探讨人参皂甙Ｒｂ１、Ｒｇ１及维生素Ｅ对氧化损伤后的牛视网膜色素上皮（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉｕｍ,ＲＰＥ）细胞的抗氧化作用。方法：建立牛ＲＰＥ细胞氧化损伤的模型,并分为正常对照组（１ｍｌＤＭＥＭ培养液）,次黄嘌呤（ｈｙｐｏｘａｎｔｈｉｎｅ,ＨＸ）／黄嘌呤氧化酶（ｘａｎｔｈｉｎｅｏｘｉｄａｓｅ,ＸＯ）损伤组（ＨＸ／ＸＯ组）,Ｒｂ１组,Ｒｇ１组和维生素Ｅ组。利用硫代巴比妥酸比色法,检测各组ＲＰＥ细胞培养上清液中脂质过氧化（ｌｉｐｉｄｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ,ＬＰＯ）产物丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉ－ａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）含量。结果：ＨＸ／ＸＯ组ＭＤＡ与正常对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｒｂ１、Ｒｇ１和维生素Ｅ组中两种药物浓度均能有效地降低ＭＤＡ的生成（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：人参皂甙和维生素Ｅ对ＲＰＥ细胞ＬＰＯ产物ＭＤＡ增多具有抑制作用     

人参根和茎叶皂甙对大鼠学习记忆障碍改善作用研究

采用八肢放射迷路研究人参根及茎叶皂甙对由东莨菪碱所致的大鼠学习记忆损伤的影响。东莨菪碱（０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ｉ．ｐ．）能显著地降低大鼠在放射迷路中最初正确选择数。实验证明人参根皂甙（２５～５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ｐ．ｏ．）和人参茎叶皂甙（１２．５～２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ｐ．ｏ．）均能显著地降低由东良菪碱所致总错误选择。结果表明,人参根及茎叶皂甙对东莨菪碱所致大鼠的空间学习记忆损伤有很好的改善作用。     

中国人参根、茎叶皂甙对大鼠的学习记忆及脑内单胺类递质含量的影响

人参根皂甙（ｉｇ，５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ×７ｄ）对正常大鼠的学习、记忆过程有促进作用；而人参茎叶皂甙（ｉｇ，５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ×７ｄ）对电休克所致的大鼠记忆障碍有明显的改善作用。两者均使正常大鼠不同脑区的单胺类递质的含量明显增多。     

人参皂甙和维生素E防护牛视网膜色素上皮细胞脂质过氧化作用的实 …

目的：探讨人参皂甙Ｒｂ１、Ｒｂ１及维生素Ｅ对氧化损伤后的牛视网膜色素上皮（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌ ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉｕｍ，ＲＰＥ）细胞的抗氧化作用。方法：建立牛ＲＰＥ细胞氧化损伤的模型，并分为正常对照组（１ｍｌＤＭＥＭ培养液），次黄嘌呤（ｈｙｐｏｘａｎｔｈｉｎｅ，ＨＸ）／黄嘌呤氧化酶（ｘａｎｔｈｉｎｅ ｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＸＯ）损伤组（ＨＸ／ＸＯ组），Ｒｂ１组，Ｒｇ１组和维生素Ｅ组。利用硫代巴比     

薄层扫描法测定三七片中人参皂甙Rg1的含量

目的：测定三七片中人参皂甙Ｒｇ_１的含量。方法：双波长薄层扫描法。结果：６个药厂生产的三七片中人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的含量为１４．６４～２０．０１ｍｇ／ｇ。结论：本法简便、灵敏、准确、可供本品质量控制用。     

湖南栽培西洋参中人参皂甙的含量测定

本文采用薄层扫描法和比色法测定湖南（安化县、新宁县）引种栽培二年生、三年生西洋参中人参皂甙Ｒｂ１、Ｒｅ、Ｒｇ１和总皂甙含量。结果表明与文献报道的原产地栽培西洋参人参皂甙含量基本一致。     

薄层扫描法测定三七片中人参皂甙Rg1的含量

目的：测定三七片中人参皂甙Ｒｇ_１的含量。方法：双波长薄层扫描法。结果：６个药厂生产的三七片中人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的含量为１４．６４～２０．０１ｍｇ／ｇ。结论：本法简便、灵敏、准确、可供本品质量控制用。     

人参二醇组皂甙对甲基磺酸甲酯诱发小鼠精子非程序DNA合成的抑…

应用雄性小鼠生殖细胞非程序ＤＮＡ合成（ＵＤＳ）试验方法，动态地观察了人参二醇组皂甙（ＰＤＳ）对甲基磺酸甲酯（ＭＭＳ）所诱发ＵＤＳ的抑制作用，结果表明，在ｉｐ ＭＭＳ（７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）同时或提前１－５ｈ将ＰＤＳ（２４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）ｉｐ小鼠，可明显抑制小鼠精子ＵＤＳ，而在ＭＭＳ给予后ｉｐ ＰＤＳ则对ＭＭＳ诱发的ＵＤＳ无明显影响，提示ＰＤＳ可预防ＭＭＳ对遗传物质的损伤作用。     

糖肾康颗粒剂中黄芪甲甙和人参皂甙Rg1的含量测定

用薄层扫描法测定糖肾康颗粒剂中黄芪甲甙和人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的含量。结果表明黄芪甲甙和人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的线性范围分别为１．３４μｇ～６．７０μｇ和１．４３μｇ～７．１５μｇ,糖肾康颗粒剂中黄芪甲甙和人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的回收率分别为９７．７４％和９５．７７％。用此方法测定了３批样品中黄芪甲甙和人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的含量。     

Effect of Mucuna urens (horse eye bean) on the gonads of male guinea-pigs

The effect of Mucuna urens (seeds) on the gonads and sex accessory glands of male guinea-pigs was investigated. Sexually mature guinea-pigs of proven fertility were administered orally with 70 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg body weight of crude extract daily for 8 weeks respectively. Phytochemical screening of the seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids. No death or weight loss were observed during the duration of treatment. No pregnancy occurred in females mated with the treated males. Histological observations at high dose (140 mg/kg) showed complete degeneration of sperm in the testicular tubules. In some tubules, the acrosomal cap of the sperm cells was separated from the nuclei which underwent colour changes. In some tubules only the tails were left in the lumen. The spermatids, primary and secondary spermatocytes showed pycnosis while the morphology of spermatogonia and germinal epithelium appeared normal. Some epididymides were devoid of sperm while others contained degenerated spermatozoa and cell debris. In the prostate gland there was collapse of the villi and reduction of secretion in both the prostate and seminal vesicles. At low doses (70 mg/kg), there was spermatogenic arrest at spermatid stage. These observations have shown that M. urens is a potential male antifertility agent.     

Comparison of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 for their effects on improving scopolamine‐induced learning and memory impairment in mice

Rg1 and Rb1 are two major active compounds of ginseng that facilitate learning and memory. The present study aimed to compare the nootropic effects of Rg1 and Rb1 in a scopolamine induced dementia mice model. After 6 and 12 mg/kg of Rg1 and Rb1 intraperitoneal administration to mice for 7 days, their effects were assessed using the step‐down passive avoidance (SD) and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, acetylcholine (ACh) content and serotonin (5‐HT) level in the hippocampus were analysed after SD and MWM tests. The results showed that Rg1 and Rb1 ameliorated cognition‐deficiency in mice with dementia. Rg1 showed stronger effects than Rb1 on escape acquisition in MWM. Both Rg1 and Rb1 increased ACh levels in the hippocampus, but Rg1 inhibited AChE activity while Rb1 had no effect on AChE activity. Both Rg1 and Rb1 inhibited the decrease of 5‐HT induced by scopolamine, but Rb1 was more active than the same dose of Rg1. These results demonstrate that multiple administrations of Rg1 and Rb1 are effective in improving memory deficiency induced by scopolamine. Rg1 appears to be more potent than Rb1 in improving acquisition impairment, and the two ginsenosides may act through different mechanisms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anti-diabetic effects of Panax notoginseng saponins and its major anti-hyperglycemic components

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae) is a well-known and commonly used traditional Chinese herb for treatment of various diseases, such as hemostasis, edema and odynolysis.

Aim of study

Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obese effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in KK-Ay mice, and explore the components in PNS for such effects.

Materials and methods

KK-Ay mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of PNS 200 mg/kg or vehicle for 30 days while ginsenoside Re 14 mg/kg, Rd 15 mg/kg, Rg1 40 mg/kg, Rb1 60 mg/kg and notoginsenoside R1 6 mg/kg for 12 days. Fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL), glucose tolerance (GT), serum insulin, leptin levels, body weight changes, food intake, adipose tissues and blood fat levels were measured at different time points.

Results

The PNS group had significantly lower FBGL, improved GT and smaller body weight incremental percentage after the 30-day treatment. Additionally, Rb1 exhibited significant reduction of FBGL on day 12, and Re also exhibited a decreasing trend after the 12-day treatment.

Conclusions

PNS possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obese activities by improving insulin- and leptin sensitivity, and Rb1 is responsible for the anti-hyperglycemic effect among the five saponins in KK-Ay mice.     

Rg1、Rb1对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织VEGF蛋白表达的影响

目的观察Rg1、Rb1对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）蛋白表达的影响。方法75只大鼠随机分为正常组与造模组，造模组采用空腹一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素复制糖尿病模型后随机分为模型组、厄贝沙坦组、Rg1大剂量组、Rg1小剂量组、Rb1组，给药12周；12周末处死大鼠，取肾后固定包埋切片，采用HE染色、Mallory染色观察肾组织病理改变，并应用免疫组化检测肾组织VEGF蛋白的表达。结果Rg1、Rb1能够降低糖尿病大鼠的蛋白尿，增加体重，降低Scr和BUN，改善肾功能，调节TG，改善脂代谢紊乱，并且能够降低糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞、肾间质细胞内的VEGF在细胞浆内的表达。结论Rg1、Rb1可抑制VEGF蛋白的过度表达，进而减缓糖尿病肾病的病程进展。     

蛇床子素对阳虚症小鼠影响的实验研究

目的研究蛇床子素对阳虚症小鼠的影响。方法①建立氢化可的松致阳虚小鼠模型,测定小鼠性腺器官、肾上腺及免疫器官的重量,测定小鼠体重、体温、自主活动和游泳时间。②研究蛇床子素对幼年雄性小鼠及去势雄性小鼠性腺器官重量的影响;③测定LD50。结果①蛇床子素(150mg/kg)可增加肾阳虚雄性小鼠睾丸、附睾和精液囊脏器系数;增加小鼠的体重,延长游泳时间。②蛇床子素(150mg/kg)可增加雄性幼鼠的体重、精液囊脏器系数和去势小鼠精液囊、包皮腺脏器系数。③蛇床子素经口的LD50为3.60±0.40g。结论蛇床子素对氢化可的松所致的阳虚小鼠和去势小鼠症状有一定改善作用。     

Reproductive toxicity of lapachol in adult male Wistar rats submitted to short-term treatment

Lapachol is a therapeutic naphthoquinone, but little is known about its general and reproductive toxicity. In female rats, a high incidence of resorptions and fetal mortality has been reported. This work analyses the effect of the short-term administration of lapachol on vital and reproductive organs, and sperm production in Wistar rats. Adult animals were treated with 1 mL of lapachol hydroalcohol solution (100 mg/kg of body weight) for 5 days and killed 3 (T1) and 14 days (T2) after the end of treatment. Body and organ weights and sperm production were evaluated. The administration of lapachol significantly reduced the weight of the seminal vesicle (T1 animals). No significant alteration of gamete production, body weight and the weight of the other organs analysed were detected. The results suggest a reproductive toxicity effect of lapachol, indicating the seminal vesicle as a possible target organ.     

白藜芦醇对正常幼龄大鼠前列腺的影响研究

目的探讨白藜芦醇对正常幼龄大鼠前列腺的影响。方法将大鼠随机分组,灌饲不同剂量的白藜芦醇(剂量分别为5 mg/kg、1 mg/kg0、.5 mg/kg),连续3周,阳性对照组皮下注射己烯雌酚1 mg/kg,每周3次(周一,三,五)。于第22天杀剖,分离前列腺、精囊和睾丸,称体质量,计算各腺体指数。结果白藜芦醇5 mg/kg组的前列腺指数与正常对照组相比减少(P<0.05)。精囊腺前列腺全质量指数较之正常对照组减少(P<0.05)。各白藜芦醇给药组的睾丸质量和指数与正常对照组相比无明显统计学差异,对正常幼龄大鼠睾丸生长无明显影响。白藜芦醇对体质量无明显影响。结论白藜芦醇对正常幼龄大鼠的前列腺、精囊腺的生长有一定的抑制作用,对体质量、睾丸生长无明显影响。     

HPLC测定调经养颜胶囊中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1的含量

目的:研究调经养颜胶囊(黄芪、女贞子等)中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1的含量测定方法。方法:采用HPLC法测定人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1的含量。结果:人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1三者的平均加样回收率Rg1为99.03%、Rb1为98.95%、R1为99.18%,RSD分别为1.59%,1.40%,1.97%,n=6。结论:该方法简便,灵敏,重现性好,可作为调经养颜胶囊中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1的含量测定方法。     

HPLC测定复方血栓通胶囊中人参皂苷Rg_1Rb_1和三七皂苷R_1的含量

目的:建立HPLC测定复方血栓通胶囊中人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和三七皂苷R1含量的方法。方法:采用Shi-madzu-C18柱,以乙腈为流动相A,以水为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为203nm,流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为40℃,理论板数按三七皂苷R1峰计算应不低于2000。结果:测得人参皂苷Rg1在0.868～8.680μg(r=0.9999,n=6)、人参皂苷Rb1在0.892～8.920μg(r=1.0000,n=6)、三七皂苷R1在0.308～3.080μg(r=1.0000,n=6)线性关系良好;平均回收率人参皂苷Rg1为100.11%,RSD0.71%;人参皂苷Rg1为99.91%,RSD0.87%;三七皂苷R1为99.90%,RSD1.61%,(n=5)。结论:本法准确,专属性强。     

Antifertility effects of beta-sitosterol in male albino rats.

The effects of beta-sitosterol on fertility, epididymal sperm counts and testicular and accessory reproductive organ weights were evaluated in male albino rats. The effects were studied at two dosages (0.5 and 5 mg/kg per day rat subcutaneously) for 16, 32 and 48 days. The antifertility effect of beta-sitosterol was pronounced only at the high dose level, but there was a significant decrease in testicular weight and sperm concentrations after long-term treatment with the low dose of beta-sitosterol. The weights of all accessory sex tissues except caput epididymis increased following low dose sitosterol treatment. High dose treatment reduced the sperm concentrations as well as the weights of testis and accessory sex tissues in a time-dependent manner. Withdrawal of treatment for 30 days restored only the weights of accessory sex tissues to near normal conditions.