蜂胶对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的作用及其机制的研究

 目的观察蜂胶液对佐剂性关节炎的作用及其机制。方法采用大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型进行观察比较蜂胶水提液和蜂胶醇提液的抗炎免疫作用。结果蜂胶醇提液和水提液均能够减轻局部组织的炎症反应,抑制足跖肿胀。通过测定大鼠关节炎渗出液中IFN-γ,IL-2,PGF₂和IL-6含量,发现蜂胶液对IL-6和PGE₂的产生有显著的抑制作用,而对IL-2和IFN-γ无明显影响。结论蜂胶具有良好的抗炎作用,其作用机制可能是通过抑制单核巨嗜细胞的活化和分化发挥抗炎作用。     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanolic extract of Bougainvillea xbuttiana

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Bougainvillea xbuttiana is widely distributed in Mexico and it is used as an analgesic in folk medicine.

Aim of the study

In the present study the in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the Bougainvillea xbuttiana ethanolic extract have been studied in mice.

Materials and methods

The phytochemical analysis was performed. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through writhing and formalin test in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined with the carrageenan-induced mice paw oedema model. IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ levels were determined by enzyme-like immunosorbent assay, whereas TNF and nitrite levels were detected by standard assay with L929 cells and colorimetric Griess reactive, respectively.

Results

The results showed that the ethanolic extract of the Bougainvillea xbuttiana has significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, by inhibition of nociception induced by acetic acid and paw oedema. This extract also induced a decrease in TNF levels and an increase of IL-6, IFN-γ and NO levels that we observed up to 2 h. The highest levels of IL-10 were observed up to 4 h. The ratios of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines in sera from mice injected with the ethanolic extract, may be manifesting an anti-inflammatory status.

Conclusions

The present study provides convincing evidences that Bougainvillea xbuttiana extract possesses significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.     

Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mediators' production and anti-inflammatory effect of the iridoid scrovalentinoside

We have studied scrovalentinoside, an iridoid with anti-inflammatory properties isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, as an anti-inflammatory agent in different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. We found that scrovalentinoside reduced the edema induced by oxazolone at 0.5 mg/ear and sheep red blood cells at 10 mg/kg. The observed effect occurred during the last phase or inflammatory response; during the earlier phase or induction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, no significant activity was noted. Thus, scrovalentinoside reduced both the edema and cell infiltration in vivo and reduced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, affecting the cycle principally during the first 48 h. Whereas cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin changed from the G₀/G₁ phase to the S and G₂/M phases, when these same cells were treated with scrovalentinoside (100 μM), they remained in the G₀/G₁ phase. Finally, scrovalentinoside inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators’ TNF-, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, LTB₄, and NO, but had no effect on the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.     

丹栀龙胆逍遥汤成分复配物的抗炎作用

目的 研究丹栀龙胆逍遥汤中抗炎成分獐牙菜苦苷、京尼平苷酸、没食子酸复配物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症以及2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)诱导小鼠特应性皮炎的保护作用.方法 采用MTT法检测细胞活力,Griess法检测NO水平,ELISA法检测IL-6、TNF-α、PGE2、iNOS、COX-2水平,We...     

黄葵素对糖尿病肾病大鼠氧化应激、炎症反应和TGF-β1/Smad2信号通路的影响

目的探讨黄葵素对糖尿病肾病大鼠氧化应激、炎症反应和TGF-β₁/Smad2信号通路的影响。方法将60只成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、糖尿病肾病组、黄葵素低剂量组、黄葵素高剂量组,每组15只。造模成功后第2天,黄葵素低剂量组和黄葵素高剂量组分别给予黄葵素75 mg/kg和150 mg/kg灌胃,对照组和糖尿病肾病组给予生理盐水灌胃,均1次/d,连续8周。血糖仪测定各组大鼠空腹血糖(FPG)水平;双缩脲法测定各组大鼠24 h尿蛋白量;全自动生化分析仪检测各组大鼠血清肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平;ELISA检测各组大鼠血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;HE染色观察各组大鼠肾组织病理变化;Masson染色观察各组大鼠肾组织纤维化情况;免疫组织化学染色检测各组大鼠肾组织中TGF-β₁表达情况;ELISA检测各组大鼠肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)表达水平;Western blot检测各组大鼠肾组织中TGF-β₁和p-Smad2蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组比较,糖尿病肾病组大鼠FPG、SCr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白量及血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显升高(P均<0.05),肾组织坏死明显,可见大量炎性细胞,肾小球和肾小管中有大量蓝色的胶原纤维,肾组织中TGF-β₁阳性表达率和肾组织中MDA水平、TGF-β₁蛋白表达水平、Smad2蛋白的磷酸化水平均明显升高(P均<0.05),肾组织中SOD和GSH水平均明显降低(P均<0.05)。与模型组比较,黄葵素各组大鼠FPG、SCr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白量、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平及肾组织中MDA水平、TGF-β₁蛋白表达水平、Smad2蛋白的磷酸化水平均明显降低(P均<0.05),肾组织中SOD和GSH水平均明显升高(P均<0.05)。结论黄葵素可减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠的炎症反应、氧化应激和肾损伤,抑制TGF-β₁/Smad2信号通路的激活,对糖尿病肾病具有潜在的治疗作用。     

Studies on the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr

The serial extracts of the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr. were investigated for anti-inflammatory property. The analgesic and antipyretic properties were also evaluated. The most of the extracts derived from the plant Aegle marmelos caused a significant inhibition of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and cotton-pellet granuloma in rats. The extracts also produced marked analgesic activity by reduction the early and late phases of paw licking in mice. A significant reduction in hyperpyrexia in rats was also produced by the most of the extracts. This study was established anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of the leaves of Aegle marmelos.     

麻黄-甘草药对的抗炎作用及机制研究

目的:观察麻黄-甘草药对的抗炎作用,探讨抗炎机制.方法:ICR小鼠随机分为模型对照组,地塞米松组(0.01g·kg-1),麻黄-甘草药对组(22.4,11.2,5.6 g·kg-1),每天1次,连续ig给药5d,末次给药30 min后采用醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性增加实验观察抗炎作用;取SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,地塞米松组(0.01 g·kg-1),麻黄-甘草药对组(22.4,11.2,5.6 gˉkg-1),每天1次,连续ig给药5d,末次给药30 min后采用角叉菜胶诱导胸膜炎实验观察抗炎作用,测定胸膜炎大鼠胸腔渗出液前列腺素E2( PGE2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量以及肺组织TNF-α,IL-1β和丙二醛( MDA)含量,探讨抗炎机制.结果:与模型对照组比较,麻黄-甘草药对(22·4,11.2 g·kg-1)可显著抑制醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加,抑制角叉菜胶诱导的胸膜炎大鼠胸腔液渗出(P＜0.01),抑制渗出液白细胞数量增多(P＜0.01);22.4 g·kg-1能抑制中性粒细胞比率升高;麻黄-甘草药对3个剂量组对淋巴细胞比率没有明显影响;麻黄-甘草药对(22.4,11.2 g·kg-1)抑制胸腔液PGE2,TNF-α,IL-1β含量升高(P＜0.05);药对22.4 g·kg-1能抑制肺组织TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA含量升高(P＜0.01),11.2 g·kg-1能抑制肺组织IL-1β含量升高(P＜0.01).结论:麻黄-甘草药对有抗炎作用,抗炎机制可能与影响炎症介质产生和抗氧化作用有关.     

人参皂苷Rg1抑制NLRP3炎症小体对2型糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变的保护作用

人参皂苷Rg₁是传统名贵中药人参的主要活性成分之一。研究显示,人参皂苷Rg₁具有抗氧化应激、抗炎、抗衰老及神经保护等广泛的药理学作用。糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病最常见的并发症,也是造成中老年人群视力下降和失明的主要原因。最新研究显示,人参皂苷Rg₁对DR也有明显的保护作用,但其对DR的保护作用及机制研究较少,仍需要进一步研究。该实验主要研究人参皂苷Rg₁对2型糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变的保护作用及机制。采用高脂饲料(high fat diet,HFD)+链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导2型糖尿病小鼠模型,苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色观察小鼠视网膜病理学情况;采用免疫组化研究核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3,NLRP3)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在视网膜的定位及表达情况;采用Western blot检测视网膜核因子-κB(NF-κB)、p-NF-κB、NLRP3、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-1(caspase-1)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、瞬时受体电位阳离子通道蛋白6(transient receptor potential channel protein 6,TRPC6)、活化T细胞核因子2(activated T-cell nuclear factor 2,NFAT2)和VEGF的表达情况。结果显示,人参皂苷Rg₁处理能明显减轻2型糖尿病小鼠视网膜病理学损伤;免疫组化结果显示,人参皂苷Rg₁明显降低2型糖尿病小鼠视网膜神经节细胞、中网状层和外网状层NLRP3和VEGF的表达;免疫印迹结果显示,人参皂苷Rg₁明显降低2型糖尿病小鼠视网膜p-NF-κB、NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β、TRPC6、NFAT2和VEGF的表达。这些研究结果表明,人参皂苷Rg₁处理能明显减轻2型糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变,其机制可能与抑制视网膜NLRP3炎症小体和VEGF表达有关。该研究为临床应用人参皂苷Rg₁治疗糖尿病视网膜病变提供实验依据。     

桂枝茯苓胶囊联合戈舍瑞林对子宫内膜异位症患者子宫动脉血流动力学及Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨桂枝茯苓胶囊联合戈舍瑞林对子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者子宫动脉血流动力学及辅助性T细胞1/辅助性T细胞2(Th₁/Th₂)细胞因子的影响。方法:选择192例EMSs患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各96例。对照组皮下注射戈舍瑞林治疗,观察组采用戈舍瑞林与桂枝茯苓胶囊联合治疗,均治疗3个月,并随访6个月。比较两组治疗后的治疗总有效率,治疗前和治疗后的中医证候积分、搏动指数(PI)、收缩期最大流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)、血清白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-4(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)和血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)及雌二醇(E₂)水平,统计随访期间的复发率、受孕率以及治疗期间的不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组的治疗总有效率93.75%明显高于对照组的81.25%(P<0.05); 同时,观察组腰部酸胀、经期腹痛、月经异常和神疲乏力的中医证候积分均比对照组低(P<0.05); 且观察组PI、RI、E₂、IL-4水平均低于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组PSV、EDV和血清IL-2和INF-γ水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。随访期间,观察组患者的复发率低于对照组(P<0.05),受孕率高于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗期间,两组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:将桂枝茯苓胶囊与戈舍瑞林联合应用于EMSs的治疗中,可有效减轻中医证候,降低血清Th₁/Th₂细胞因子水平,改善雌激素紊乱和子宫动脉血流动力学,减少术后复发并提高受孕率,具有较好的临床疗效。     

Propolis: Effect of different concentrations, extracts and intake period on seric biochemical variables

Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees that possesses many biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory, among others. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biochemical profile of propolis-treated rats to observe whether propolis might lead to side effects after administration. Three different treatments were analyzed: (1) rats were treated with different concentrations of propolis (1, 3 and 6 mg/kg/day) during 30 days; (2) rats were treated with 1 mg/kg/day of ethanolic or water extracts of propolis (EEP, WEP) during 30 days; (3) rats were treated with 1 mg/kg/day of ethanolic extract of propolis during 90 and 150 days. Our results demonstrated no alterations in the seric levels of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides and in the specific activity of aminotransferases (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) of propolis-treated groups when compared to controls. On the basis of our findings, since propolis does not induce any significant change in seric parameters, it is claimed that long-term administration of propolis might not have any cardiac injury.     

保产无忧散对孕晚期大鼠Cx-43基因表达及宫颈成熟相关指标的影响

目的:探讨保产无忧散对孕晚期大鼠Cx-43基因表达及宫颈成熟相关指标的影响。方法:取受孕成功的孕鼠30只,采用随机法将孕鼠分成模型对照组(孕鼠)、保产无忧散低剂量给药组(低剂量给药组)、保产无忧散高剂量给药组(高剂量给药组)三组,每组10只,另取11只未孕鼠作为正常对照组。保产无忧散煎煮滤过后浓缩为含生药1.17 g/ml和含生药0.585 g/ml。模型对照组、正常对照组均予以蒸馏水灌胃,保产无忧散低剂量给药组(0.585 g/ml)、高剂量给药组(1.17 g/ml)孕鼠于妊娠第16天开始给药,1次/d,均按1 ml/100 g体重灌胃给药。所有动物连续灌胃5 d。采用酶联免疫吸附剂法(ELISA)测定大鼠子宫体Cx-43含量及子宫前列腺素E₂(PEG₂)、宫颈白介素-8(IL-8)以及宫颈基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1),采用免疫组化法检测子宫体Cx-43阳性表达强度。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型对照组、低剂量给药组、高剂量给药组子宫Cx-43表达及子宫平滑肌中Cx-43阳性表达强度均显著升高(t=-8.593,-3.642; 均P<0.01),与模型对照组比较,低剂量给药组Cx-43表达及子宫平滑肌中Cx-43阳性表达强度升高(t=-2.883,-1.950,P=0.005,0.033),高剂量给药组表达下降,差异无统计学意义(t=1.147、-0.653,P=0.133、0.261)。与正常对照组比较,模型对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组子宫组织中PEG₂、IL-8、MMP-9水平均显著升高(PEG₂:t=-3.423、-6.004、-5.079,P=0.001、<0.001、<0.001; IL-8:t=-6.097、-7.995、-5.430,均P<0.001; MMP-9:t=-3.619、-6.172、-4.529,均P<0.001; TIMP-1:t=-2.522、-10.938、-10.938,P=0.011、<0.001、<0.001),与模型对照组比较,低剂量给药组子宫组织中PEG₂、IL-8、MMP-9、T1MP-1水平均升高(t=-2.157,-3.163,-2.671,-6.912; P=0.022,0.003,0.008,<0.001),高剂量给药组子宫组织中PEG₂、IL-8、MMP-9、TIMP-1水平均升高,但差异无统计学意义(t=-1.304、-0.567、-1.189、-1.610,P=0.104、0.289、0.125、0.062)。结论:低剂量保产无忧散通过提高孕晚期大鼠子宫组织中Cx-43表达及PEG₂、MMP-9和IL-8含量,参与并介导宫颈成熟。     

Inhibitory effect of eupatilin and jaceosidin isolated from Artemisia princeps on carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Artemisia princeps Pampanini (family Asteraceae) is an herbal medicine widely used as a hepatoprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agent in Korea, China, and Japan.

Aim of the study

This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of the main constituents, eupatilin and jaceosidin, isolated from Artemisia princeps.

Materials and methods

We used carrageenan-induced inflammation in an air pouch on the back of mice and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of eupatilin and jaceosidin. Inflammatory makers, such as expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblot analyses.

Results

Eupatilin and jaceosidin blocked carrageenan-induced increase in leukocyte number and protein levels in air pouch exudates. Eupatilin and jaceosidin inhibited COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation, and markedly reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) levels. They also inhibited hind paw edema induced by carrageenan. Eupatilin and jaceosidin had similar activity.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that eupatilin and jaceosidin may reduce inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation, and that Artemisia princeps inhibits inflammation because of these constituents.     

四氯化碳诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤药理作用研究

目的探讨白藜芦醇对四氯化碳(CCl₄)引起的小鼠急性肝损伤的药理作用。方法购买SPF级健康昆明种雄性小鼠50只,体质量18~22 g,随机分为5组,通过腹腔注射CCl₄致使小鼠肝急性炎症损伤,不同剂量的白藜芦醇给予治疗,2周后,收集小鼠静脉血检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)及门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的表达量;适量肝组织匀浆后,ELISA试剂盒检测各组小鼠肝内炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6和IL-1β的表达差异。肝匀浆后对丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行检测,观察白藜芦醇对急性肝损伤的保护作用。结果 CCl₄能够成功诱导小鼠急性肝损伤,白藜芦醇降低肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、TBIL和AST活性,降低肝内MDA含量,提高肝内SOD、CAT活性,逆转血清中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达,各项指标呈剂量依赖性地受到改变。结论白藜芦醇对CCl₄诱导的肝损伤小鼠具有抗炎和抗氧化作用,降低MDA的活性,提高了SOD、CAT活性,同时抑制促炎因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。     

艾迪注射液辅助化疗治疗妇科恶性肿瘤临床研究

目的:观察艾迪注射液辅助化疗治疗妇科恶性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法:将108例妇科恶性肿瘤患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各54例。对照组采用常规化疗治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予艾迪注射液疗治疗。比较2组治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD3⁺、CD8⁺、自然杀伤(NK)细胞水平,检测干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、人附睾蛋白4(HE4)、泌乳素(PRL)、血清恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)的变化情况。结果:治疗前,2组CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD3⁺、CD8⁺、NK细胞比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD3⁺较治疗前降低,CD8⁺、NK细胞较治疗前升高;但观察组CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD3⁺高于对照组,CD8⁺、NK细胞低于对照组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组血清IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IL-6、HE4、PRL、TSGF水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组IFN-γ、IL-2水平较治疗前升高,IL-4、IL-10、IL-6、HE4、PRL、TSGF水平较治疗前降低;且观察组IFN-γ、IL-2水平高于对照组,IL-4、IL-10、IL-6、HE4、PRL、TSGF水平低于对照组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:艾迪注射液辅助化疗治疗妇科恶性肿瘤患者临床疗效显著,能有效改善细胞免疫功能,减轻细胞炎性因子水平。     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Tanacetum parthenium L. extract in mice and rats

Oral administration of the feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) extract led to significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects against acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, respectively. These responses were dose-dependent (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, p.o.). Parthenolide (1, 2 mg/kg i.p.), the active constituent of the extract also produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Naloxone (1 mg/kg i.p.), an opiate antagonist, failed to reverse feverfew extract and parthenolide-induced antinociception. Feverfew extract in higher doses (40, 60 mg/kg p.o.) neither altered the locomotor activity nor potentiated the pentobarbitone-induced sleep time in mice. It also did not change the rectal temperature in rats. Feverfew extract exerted antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects without altering the normal behaviour of the animals.     

电针扬刺对大鼠创面修复及血清炎性因子表达的影响

目的:探究针灸扬刺修复大鼠皮肤缺损创面作用及对其相关炎性因子的影响。方法:将20只SD健康大鼠按随机数字表法随机均分模型组和电针组,模型组制备全层皮肤缺损模型后每天仅给予碘伏消毒包扎。电针组则在制备模型后当日即开始电针扬刺治疗,其后每日1次,共14次。术后每天对2组大鼠进行一般行为观察,术后3、7、14 d对2组大鼠创面面积愈合情况进行观察记录,术后3 d、7 d ELISA检测2组大鼠血清炎性因子TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子-α)、IL-1β(白细胞介素-1β)、IL-6(白细胞介素-6)水平。结果:①一般行为:在精神状况、反应能力、摄食量等方面,术后第2天模型组和电针组均恢复至术前水平。②创面面积愈合率:3 d后2组大鼠创面均有不同程度愈合,然差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。7 d和14 d后电针组的创面愈合率比模型组高,并随治疗时间延长而创面愈合率相应提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③血清炎性因子表达:3、7 d后电针组血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量均少于模型组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:扬刺能够有效降低全层皮肤缺损大鼠血清促炎因子的表达水平,具有一定抗炎作用,并可加速创面修复。     

益血生髓颗粒对苯试剂诱导的再生障碍性贫血小鼠造血功能及T细胞亚群的影响

目的:研究益血生髓颗粒对苯试剂诱导的再生障碍性贫血(AA)模型小鼠造血及免疫功能的影响。方法:72只SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、AA模型组、益血生髓颗粒低剂量组(低剂量组)、益血生髓颗粒高剂量组(高剂量组)和司坦唑醇阳性药组(阳性对照组),除正常对照组其他各组小鼠注射苯和玉米油混合液2 ml/kg,每周4次,建立AA模型,正常组注射同体积玉米油,7周后,低剂量组用药1.2 g/(kg·d),高剂量组用药4.8 g/(kg·d),阳性对照药组予司坦唑醇2 mg/(kg·d),连续给药15 d后,检测血细胞(WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT)、骨髓有核细胞数(BMNC)、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3⁺CD4⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺、Th₁、Th₂)、血清白介素2(IL-2)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)和HE染色骨髓病理学的变化情况。结果:与AA模型组比较,低、高剂量组和阳性对照组小鼠外周血四种血细胞数量、血清M-CSF、CD3⁺CD4⁺T和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值升高(P<0.05),CD3⁺CD8⁺T、IL-2水平和Th₂细胞百分数降低(P<0.05),骨髓病理学显示骨髓组织增生较模型组活跃,造血细胞增多,非造血细胞减少。结论:益血生髓颗粒可通过对AA小鼠T细胞亚群的免疫调节和促进造血细胞增殖达到一定恢复造血功能的作用。     

Biological activities of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf extracts and isolation of the active compounds

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a common epiphytic lichen in the conifer-hardwood forest of Anatolia. This species is used in traditional medicine in Turkey as a treatment for wounds, eczema and hemorrhoids.

Aim of the study

The present study was designed to investigate the active compounds from Pseudevernia. furfuracea, and the isolation studies yielded atraric acid ( Aslan et al., 2006) as the major compound and a mixture of methyl hematommate ( Baumann, 1960) and methyl chlorohematommate ( Bay?r et al., 2006). Furthermore, methanolic extract from thalli of Pseudevernia. furfuracea and its fractions and isolates ( 1, 2 and 3) were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and in vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities.

Material and methods

Antimicrobial activities of the samples were determined by using the disc diffusion technique. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used as a rapid TLC screening method to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Pseudevernia. furfuracea. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test was used to assess the efficacy of the extracts in protecting liposomes from lipid peroxidation. In vivo inhibitory effect of the extracts on the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice was studied for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. p-Benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test was used to explore the antinociceptive effects of the extracts. Moreover, the wound healing potential of the plant extracts that were evaluated by using in vivo incision and excision wound models on rats and mice, were comparatively assessed with a reference ointment Madecassol^®.

Results

Significant antimicrobial activities were observed against Gram (+) microorganisms and Candida krusei and Candida. dubliniensis in dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts and isolates. The methanol (MeOH), DCM and EtOAc extracts of the lichen were found to possess moderate inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation. Methanolic extract of the lichen was found to possess significant inhibitory activity on the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice whereas the other fractions did not show any activity. While DCM and EtOAc extracts and fractions showed notable anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model without inducing any apparent acute toxicity or gastric damage. Moreover, topical application of the ointment prepared with MeOH extract and EtOAc fraction onto the incised wounds exerted remarkable wound healing activity.

Conclusion

The results of these experimental studies exhibited that nonpolar fractions of Pseudevernia. furfuracea have significant antimicrobial activity against especially Candida species and polar fractions (especially MeOH) display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and wound healing activities.