固本益肾胶囊对肾缺血再灌注模型大鼠的保护作用

目的 研究固本益肾胶囊(人参、三七、紫河车、水蛭、车前子等)对肾缺血再灌注模型大鼠的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 50只大鼠随机分成5组(每组10只)采用夹闭左右肾动静脉1h,再灌注24h的方法复制肾缺血再灌注模型.术后24h股动脉取血,检测各组大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量及肾组织病理学改变.结果 固本益肾胶囊能显著升高由缺血再灌注引起的大鼠血清SOD水平下降,减少MDA、Scr、BUN的生成,肾组织病理改变减轻.结论 固本益肾胶囊对肾脏缺血再灌注具有保护作用,这种保护作用可能与其抗自由基损伤、减轻脂质过氧化反应、减少Scr和BUN水平有关.     

冬虫夏草对肾缺血-再灌注大鼠血清及肺泡灌洗液HGMB1、TNF-α和IL-6的影响

目的观察冬虫夏草对肾缺血再灌注损伤(I/R)大鼠血清及肺泡灌洗液肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、高分子迁移率蛋白1(HGMB1)的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组)、缺血-再灌注组(I/R组)、冬虫夏草低剂量组(CS1组)和冬虫夏草高剂量组(CS2组)4组。采用摘除右肾夹闭左肾蔕60min的方法建立I/R大鼠模型。结果 I/R可诱发大鼠出现肾小管坏死改变、肺水肿及肺间质炎症细胞浸润,血清BUN和Scr、肺湿/干重比值、肾和肺病理半定量评分、血清和肺泡灌洗液TNF-α、IL-1β和HGMB1水平均升高,与sham组大鼠相同时间点相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);而经不同剂量CS处理后,肾小管坏死、肺水肿及肺间质炎症细胞浸润改善,血清BUN和Scr、肺湿/干重比值、肾和肺病理半定量评分、血清和肺泡灌洗液TNF-α、IL-1β和HGMB1水平均降低,与I/L组大鼠相同时间点相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01),尤以高剂量降低更明显。结论肾I/R再灌注损伤后启动早期和晚期炎症反应,诱发了急性肾损伤和急性肺损伤;而冬虫夏草通过抑制I/L诱导的肺肾早期和晚期炎症,发挥肾和肺的保护作用,且具有剂量依赖性。     

黄芪注射液对梗阻性黄疸大鼠缺血再灌注损伤肾组织HIF-1α表达的影响

目的:探讨黄芪注射液对梗阻性黄疸大鼠缺血再灌注损伤肾组织缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响。方法:60只SD大鼠,随机分成梗阻性黄疸组(S组)、梗阻性黄疸肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、梗阻性黄疸肾缺血再灌注黄芪注射液处理组(H组),每组20只。根据缺血后再灌注时间点各组又分为再灌注0 h(T0)、再灌注1 h(T1)、3 h(T2)、6 h(T3)4个亚组,每组5只;检测再灌注后各时段各组大鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)含量和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量并进行比较分析;免疫组化检测大鼠肾组织HIF-1α表达。结果:自T1开始,I/R组和H组血清BUN、Cr水平及TNF-α含量均高于S组(P0.05),自T1开始,H组血清Cr、BUN、TNF-α水平均低于I/R组;T2时间点:相比于I/R组,H组HIF-1α表达明显增加。结论:黄芪注射液可以上调肾组织HIF-1α表达,减轻梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能与抑制炎症反应、改善肾脏组织的缺血缺氧状态有关。     

血必净预处理对大鼠肠缺血-再灌注肾损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨血必净预处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注肾损伤的保护作用。方法:选用健康SD大鼠30只,随机分成假手术组、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、血必净预处理组,每组10只。夹闭大鼠肠系膜上动脉45min造成缺血,再灌注2 h后取出肾组织制成匀浆。测定肾组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase的活性,测定肾功能。结果:与I/R组比较,血必净预处理组血清中BUN,Cr含量明显降低(P 0.05,P 0.01);肾组织中TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显降低(P 0.05,P 0.01),Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性明显升高(P 0.01)。结论:血必净可以减少大鼠脂质过氧化,改善肾功能,对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

冬虫夏草对肾缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠血清和肺泡TNF-α、IL-1β以及肾和肺组织水通道蛋白1表达的影响

目的观察冬虫夏草对肾缺血再灌注损伤(I/R)大鼠血清和肺泡TNF-α和IL-1β、肾和肺组织水通道蛋白1(AQP-1)表达的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、缺血-再灌注组(I/R组)和低剂量冬虫夏草(CS1)组和高剂量冬虫夏草(CS2)组4组,每组15只。采用摘除右肾夹闭左肾蒂60 min的方法建立I/R大鼠模型,Sham组和I/R组大鼠再灌注后灌服生理盐水(2 m L/d);CS1和CS2组再灌注后分别灌服冬虫夏草提取液(5 g/kg·d)和(10 g/kg·d),HE染色观察各组大鼠肾脏和肺脏病理,酶联免疫吸附法检测血清血清和肺泡TNF-α和IL-1β水平,免疫组织化学法和免疫印迹法检测肾和肺组织AQP-1表达。结果 Sham组肾小球、肾小管以及肺组织结构基本正常,而I/R组大鼠可见肾小管坏死、肺间质炎症和肺水肿等改变。与Sham组再灌注后24、48、72 h各相同时间点相比较,I/R组肾和肺组织半定量评分、血清TNF-α和IL-1β水平增高,肾和肺组织AQP-1表达均下调(P0.01);与I/R组再灌注后24、48、72 h各相同时间点比较,CS1和CS2组大鼠肾小管和肺组织病理改善,肾和肺组织半定量评分、血清TNF-α和IL-1β水平降低,肾和肺组织AQP-1蛋白的表达均上调(P0.05,P0.01)。结论肾I/R可诱发急性肺损伤,其机制可能与炎症及肾和肺组织AQP-1蛋白下调有关;冬虫夏草对肾I/R导致的肾和肺发挥保护作用,其机制可能与抗炎及上调肾和肺组织AQP-1蛋白有关。     

川芎嗪对肾脏缺血/再灌注大鼠GRP78和Caspase-12表达的影响

目的观察川芎嗪(TMP)对肾缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠肾脏GRP78、Caspase-12表达的影响及其意义。方法将Wistar大鼠30只随机分为假手术组(对照组)、I/R组和I/R+TMP组。采用夹闭双侧肾蒂45min再灌注24h制备肾I/R模型。I/R+TMP组在手术前1h按20mg/kg腹腔注射TMP,余操作同I/R组。检测血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr);光镜观察肾小管组织结构变化;RT-PCR和免疫组化检测GRP78、Caspase-12 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与假手术组比较,I/R组大鼠血清BUN,Cr水平显著升高,肾组织损伤严重,GRP78和Caspase-12 mRNA和蛋白表达呈显著性增加(P<0.01);与I/R组比较,I/R+TMP组血清BUN、Cr水平及GRP78、Caspase-12表达均有显著性下降(P<0.01),肾脏损伤明显减轻。结论川芎嗪对肾脏缺血/再灌注大鼠GRP78、Caspase-12过度表达有很好的抑制作用,这可能是它减轻肾脏缺血/再灌注损伤的重要机制之一。     

川芎嗪注射液对梗阻性黄疸肾缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾功能及血清TNF-α的影响

目的:探讨川芎嗪注射液对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤肾功能及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法:60只SD大鼠,随机分成梗阻性黄疸组(S组)、梗阻性黄疸肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、川芎嗪注射液处理组(T组),每组20只。各组根据缺血再灌注后0、1、3、6 h又分为T0、T1、T2、T3 4个亚组,每个亚组5只。检测再灌注后各时段各组大鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)含量和TNF-α的含量。结果:肾缺血再灌注模型组大鼠自T1开始,血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)含量和TNF-α的含量明显高于S组(P0.05);川芎嗪组大鼠各时间段血清Cr、BUN、TNF-α水平均低于肾缺血再灌注组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:川芎嗪注射液可以下调TNF-α的表达,减轻梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤。     

眼针对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血中SOD、MDA及TNF-α含量的影响

目的:观察眼针对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量的影响,探讨眼针对脑缺血再灌注损伤治疗的作用机制。方法:应用线栓法复制脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,采用眼针治疗,于再灌注后3h、24h、72h进行神经功能缺损评分,采用化学比色法测定大鼠血清SOD、MDA含量的变化。采用ELISA方法检测血中TNF-α含量的变化。结果:与模型组比较,眼针组大鼠神经功能缺损评分明显下降,大鼠血清SOD含量增多,MDA含量减少,TNF-α含量减少(P<0.05)。结论:眼针具有明显改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用,其机制与大鼠血清SOD、MDA及TNF-α变化有关。     

黄芪皂甙Ⅳ在C57BL/6小鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的:探讨黄芪皂甙Ⅳ对C57BL/6小鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法:将24只SPF级C57BL/6小鼠随机分为四组:对照组(C组)、阴性治疗组(S组)、肾脏缺血再灌注组(I组)、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤治疗组(IA组)。肾脏缺血再灌注损伤模型采用双侧肾动脉夹闭的方法制作。四组小鼠均分离双侧肾动脉,C组:尾静脉给予生理盐水;S组:尾静脉给予黄芪皂甙Ⅳ(2mg/kg);I组:夹闭双层肾动脉,尾静脉给予生理盐水;IA组:夹闭双侧肾动脉,尾静脉给予黄芪皂甙Ⅳ(2mg/kg)。生理盐水和黄芪皂甙Ⅳ每天1次,连续给予7天。用肾功能检测、组织损伤评分、Western blot法检测PUMA的表达,ELISA法检测肾组织TNF-α、IL-6的表达。结果:与C组、S组比较,I组小鼠血清BUN、Scr、炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6及肾组织中PUMA均明显升高(P0.05);经黄芪皂甙Ⅳ预处理,与I组比较,IA组中小鼠血清中BUN、Scr、炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6及肾组织中PUMA均明显降低(P0.05)。结论:黄芪皂甙Ⅳ通过阻止PUMA上调和TNF-α、IL-6的表达来保护肾脏缺血再灌注损伤。     

川芎嗪对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的拮抗作用

目的 观察川芎嗪(TMP)对大鼠肾缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法 将Wistar大鼠30只随机分为Sham组、I/R组和L/R+ TMP组.用夹闭双侧肾蒂45 min再灌注24h方法制备肾I/R模型.L/R+ TMP组在手术前1h按20 mg/kg腹腔注射TMP液,余操作同I/R组.检测血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr);光镜和电镜观察肾小管组织结构变化,免疫组化检测GRP78、Caspase-12、Caspase-3蛋白表达.结果 与Sham组比较,I/R组大鼠血BUN,Cr水平显著增高,肾组织结构损伤严重,GRP78、Caspase-12、Caspase-3蛋白表达显著增高(P＜0.01);与I/R组比较,I/R+TMP组血BUN,Cr水平及GRP78、Caspase-12、Caspase-3蛋白表达均有显著性下降(P＜0.01),肾组织结构损伤明显较轻.结论 川芎嗪对大鼠肾I/R损伤有较好的拮抗作用,其机制可能是下调内质网应激相关蛋白表达及其活性.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。