金橘黄酮对小鼠抗氧化作用的研究

目的探讨金橘黄酮的抗氧化效果。方法以小鼠为实验对象,研究不同产地与不同剂量金橘黄酮对小鼠血清SOD、GSH-Px活性、MDA含量和小鼠平均寿命的影响。结果与对照组相比,金橘黄酮80 mg/kg.bw剂量时,两地产的金橘黄酮对小鼠血清SOD活性、MDA含量和小鼠平均寿命的影响具有显著性（P〈0.05）,浏阳组可显著提高小鼠血清GSH-Px活性（P〈0.05）,遂川组可极显著提高小鼠血清GSH-Px活性（P〈0.01）;金橘黄酮160 mg/kg.bw剂量对全部试验参数的影响具有极显著性（P〈0.01）。结论金橘黄酮有明显抗氧化作用。     

委陵菜黄酮对正常小鼠及四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠血糖与血脂的影响

目的 研究委陵菜黄酮对正常小鼠及四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠血糖、血脂的影响.方法 以四氧嘧啶制备糖尿病小鼠模型,糖尿病小鼠分别给予反式和顺式委陵菜黄酮,按照不同剂量连续给药15 d,采血测量空腹血糖,测定血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平;并观察各组小鼠胰腺组织病理学的改变.结果 委陵菜黄酮可显著降低实验性糖尿病小鼠的血糖、TG和TC水平,且胰腺组织病理学较模型组均有不同程度的改善.结论 委陵菜黄酮对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠具有降血糖和降血脂的作用,但对正常小鼠的血糖、血脂没有影响.     

杜仲黄酮对糖尿病肾病小鼠Nrf2/HO-1氧化应激信号通路的影响

目的探讨杜仲黄酮对糖尿病肾病(DN)小鼠肾脏氧化应激及其Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的影响。方法 昆明种小鼠经静脉注射链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病肾病模型,成功诱导的DN小鼠随机分组为模型对照组、缬沙坦对照组、杜仲黄酮低、高剂量组[80、160 mg/(kg·d)],并以健康昆明小鼠为正常对照。各组小鼠灌胃给药连续60 d,末次给药后收集小鼠血清和肾组织标本用于检测空腹血糖、肾功能指标、氧化应激相关指标和核转录因子E_2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)信号通路蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,杜仲黄酮给药组空腹血糖有不同程度下降,肾功能指标也明显改善。此外,杜仲黄酮组肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性升高,而丙二醛下降,Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达升高(P0.05)。结论杜仲黄酮对糖尿病肾病小鼠具有降低空腹血糖和改善肾功能作用,其作用机制可能与其能通过调节Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,进而改善肾脏组织氧化应激状态有关。     

小檗碱降血糖作用的实验研究

目的：观察小檗碱（降糖Ⅰ号）对正常大鼠、外源性葡萄糖引起的高血糖小鼠及四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用；方法：正常大鼠灌胃给予降糖Ⅰ号25mg·kg和50mg·kg，连续给药6天。小鼠灌胃给予葡萄糖溶液及大鼠尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶溶液制备糖尿病模型，用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖含量。小鼠及大鼠灌胃给药，观察其疗效。结果：正常大鼠灌胃给药，高剂量组于给药后第4天呈现显著的降血糖作用，其作用不如优降糖稳定；一次灌胃给予降糖Ⅰ号50mg·kg和100mg·kg，高剂量组对葡萄糖性小鼠高血糖，均有明显的降血糖作用；按25mg·kg和50mg·kg剂量连续15天灌胃给予四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大鼠，高剂量组于给药后第6天、低剂量组第9天及降糖灵组第12天，均呈现明显的降糖作用；结论：降糖1号具有明显的降血糖作用。     

茅苍术多糖防治小鼠高血糖的实验研究

目的研究茅苍术多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠防治作用.方法采用四氧嘧啶诱导高血糖小鼠模型,分别以40、80、160mg/(kg?d)茅苍术多糖灌胃给药.正常小鼠给药7天,测定血糖值;预防性给药,测定造模后3天的血糖水平;糖尿病模型小鼠给药7天,观察血糖的变化,继续给药2天,测定胰岛素水平.结果茅苍术多糖对正常小鼠血糖有短暂降低作用;对小鼠高血糖有良好的预防、治疗作用,三种剂量均可显著降低模型血糖值和提高模型小鼠胰岛素水平.结论茅苍术多糖能有效防治四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠的高血糖.     

葛根素对妊娠期糖尿病大鼠心脏损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的:研究葛根素(Puerarin)对妊娠期糖尿病大鼠心脏损伤的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法:制备妊娠5天的孕鼠,通过高脂饮食加腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法诱导制备妊娠5天的糖尿病大鼠模型,选取80只随机分为妊娠期糖尿病模型组、葛根素(40、80和160 mg/kg)治疗组和盐酸二甲双胍200mg/kg治疗组,另取16只同期妊娠5天的正常大鼠作为正常妊娠对照组,每天灌胃给药1次,疗程为2周。分别于给药前和给药后第7、14天测定各组大鼠空腹血糖水平和胰岛素水平;治疗2周后,分别测定各组大鼠体重和心脏指数,检测各组大鼠血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,检测心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,并通过HE染色观察各组大鼠心肌组织病理形态学变化。结果:与正常妊娠对照组相比,妊娠期糖尿病模型组大鼠胰岛素分泌水平显著降低、空腹血糖水平显著升高,体重和心脏指数均显著升高,血清中AST、CPK、LDH活性显著升高,心肌组织中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性显著降低且MDA含量显著升高,心肌组织出现明显的病理形态学改变。与妊娠期糖尿病模型对照组相比,葛根素80、160 mg/kg治疗组大鼠胰岛素分泌水平显著升高,其中160 mg/kg治疗组空腹血糖水平显著降低;葛根素160 mg/kg治疗组大鼠体重和心脏指数均显著降低;葛根素80、160 mg/kg治疗组大鼠血清中AST、CPK、LDH活性显著降低,心肌组织中SOD、CAT活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低,其中160 mg/kg治疗组心肌组织中GSH-Px活性显著升高;心肌组织病理形态学改变明显改善,其中以葛根素160 mg/kg治疗组效果最为显著。结论:葛根素对妊娠期糖尿病大鼠心脏损伤具有剂量依赖性的保护作用,其作用机制可能与葛根素能够有效提高妊娠期糖尿病大鼠胰岛素分泌、降低血糖水平,改善心肌组织中抗氧化酶活性、抑制氧化应激损伤有关。     

麦冬多糖对糖尿病小鼠的作用研究

目的：研究麦冬多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖及免疫器官的影响。方法：腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分别用生理盐水、二甲双胍和两种不同剂量的麦冬多糖灌胃,给药测定小鼠;分别于给药7、14、21、28d后测定空腹血糖值及胸腺、脾脏指数。结果：麦冬多糖（200、400mg/kg）能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平（P<0.01）及胸腺、脾脏指数。结论：麦冬多糖对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠有降血糖作用并能保护糖尿病小鼠的免疫器官。     

蚕茧降血糖作用的实验研究

蚕茧以3.75/kg、18.75kg给小鼠灌胃给药。连续14天,结果表明高剂量蚕茧能显著降低四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,显著对抗肾上腺素或葡萄糖引起的小鼠血糖升高;低剂量蚕茧也能降低上述小鼠的血糖水平,但作用不显著;低、高剂量蚕茧对正常小鼠的血糖无明显影响;提示蚕茧具有降血糖作用。     

黑木耳多糖降血糖作用的研究

目的：研究黑木耳多糖对正常小鼠及四氧嘧啶小鼠的降血糖作用。方法：黑木耳多糖灌胃30天，观察其对正常小鼠血糖的影响、对四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠血糖的影响、对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。结果：黑木耳多糖对正常小鼠血糖有降低作用；四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠血糖无明显升高；糖尿病小鼠血糖显著降低。结论：黑木耳多糖具有显著的降血糖作用。     

灵芝孢子多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响及其抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的：研究灵芝孢子多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响及其抗肿瘤活性．方法：通过对EC荷瘤小鼠的血清半数溶血值和网状内皮系统（RES）吞噬功能的检测考察灵芝孢子多糖对荷瘤小鼠的体液免疫及细胞免疫功能的影响：通过WBC、骨髓有核细胞数等指标观察灵芝孢子多糖（160，80，40mg／kg）灌胃（ig）给药对S180荷瘤小鼠放、化疗的减毒作用；通过抑瘤率的检测观察灵芝孢子多糖（160，80，40mg／kg）灌胃（ig）给药对S180，H22，EC等移植性肿瘤的生长抑制作用。结果：与正常对照组相比，灵芝孢子多糖（160、80mg／kg）可显著提高由荷瘤引起的小鼠血清半数溶血值的降低（p〈0．01，p〈0．05），表明其可明显提高荷瘤小鼠的体液免疫功能；且灵芝孢子多糖（160，80mg／kg）可显著提高EC荷瘤小鼠的免疫吞噬系数α、吞噬指数K和脾脏指数，表明其亦可提高荷瘤小鼠的细胞免疫功能；与S180空白对照组相比，灵芝孢子多糖（160，80mg／kg）ig组可显著抑制由放、化疗引起的S180荷瘤小鼠WBC、骨髓有核细胞数等指标的下降（p〈0．05）：与空白对照组相比，灵芝孢子多糖（160，80mg／kg）ig组可显著抑制小鼠S180 H22，EC移植性肿瘤的生长（p〈0．01）。     

Acute effect of Bauhinia forficata on serum glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Experimental diabetes was used to study the acute effect of the n-butanol fraction of Bauhinia forficata Link (Leguminosae) (BF) leaves on the serum glucose levels of rats. Body weight was measured on the day of diabetes induction and on the day of the experiment. Levels of glucose were determined at different doses and times following treatment with BF or with vehicle in normal, diabetic and hyperglycemic normal rats. Oral administration of n-BuOH fraction led to a significant blood glucose-lowering effect in normal and diabetic rats. However, in glucose-fed hyperglycemic normal rats, the maximum dose of this fraction failed to decrease blood glucose levels. The hypoglycemic effect was observed at doses of 500 and 600 mg/kg after 1 and 2 h treatment respectively, in normal rats. The maximum effect of BF was detected at 1 h with 800 mg/kg in diabetic animals and this profile was maintained for the next 3 h. Treatment of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats with BF decreased glucose levels, while this fraction was devoid of hypoglycemic effect in glucose-fed hyperglycemic normal rats.     

羊栖菜提取物的降血糖作用研究

目的研究羊栖菜提取物对正常及四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。方法用四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠为模型,以血糖、糖耐量为指标研究羊栖菜提取物的降血糖作用。结果羊栖菜提取物对正常小鼠无降血糖作用;预防性给予羊栖菜粗多糖(350,700 mg.kg-1)后,四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖显著降低;羊栖菜粗多糖和醇提物(700 mg.kg-1)有治疗作用,能明显降低糖尿病小鼠血糖水平;对正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠糖耐量无明显改善。结论羊栖菜提取物对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠具有防治作用。     

健脾法对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖昼夜节律的影响

目的探讨健脾法对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖及其昼夜节律的影响。方法采用四氧嘧啶(ALX)200 mg/kg腹腔注射制作小鼠糖尿病模型,将糖尿病模型小鼠随机分为A、B 2组,分别给予健脾方水煎剂和等量生理盐水灌胃,并与正常动物对照,分别于给药前1 d、给药1周、给药2周测定各组昼夜6个时间点的血糖值,描绘各组昼夜血糖-时间曲线图,对各组血糖值的生物时间序列进行宏观分析并进行比较。结果正常小鼠昼夜血糖浓度的波动呈明显的峰值与谷值交替,在所检测的24 h之内,出现2次峰值(时间分别为10:00和20:00)和2次谷值(时间分别为6:00和18:00),且昼夜血糖浓度均低于10.0 mmol/L。糖尿病小鼠血糖水平的昼夜节律与正常小鼠相比,其峰值与谷值时间发生移位,出现明显的节律紊乱,其血糖浓度也有2次峰值时间(分别为10:00和14:00),2次谷值时间(分别为14:00和6:00),且其血糖浓度明显高于10.0 mmol/L,但是,糖尿病小鼠的血糖峰值浓度与谷值浓度相比无显著性差异。糖尿病小鼠经给药2周后血糖水平有一定的下降,而给予生理盐水对糖尿病小鼠各时间点血糖水平和昼夜节律均无明显影响。结论健脾法治疗糖尿病的主要机制在于调整血糖节律。     

Shilajit attenuates streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus and decrease in pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity in rats

Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, s.c. on 2 consecutive days). Hyperglycaemia and superoxide dismutase activity of pancreatic islet cells was assessed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, following STZ administration. In two other groups, shilajit (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered concurrently for 28 days. STZ induced significant hyperglycaemia by day 14, which increased progressively on days 21 and 28. STZ also induced a decrease in pancreatic islet cell superoxide dismutase, which was apparent by day 7 and increased progressively, thereafter on days 14, 21 and 28. Shilajit (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) had no discernible per se effect on blood glucose levels in normal rats but attenuated the hyperglycaemic response of STZ from day 14 onwards, though only the effect of the higher dose was statistically significant. Similarly, both the doses of shilajit reduced the STZ-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase activity from day 14 onwards, the effect of the lower dose being statistically insignificant. The findings confirm earlier observations that STZ-induced hyperglycaemia may be the consequence of a decrease in pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity, leading to accumulation of free radicals and damage of the β-cells. Shilajit attenuates both these effects of STZ possibly by its action as a free radical scavenger. The findings support the postulate that shilajit can prevent maturity onset diabetes mellitus.     

Hypoglycaemic action of the flavonoid fraction of Cuminum nigrum seeds

The seeds of Cuminum nigrum were screened phytochemically and were found to contain 8% flavonoids and 0.01% alkaloids. When studied for their effect on blood glucose levels, oral administration of the flavonoid contents of the plant caused a hypoglycaemic effect at a dose range of 0.5 to 1.5 g/kg, both in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. The hypoglycaemic effect started 2 h after drug administration, reaching a maximum within 4-8 h and the blood glucose levels returned close to normal within 24 h of drug administration. The glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), produced a hypoglycaemic effect in the normal rabbits, whereas it had no effect on the blood glucose levels of alloxan-diabetic rabbits. The alkaloids isolated from C. nigrum seeds, however, failed to exert any significant hypoglycaemic effect in either the normal or diabetic rabbits. A 7 day acute toxicity study in rabbits did not produce any apparent adverse effect at doses as high as 5 g/kg orally. These data indicate that the total flavonoid contents of C. nigrum seeds exhibited considerable hypoglycaemic activity in rabbits and may therefore be responsible for the previously reported antidiabetic activity of the seeds. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the C. nigrum flavonoids possess insulin triggering and/or insulin-like properties.     

Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare growing wild in Tafilalet region

The effect of an aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare (OV) leaves on blood glucose levels was investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. In normal rats, the blood glucose levels were slightly decreased 6 h after a single oral administration (P<0.05) as well as 15 days after once daily repeated oral administration of aqueous OV extract (P<0.05) (20 mg/kg). After a single dose or 15 daily doses, oral administration of the aqueous extract (20 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease on blood glucose levels in STZ diabetic rats (P<0.001). In STZ rats, the blood glucose levels were normalised from the fourth day after daily repeated oral administration of aqueous OV extract (20 mg/kg) (P<0.001). However, this effect was less pronounced 2 weeks after daily repeated oral administration of OV extract. In addition, no changes were observed in basal plasma insulin concentrations after treatment in either normal or STZ diabetic rats indicating that the aqueous OV extract acted without changing insulin secretion. We conclude that an aqueous extract of OV exhibits an anti-hyperglycaemic activity in STZ rats without affecting basal plasma insulin concentrations.     

Hypoglycaemic effects of myrtle oil in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits

Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) leaves as well as the volatile oil (Myrtii Oleum; MO) obtained from the leaves are used to lower the blood glucose level in type-2 diabetic patients in Turkish folk medicine. However, little attention has been paid to the therapeutic use of this plant. The present study was designed to investigate the oral hypoglycaemic activity of single and multiple doses of MO in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. MO did not show any effect in normoglycaemic rabbits either in single or multiple dose administrations, but a good hypoglycaemic activity was observed 4 h after the administration to diabetic animals at 50 mg/kg. To investigate the effect of MO on repeated administration in both normal and diabetic rabbits, it was administered in 50 and 100 mg/kg doses once a day for one week. MO significantly lowered blood glucose by 51% in alloxan-diabetic rabbits on the fourth hour and the following days at a dose of 50 mg/kg (P < 0.001). The hypoglycaemic dose (50 mg/kg) was also determined by performing the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normal rabbits. The hypoglycaemic effect of the MO was 21% higher in rabbits, which received the glucose load orally, when compared with control group. However, MO did not affect serum insulin concentrations in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits but reduced the serum triglyceride concentrations by 14% in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. The above observations show that MO exerts hypoglycaemic as well as mild hypotriglyceridemic activity in diabetic animals. The reduction in blood glucose level may be due to the reversible inhibition of alpha-glucosidases present in the brush-border of the small intestinal mucosa, higher rate of glycolysis as envisaged by the higher activity of glucokinase, as one of the key enzymes of glycolysis, and enhanced rate of glycogenesis as evidenced by the higher amount of liver glycogen present after MO administration.     

栝蒌根散对糖尿病模型大鼠血糖、血脂的影响

目的:探讨栝蒌根散对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂的影响,分析其降糖作用与剂量之间的关系。方法:SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠,给予36 mg.kg-1链脲佐菌素(STZ)ip建立2型糖尿病模型。将成模大鼠按随机表随机分为模型组、盐酸二甲双胍组、参芪降糖颗粒组和栝蒌根散低、中、高(2,4,6 g.kg-1)剂量组,每组10只,每天ig相应的药物。10只正常大鼠作为正常组,每天ig2 mL生理盐水。ig前和ig 8周后各测一次空腹血糖和体重,最后从腹主动脉采血,化验各组大鼠的甘油三脂和胆固醇。结果:栝蒌根散低、高剂量均能降低链脲佐菌素所致糖尿病大鼠血糖(P<0.01),低剂量作用最强,中剂量无效。栝蒌根散3个剂量均能降低2型糖尿病大鼠血脂(P<0.05),但不能控制大鼠体重的下降。结论:栝蒌根散能降低糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖,其作用与剂量之间不存在量效关系。其降脂作用明显,但不能改变糖尿病大鼠体重下降的趋势。     

康莱特注射液与化疗药合用对裸鼠移植人肺癌A549抑瘤作用的研究

目的比较康莱特注射液与几种化疗药合用对裸鼠移植人体肺癌A549的抑瘤增效作用.方法96只裸鼠皮下接种人体肺癌A549,7 d后成型随机盲法分为16组(n=6),按文中方案给抗肿瘤药,另设正常对照组(n=12).康莱特注射液组给药剂量分别为1.25 g/kg,2.5 g/kg,5.0 g/kg,自接种后第7天起连续给药10次,iv;顺铂(1.5/kg,3 mg/kg)和健择(30 mg/kg,60 mg/kg)在接种后10日1次腹腔给药,顺铂给药后4 h再给予健择;泰素帝(25 mg/kg)在接种后7日1次腹腔给药.接种后19日脱颈处死动物,称体重,解剖取瘤块,称瘤重,计算抑瘤率.结果康莱特注射液1.25、2.5、5.0g/kg 3个剂量分别合并顺铂(3 mg/kg)和健择(60mg/kg)对人体肺癌A549的生长有很强的抑制作用,抑瘤率高于康莱特注射液、顺铂和健择单独给药;康莱特注射液3个剂量分别合并顺铂(1.5 mg/kg)和健择(30 mg/kg)对人体肺癌A549的生长也有很强的抑制作用,抑瘤率不仅高于康莱特注射液、顺铂和健择单独给药,且有一定的协同作用;康莱特注射液3个剂量分别合并泰素帝(25 mg/kg)对人体肺癌A549的生长有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤率高于康莱特注射液、泰素帝单独给药.结论康莱特注射液与顺铂和健择或泰素帝联合用药可明显缩小肿瘤体积,有抑瘤增效的协同作用.     

Effect of Bauhinia forficata aqueous extract on the maternal-fetal outcome and oxidative stress biomarkers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bauhinia forficata Link, commonly known as "paw-of-cow", is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THIS STUDY: To evaluate the effect of Bauhinia forficata treatment on maternal-fetal outcome and antioxidant systems of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Virgin female Wistar rats were injected with 40 mg/kg streptozotocin before mating. Oral administration of an aqueous extract of Bauhinia forficata leaves was given to non-diabetic and diabetic pregnant rats at increasing doses: 500 mg/kg from 0 to 4th day of pregnancy, 600 mg/kg from 5th to 14th day and 1000 mg/kg from 15th to 20th day. At day 21 of pregnancy the rats were anaesthetized with ether and a maternal blood sample was collected for the determination superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The gravid uterus was weighed with its contents and fetuses were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The data showed that the diabetic dams presented an increased glycemic level, resorption, placental weight, placental index, and fetal anomalies, and reduced GSH and SOD determinations, live fetuses, maternal weight gain, gravid uterine weight, and fetal weight. It was also verified that Bauhinia forficata treatment had no hypoglycemic effect, did not improve maternal outcomes in diabetic rats, but it contributed to maintain GSH concentration similarly to non-diabetic groups, suggesting relation with the decreased incidence of visceral anomalies.