茶饮与健康

本文通过历史回顾、现实意义和展望将来三个方面来论述茶饮与健康的密切关系。习俗上所称的山茶科山茶属的茶,在唐代被作为主要的茶饮而得到飞速发展,民间经常使用非山茶科的茶则被称为“别样茶”。研究、开发茶和别样茶,对弘扬中华文化,支援西部大开发和发展三农经济以及防治慢性疾患方面具有重要意义。本文除了对茶饮的定义和分类作了阐述外,还提出了今后的展望,并建议有关方面在做健康产业规划时,在顶层设计中应考虑将茶饮的研究和开发作为重要内容。     

茶饮与健康

本文通过历史回顾、现实意义和展望将来三个方面来论述茶饮与健康的密切关系。习俗上所称的山茶科山茶属的茶,在唐代被作为主要的茶饮而得到飞速发展,民间经常使用非山茶科的茶则被称为“别样茶”。研究、开发茶和别样茶,对弘扬中华文化,支援西部大开发和发展三农经济以及防治慢性疾患方面具有重要意义。本文除了对茶饮的定义和分类作了阐述外,还提出了今后的展望,并建议有关方面在做健康产业规划时,在顶层设计中应考虑将茶饮的研究和开发作为重要内容。     

岭南独特的茶文化-凉茶

目的:阐明岭南凉茶是中国茶文化的组成部分。方法:通过对茶、别样茶和凉茶的调查和整理,从茶、别样茶和凉茶的渊源和发展,比较其异同。结果:凉茶和茶均有预防疾病的功能,历史悠久,前者也是别样茶中的一个重要分支。结论:对茶饮(茶、别样茶和凉茶)的深入研究,将具有现实的重要意义。     

岭南独特的茶文化-凉茶

目的：阐明岭南凉茶是中国茶文化的组成部分。方法：通过对茶、别样茶和凉茶的调查和整理,从茶、别样茶和凉茶的渊源和发展,比较其异同。结果：凉茶和茶均有预防疾病的功能,历史悠久,前者也是别样茶中的一个重要分支。结论：对茶饮（茶、别样茶和凉茶）的深入研究,将具有现实的重要意义。     

中国别样茶防治癌症的可行性探讨

中国别样茶是我国古代劳动群众在长期的生产生活中的经验总结,是除茶科茶属外另一大类群的茶饮植物,在预防和治疗慢性疾病方面显示良好的疗效和可靠的安全性,本文在系统整理中国别样茶来源、传统疗效和现代研究的基础上,重点对其中15种别样茶在防治癌症方面的研究进展进行总结,表明这些别样茶多含有植物多酚类成分,在癌症的启动、促进和发展的三个阶段均有作用,为其防治癌症的主要物质基础,显示中国别样茶是预防和治疗癌症很好的研究对象.然而目前研究处于初步阶段,值得进一步深入和系统地研究.     

别样茶降血脂研究进展

别样茶（Non—CamelliaTeas）是一类具有悠久的应用历史和应用传统,不属于山茶科（Theaceae）山茶属（Camellia）,迄今在民间仍广泛作茶饮的植物。现代化学研究表明,别样茶富含黄酮类、茶多酚、氨基酸、生物碱等多种化合物;现代药理和临床研究证明别样茶具有降压、降血脂、降糖、抗氧化等作用,是预防慢性代谢性疾病的很好的研究对象。通过查阅大量文献对别样茶降血脂方面进行了整理,此文从别样茶降血脂的化学成分及降血脂作用的机理进行阐述,为别样茶降血脂方面的深入研究和开发提供一定的参考。     

别样茶降血脂研究进展△

别样茶(Non-Camellia Teas)是一类具有悠久的应用历史和应用传统,不属于山茶科(Theaceae)山茶属(Camellia),迄今在民间仍广泛作茶饮的植物。现代化学研究表明,别样茶富含黄酮类、茶多酚、氨基酸、生物碱等多种化合物;现代药理和临床研究证明别样茶具有降压、降血脂、降糖、抗氧化等作用,是预防慢性代谢性疾病的很好的研究对象。通过查阅大量文献对别样茶降血脂方面进行了整理,此文从别样茶降血脂的化学成分及降血脂作用的机理进行阐述,为别样茶降血脂方面的深入研究和开发提供一定的参考。     

中国别样茶的整理研究

别样茶是我们珍贵的非物质文化遗产,是我国各族人民长期与自然和疾病斗争的经验总结,开发研究别样茶对西部民族地区和发展"三农"经济有重要价值。民间饮用经验证明,别样茶多具有清热解毒、消食化积、利咽止咳等作用,且安全无毒。现代研究表明,别样茶多含有黄酮类、多酚类、萜类、挥发油等化学成分,具有抗氧化、抗菌、降血脂、降血糖、降血压、免疫促进、抗肿瘤、保肝与抗炎等多种药理活性。别样茶是防治慢性代谢性疾病的重要研究对象。笔者对中国别样茶的种类进行了初步考证,并对其传统应用进行了考察,结合现代化学成分和药理活性的研究,为中国别样茶的进一步研究与开发奠定了基础。     

茶饮防治慢性疾患的理论依据

本文通过对国内外大量茶饮的系统整理和研究,从生物演化、传统应用以及现代研究等角度来探索茶饮（特别是别样茶）对防治慢性疾患的理论依据。氧化应激是导致人类衰老、产生慢性疾患的主要因素,而茶饮中普遍含有较高的多酚化合物则可抵抗或减轻这种氧化应激反应。这已在茶、水果或蔬菜研究中得到了验证。在实践中,某种特定茶饮往往会对某种或某几种慢性疾患产生较好的预防甚至治疗的作用,而对某些其他疾患作用不明显甚至有反作用。今后的研究应探索这方面存在的规律性。     

非洲别样茶的研究进展

非洲有许多传统草药,长久以来被当地人用来治疗疾病,其中有些草药可当作茶饮,对身体健康起了重要作用。研究表明这部分茶具有抗肿瘤、降血压、抗氧化、降血糖等多种作用,并且越来越受到国际市场的关注。综述了非洲主要别样茶的来源、分布、民间用途、主要化学成分、药理作用、目前开发状况及其在中国的应用现状,为进一步研究开发提供参考。     

别样茶降血糖的研究进展△

通过文献整理,对具有降血糖作用的别样茶的种属分布、降糖有效成分、降糖作用机理及产品开发现状等几方面进行了综述,以期为别样茶药用植物资源的开发提供参考。     

药用菊花常见病害及其发病规律与防治措施研究进展

菊花是我国传统大宗药材之一,在药品、食品等方面被广泛使用。近年来,随着市场需求逐步增加,人工集约化种植面积不断扩大,菊花病害发生日益严重,已严重威胁到菊花产业的健康可持续发展。其中,菊花枯萎病是最主要的病害,其次为菊花根腐病,叶部病害以黑斑病最为严重。根据目前药用菊花病害研究进展,对菊花栽培中其常出现的根部病害（枯萎病、根腐病、白绢病）、叶部病害（黑斑病、霜霉病、叶枯病、炭疽病、病毒病）的病原物、危害特征、发病规律及防治措施等进行综述,旨在为我国药用菊花的田间病害防控提供参考。     

Dark Tea: A popular beverage with possible medicinal application

Tea is a famous beverage that is produced from leaves of Camellia sinensis. Amongst the six major tea categories in China, dark tea is the only one that involves microbial fermentation in the manufacturing process, which contributes unique flavors and functions for the tea. In the recent decade, the reports about the biofunctions of dark teas have increased rapidly. Therefore it may be the proper time to consider dark tea as one potential homology of medicine and food. In this viewpoint, our current understanding of the chemical constituents, biological activities and possible health beneficial effects of dark teas were introduced. Some future directions and challenges to the development perspectives of dark teas were also discussed.     

Chamomile and Marigold Tea: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity

With the aim to evaluate the selectivity in the antitumor action, the cytotoxic activity of chamomile and marigold tea was tested against various malignant cell lines and against healthy immunocompetent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Chemical profiles of chamomile and marigold infusions and decoctions were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; their total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity were determined, too. Results from present research demonstrate that chamomile and marigold tea exert selective dose‐dependent cytotoxic action against target cancer cells. It is noteworthy that cytotoxicity of tea prepared from Calendula officinalis is remarkably higher in comparison to that from Matricaria recutita tea. The cytotoxic effect of chamomile tea is very weak to healthy PBMC, while the effect of marigold tea on PBMC is more pronounced. Marigold tea exerts highly selective antitumor effect especially to melanoma Fem‐x cells in comparison to the action to normal healthy PBMC. Chemical analyses show that dominant phenolic compounds in examined infusions and decoctions are flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. There are no considerable differences in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between examined infusions. Antitumor potential of chamomile and marigold tea should be further investigated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

淡竹叶茶的研究进展

淡竹叶在我国具有悠久的药用历史，近年来还被广泛的添加到各类食品中。淡竹叶的茎叶中主要含有黄酮类、挥发油类、酚酸类及少量萜类化合物，具有利尿、抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎、解热镇痛等活性，相关机制的研究也较为丰富。以淡竹叶等为原材料制成的凉茶在我国东南沿海地区已有悠久的饮用历史，在内陆省份也广受好评，具有较大的市场。对目前淡竹叶及其茶饮的相关报道进行综述，以期对后续淡竹叶茶的开发利用提供参考。     

Weight Reduction Effect of Puerh Tea in Male Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Puerh tea has been proposed to promote weight loss and favorably modify glucose, insulin and blood lipids. This study tested the effect of daily Puerh tea consumption for 3 months on weight and body mass index (BMI), and select metabolic parameters. The effect of daily Puerh tea intake on weight, BMI and changes in glucose, HbA1c and lipids was evaluated in patients with metabolic syndrome. The patients (N = 70) were randomized into two groups: those taking Puerh tea extract capsule (333 mg Puerh tea extract) three times a day and those taking a placebo tea for 3 months. There was a decrease in body weight of 1.3 kg in the Puerh tea group (p = 0.077) versus 0.23 kg in the placebo arm (p = 0.186). There was also a slight decrease in BMI 0.47 kg/m² in the Puerh tea group (p = 0.076) versus 0.09 kg/m² in the placebo arm (p = 0.185), suggesting a trend of weight change, but without statistical significance. Subgroup analysis of the male patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in body weight reduction (p = 0.004) and BMI (p = 0.004). However, the change in other metabolic parameters (cholesterol or triglyceride) or HbA1c was not statistically significant. Intake of Puerh tea for 3 months was associated with a slight reduction in body weight and BMI, especially in the male patients. Therefore, daily Puerh tea consumption may be an alternative choice to modify body weight. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vivo enhancement of natural killer cell activity through tea fortified with Ayurvedic herbs

The effect of a tea fortified with five herbs selected from Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda) for their putative immunoenhancing effect (Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhzia glabra, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum and Elettaria cardamomum) on innate immunity was investigated. Ex vivo natural killer (NK) cell activity was assessed after consumption of fortified tea compared with regular tea in two independent double‐blind intervention studies. Both studies were conducted in India with healthy volunteers (age ≥ 55 years) selected for a relatively low baseline NK cell activity and a history of recurrent coughs and colds. In a pilot study conducted with 32 volunteers, the consumption of Natural Care tea significantly improved the NK cell activity of the volunteers in comparison with a population consuming regular tea. These results were validated in an independent crossover study with 110 volunteers. Data from these two studies indicate that regular consumption of the tea fortified with Ayurvedic herbs enhanced NK cell activity, which is an important aspect of the (early) innate immune response to infections. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of green tea or green tea catechin on liver enzymes in healthy individuals and people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

The therapeutic potential of green tea as a rich source of antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory compounds has been investigated by several studies. The present study aimed to systematically review and analyze randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of green tea, catechin, and other forms of green tea supplementation on levels of liver enzymes. PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched until February 2019. All RCTs investigating the effect of green tea or its catechin on liver enzymes including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin were included. A total of 15 RCTs were included. The overall effect of green tea on liver enzymes was nonsignificant (ALT [Standardized mean difference (SMD)= ?0.17, CI ?0.42 to 0.08, p = .19], AST [SMD = ?0.07, CI ?0.43 to 0.29, p = .69], and ALP [SMD = ?0.17, CI ?0.45 to 0.1, p = .22]). However, subgroup analyses showed that green tea reduced the levels of liver enzymes in participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but in healthy subjects, a small significant increase in liver enzymes was observed. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the effect of green tea on liver enzymes is dependent on the health status of individuals. While a moderate reducing effect was observed in patients with NAFLD, in healthy subjects, a small increasing effect was found.     

Green tea extract weakens the antibacterial effect of amoxicillin in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected mice

Tea (Camellia sinensis) has been known for its modulation of resistance of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to β‐lactam antibiotics in vitro. This study aimed to confirm the in vitro effect of green tea extracts with β‐lactams and to determine whether green tea extracts can reduce the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxicillin in MRSA‐infected mice. The catechins in the test tea that account for the reduced resistance to β‐lactams were quantitatively determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The MICs of the ampicillin, cefazolin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, tea extract alone and tea extract in combination with β‐lactams were determined. Proportions of tea extracts and amoxicillin‐tea extract combinations were administered to groups of mice enterally. The in vitro experiment showed that the MICs of four β‐lactams were greatly decreased in the presence of 0.25% tea extract. However, in an in vivo experiment, amoxicillin in combination with 5% tea extract conferred a higher ED₅₀ than that of antibiotic alone. Green tea extract, alone or in combination with amoxicillin, does not have protective benefits in MRSA‐infected mice. This study concluded that tea extract weakened the antibacterial effect of amoxicillin in MRSA infected mice. Tea drinking is not recommended in combination with amoxicillin treatment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.