长茎芒毛苣苔化学成分研究

目的:研究长茎芒毛苣苔Aeschynanthus longicaullis的化学成分.方法:采用各种色谱法分离,运用多种波谱技术鉴定结构.结果:从长茎芒毛苣苔的醋酸乙酯部位分离鉴定了7个化合物:柳杉二醇(1),4(15)-eudesmene-1β,6α-diol(2),2,5-bornanediol(3),异香草酸(4),香草酸(5),豆甾-5,22(E)-二烯-3β-醇(6)和β-谷甾醇(7).结论:化合物1～5为首次从该科植物中得到,6～7为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

雷公藤根化学成分研究

目的:研究雷公藤Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.根的化学成分。方法:利用各种色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和谱学数据对分离得到的化合物进行结构研究。结果:从雷公藤根乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为5α-豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(5α-stigmast-3,6-dione,1),6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(6β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one,2),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(phthalic acid dibutyl ester,3),秦皮素(fraxetin,4),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,5),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,6)。结论:化合物1、3、4为首次从卫矛科植物中分离得到,化合物2为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

长松萝化学成分研究

目的:研究长松萝化学成分.方法:应用溶剂法和色谱法分离纯化化合物,利用谱学技术鉴定化合物结构.结果:分离鉴定了13个化合物,分别为赤星衣酸乙酯(1),木栓酮(2),β-香树脂醇(3),β-谷甾醇(4),2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯(5),坝巴酸(6),泽屋萜(7),苔色酸乙酯(8),3β-羟基-粘霉-5-烯(9),齐墩果酸(10),(+)-松萝酸(11),苔色酸甲酯(12)和4-甲基-2,6-二羟基苯甲醛(13).结论:化合物2,3,5,8～10为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1,4为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

佛甲草中甾醇类成分的研究

目的:对佛甲草Sedum,lineare Thunb.中的甾醇类化学成分进行分离纯化和结构鉴定.方法:利用普通硅胶柱色谱和制备薄层色谱技术对植物全草进行提取、分离和纯化,并经超导核磁共振(NMR)等现代波谱技术进行化合物的结构鉴定.结果:从佛甲草中分离得到6个甾醇类化合物,分别鉴定为豆甾-7-烯-3β-醇(1),豆甾-3β,5α,6β三醇(2),豆甾-5-烯-3β-醇-7-酮(3),豆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(4),豆甾-5-烯-3β,7β-二醇(5),β-谷甾醇(6).结论:化合物1～5为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

翻白草黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究翻白草Potentilla discolor黄酮类化学成分.方法:采用硅胶、反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、制备液相进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱分析鉴定化合物结构.结果:从翻白草中分离得到7个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为异鼠李素(1)、槲皮素(2)、山柰酚(3)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(4)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(5)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(6)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)[α-L-鼠李糖(1--→6)]-β-D-半乳糖苷(7).结论:化合物1,4,6,7为首次从该属植物中得到,化合物3为首次从该植物中得到.     

霸王鞭的化学成分研究

目的 对大戟科大戟属植物霸王鞭Euphorbia royleana地上部分的化学成分进行研究.方法 运用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、RP18、MCI等色谱技术进行分离纯化,采用波谱技术进行结构鉴定.结果 从霸王鞭地上部分70％丙酮提取物中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为(6S,9R)-长寿花糖苷(1)、13-carboxyblumenolC 9-O-β-glucoside (2)、3,3'-二甲基鞣花酸-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、23-环木菠萝烯-3β,25-二醇(4)、23(E)-25-methoxycycloart-23-en-3β-ol (5)、融香树脂醇(6)、triptohypol F (7)、3β-羟基-9(11),12-齐墩果二烯(8)、3β,29-木栓烷二醇(9)、D:A-飞齐墩果-29-醇-3-酮(10)、眼树莲二醇(11)、羽扇豆醇(12).结论 化合物1、2、7～11为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3～5、12为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

苗药黑骨藤石油醚部位化学成分研究

目的:研究苗药黑骨藤石油醚部位的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱以及重结晶等方法分离纯化,运用波谱分析技术并结合文献鉴定化合物结构。结果:从苗药黑骨藤石油醚部位分离鉴定得到11个化合物,分别为:丁酰鲸鱼醇(1)、tirucalla-7,23,25-trien-3β-ol(2)、24,24-dimethyl-9,19-cyclolanostan-3β-ol(3)、β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯(4)、羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(5)、环阿屯-25-烯-3β,24-二醇(6)、熊果酸(7)、常春藤皂苷元(8)、β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、油酸(11)。结论:其中,化合物1～6为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1～4为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

茶条槭叶石油醚部位化学成分研究

目的:研究苦津茶来源植物茶条槭叶石油醚部位的化学成分。方法:应用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱参数鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从茶条槭叶80%乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为蒲公英赛醇(1),豆甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),胡萝卜苷(3),L-2-O-chiro-肌醇(4),杨梅萜二醇(5),豆甾醇(6),没食子酸乙酯(7),羽扇豆醇(8),β-谷甾醇(9)。结论:化合物1、2、5、8为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1-3、5、6、8为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

伊犁贝母鳞茎中非生物碱化学成分的研究

目的研究伊犁贝母鳞茎的非生物碱类化学成分。方法对伊犁贝母鳞茎的乙醇提取物采用正、反相硅胶柱层析及Sephadex LH-20层析等方法进行分离纯化,通过理化及光谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到7个非生物碱成分,分别为蛇床子素(1)、佛手柑内酯(2)、花椒毒内酯(3)、6,9,10-三羟基-7-十八烯酸(4)、5α,6β-二羟基胡萝卜苷(5)、胡萝卜苷(6)和β-谷甾醇(7)。结论化合物1⁴为首次从贝母属植物中分离得到,化合物54为首次从贝母属植物中分离得到,化合物5⁷为首次从该植物中分离得到,这也是首次从该属植物中分离得到香豆素类成分。     

大黄药化学成分

目的:研究唇形科香薷属植物大黄药Elsholtzia penduliflora W.W.Smith化学成分.方法:采用多种色谱手段进行分离纯化,通过波谱解析进行结构鉴定.结果:从大黄药中分离得到9个化合物,分别为7-甲氧基白杨素(1)、5,7,8-三甲氧基二氢黄酮(2)、阿魏酸(3)、白桦酸(4)、木犀草素(5)、咖啡酸(6)、3β-O-乙酰熊果酸(7)、山香二烯酸(8)、蔷薇酸(9).结论:化合物2,7～9首次从香薷属中分离得到,化合物3,4首次从该植物中分离得到.     

民族药大果木姜子果实挥发油成分的变异及其规律

目的:比较不同产地大果木姜子果实挥发油的主要成分及含量,分析其挥发油的化学类型,为其药材品质评价、规范化种植提供依据。方法:利用GC-MS联用分析技术测定大果木姜子果实挥发油成分。结果:在27个居群的47份单株样品中,挥发油存在着成分变化及相对含量差异,依据这些成分的化学结构差异及各成分的有无与含量的高低,大果木姜子挥发油成分可分为4个化学型,即桉叶素型、桉叶素-环己烷型、桉叶素-香桧烯型和桉叶素-α-松油醇型。其中贵州罗甸、云南富宁的样本以桉叶油素型为主要成分,贵州贞丰、望谟地区的样本为桉叶素-环己烯型,贵州册亨、荔波地区的样本中同时存在桉叶素-α-松油醇型、桉叶素-香桧烯型。结论:结合地理分布格局,大果木姜子的挥发油成分与物种本身特性和所处不同海拔环境有一定关系。     

植物药用成分龙脑的药学活性研究

龙脑是多种药用植物精油的主要成分,为我国中医药一味常用药.该文通过收集国内外最新研究成果,归纳分析其镇痛、去腐生肌、修复细胞损伤等活性作用及反应机制,提出了龙脑药用研究中存在的问题,为深入研究和挖掘传统名贵中药的功效,有效利用开发创新药物提供支撑.     

广西阴香叶挥发油化学成分及其抗氧化性研究

目的:分析阴香叶Cinnamomum burmannii(Nees)B1.挥发油的化学成分,对挥发油的抗氧化能力进行研究。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取阴香叶挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析鉴定其化学成分;采用DPPH.法、ABTS+.法和铁氰化钾还原法对其抗氧化能力进行研究。结果:阴香叶分离出137个色谱峰,共鉴定61个化合物,占挥发油总量的93.58%;DPPH.清除率最高仅为21.19%,清除ABTS+.效率最高达58.89%,还原能力与BHT相比相差较大。结论:阴香叶主要成分为石竹烯(21.71%)、桉油精(18.22%)、愈创醇(7.52%)、(+)-α-萜品醇(7.06%)、(-)-β-蒎烯(3.57%)、γ-桉叶醇(3.33%)、异愈创木醇(3.16%)、(Z)-橙花叔醇(3.16%)、榄香醇(2.67%)、α-石竹烯(2.22%)、(1S)-α-蒎烯(1.90%)、(-)-萜品烯-4-醇(1.80%)、(+)-喇叭烯(1.35%)、石竹烯氧化物(1.29%)、γ-萜品烯(1.05%)等,阴香叶挥发油具有较好ABTS+.清除能力,但清除DPPH.能力及还原能力较弱,其抗氧化能力均与其浓度有关。     

Gastroprotective activity of Cinnamomum tamala leaves on experimental gastric ulcers in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Cinnamomum tamala T. Nees & Eberm (Family Lauraceae) is used traditionally in Indian System of Medicine as carminative, anthelmintic, diuretic, and used in colic, dyspepsia, and diarrhea.

Aim of the study

This study was aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of Cinnamomum tamala leaves.

Methods

Cinnamomum tamala leaves extract (CTE; 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from ethanol (EtOH)-, cold-restraint stress (CRS)- and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcers. Estimation of H⁺K⁺ATPase activity and gastric wall mucous were performed in EtOH-induced ulcer model, antioxidant enzyme activities was carried out in CRS-induced ulcer model, and various gastric secretion parameters like volume of gastric juice, acid output, and pH value were estimated in PL-induced ulcer model.

Results

A significant reduction in lesion index was observed in ulcer-induced animals treated with CTE at different doses when compared with ulcerated rats in all models. A significant decrease occurred in the level of H⁺K⁺ATPase, volume of gastric juice, and acid output. Simultaneously the level of gastric wall mucus and pH were increased significantly. These showed dose-dependent action of CTE. The antioxidant enzyme levels of LPO and SOD were decreased while administering CTE at different doses, compared with their control values. Contrary to this the level of CAT enzyme showed significant increase.

Conclusions

The results of our study showed that Cinnamomum tamala possess significant gastroprotective activity, probably due to its free radical scavenging activity.     

苗药大果木姜子的遗传分化及其化学变异的相关性分析

目的:基于苗药大果木姜子原植物米槁的9个居群分析其遗传结构及其与化学成分变化的相关性.方法:采用ISSR分子标记方法研究9个居群的遗传结构,运用GC-MS分析其挥发油主要成分.结果:挥发油主成分分析显示居群间具有显著水平的成分差异,各主成分的变异系数以云南富宁居群为最小,以广西乐业居群最大;ISSR分析表明,在居群水平上米槁的多态位点百分率(P)平均值为42.41%,期望杂合度(H)为0.181 0,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.2938,居群内Nei's基因多样性(Hs)为0.1889,基因分化系数(Gst)为2.2691.遗传结构与挥发油主成分的相关性分析显示,大果木姜子主成分的化学变异系数与遗传分化的4个指标相关性不显著.结论:大果木姜子原植物种群的遗传变异多存在于居群内,居群间的遗传分化较小.化学成分与遗传多样性相关性不明显,暗示其他因素可能是导致其植物居群间发生化学变异的原因.     

HPLC-DAD测定5种商品规格肉桂及两种伪品中桂皮醛的含量

目的：通过HPLC测定5种商品规格肉桂及伪品大叶钓樟和阴香中桂皮醛的含量,为肉桂药材的品质评价提供科学依据和方法。方法：采用高效液相二极管阵列检测法（HPLC-DAD）,色谱柱为Agilent C₁₈（4.6 mm× 150 mm,5 μm）,流动相乙腈-水（35：65）,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温30℃,检测波长290 nm,进样量10 μL。结果：桂皮醛进样量在0.009 801~0.980 1 μg与峰面积有良好的线性关系,相关系数（r）=0.999 8（n=6）,平均回收率为99.10%,RSD 2.20%;不同商品规格肉桂中桂皮醛含量有明显差异,企边桂的含量最高（42.11 mg·g^-1）,桂碎含量最低（27.97 mg·g^-1）;伪品阴香的桂皮醛含量与桂碎相近,而大叶钓樟中桂皮醛含量仅为13.44 mg·g^-1。结论：研究结果可为肉桂的临床用药提供科学参考。     

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation tumoral cells activities of Antrodia camphorata, Cordyceps sinensis, and Cinnamomum osmophloeum bark extracts

The extracts of chloroform (1) and methanol (2) from Antrodia camphorata (AC), and chloroform (3) and n-butanol (4) fractions of methanol extract from Cordyceps sinensis (CS), and hexane (5), ethyl acetate (6), and methanol (7) from Cinnamomum osmophloeum bark (CO) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory as well as tumor-cell growth inhibitory activities in vitro. All the tested extracts dose dependently inhibited the enhanced production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) through reducing inducible NO synthase expression, and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12 in LPS/IFN-gamma activated murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, extracts 1 from AC, and 5 and 6 from CO significantly arrest the mitogen-stimulated spleen cells in G0/G1 stage. On the other hand, all these extracts were also evaluated for their tumor-cell proliferation activities in different type of cancer cell lines such as Jurkat, HepG2, PC 3, Colon 205, and MCF 7 as well as normal PBMCs. Compared to untreated controls, the extracts 1, 2, and 4-7 were most active and inhibited Jurkat cells with IC50 value of 22, 40, 18, 4, 5, and 45 microg/ml, respectively. In addition, the extracts 5, 6, and 7 from CO showed potent growth inhibition of HepG2 and PC 3 with IC50 values of 35, 80, 55 microg/ml; and 42, 125, and 50 microg/ml, respectively. Similarly, the extracts 1 and 5 inhibited the growth of Colon 205 and MCF 7 cells with IC50 values of 65, 33; and 95 and 30 microg/ml, respectively. Interestingly, none of the tested extract has shown cytotoxicity towards normal PBMCs up to the concentration range studies (0-150 microg/ml). Taken together, these data suggest that the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of AC, CS, and CO might result from the growth inhibition of NO, TNF-alpha and IL-12, and tumor cells proliferation, respectively.     

广西芳樟醇型樟树精油指纹图谱研究

目的:利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术建立广西芳樟醇型樟树精油的指纹图谱分析测试方法,为其质量控制提供理论依据。方法:采用GC-MS法对广西道地产区的14批次广西芳樟醇型樟树精油样品进行比较分析,并进行相似度计算。结果:广西芳樟醇型樟树精油指纹图谱检测出14个共有特征峰,特征峰峰面积之和占总峰面积的95%以上,14批次样品具有较高的相似度;建立的广西芳樟醇型樟树精油GC-MS分析方法有较好的重复性、精密度和稳定性,RSD均小于3%。结论:14批次广西芳樟醇型樟树精油的指纹图谱中各成分均得到了较好分离,具有特征性和唯一性,且该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可作为广西芳樟醇型樟树精油的质量控制方法。     

Water extract of Cinnamomum cassia Blume inhibited human respiratory syncytial virus by preventing viral attachment,internalization, and syncytium formation

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Cinnamomum cassia Blume is a popular traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used to manage respiratory tract disease, including common cold and chronic bronchitis for thousand years. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the leading causes of severe lower respiratory tract illness worldwide. No effective therapeutic modality against HRSV infection has been proved. It is unknown whether Cinnamomum cassia is effective against HRSV.

Aim of the study

This study tested the hypothesis that Cinnamomum cassia can effectively decrease HRSV-induced plaque formation and syncytium formation in respiratory mucosal cell lines.

Materials and methods

Antiviral activity of the hot water extract of Cinnamomum cassia against HRSV was tested by plaque reduction assay in both human upper (HEp-2) and low (A549) respiratory tract cell lines. Its ability to inhibit the synthesis of viral fusion (F) protein was examined by Western blot assay.

Results

Cinnamomum cassia dose-dependently inhibited HRSV-induced plaque formation in both HEp-2 and A549 cell lines (p<0.0001). Cinnamomum cassia was more effective when given before viral infection (p<0.0001) mainly by inhibition of viral attachment (p<0.0001) and internalization (p<0.0001). Cinnamomum cassia could inhibit F protein production and syncytium formation to interfere with HRSV spreading.

Conclusions

Cinnamomum cassia prevented airway epithelia from HRSV infection through inhibiting viral attachment, internalization and syncytium formation. Cinnamomum cassia could be a candidate to develop therapeutic modalities to manage HRSV infection in the future.     

Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected Pakistani medicinal plants in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Due to its high global prevalence and uprising resistance to available antibiotics, efforts are now directed to identify alternative source to treat and prevent associated disorders. In the present study, effect of selected indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan was evaluated on the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a bid to rationalize their medicinal use and to examine the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in gastric epithelial cells.

Materials and methods

AGS cells and clinically isolated Helicobacter pylori strain (193C) were employed for co-culture experiments. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and cytotoxic effects of the selected plants were determined by serial dilution method and DNA fragmentation assay respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the effect on IL-8 secretion and ROS generation in Helicobacter pylori-infected cells.

Results

At 100 μg/ml, extracts of Alpinia galangal, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum tamala, Mentha arvensis, Myrtus communis, Oligochaeta ramose, Polygonum bistorta, Rosa damascena, Ruta graveolens, Syzygium aromaticum, Tamarix dioica, and Terminalia chebula exhibited strong inhibitory activity against IL-8 secretion. Of these, four extracts of Cinnamomum cassia, Myrtus communis, Syzygium aromaticum, and Terminalia chebula markedly inhibited IL-8 secretion at both 50 and 100 μg/ml. Cinnamomum cassia was further assessed at different concentrations against Helicobacter pylori and TNF-α stimulated IL-8 secretion, which displayed significant suppression of IL-8 in a concentration-dependent-manner. Among the plants examined against ROS generation, Achillea millefolium, Berberis aristata, Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chamomilla and Prunus domestica demonstrated significant suppression of ROS from Helicobacter pylori-infected cells (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Results of the study revealed anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected medicinal plants which could partially validate the traditional use of these plants in GI disorders particularly associated with Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, results obtained may lead to possible future candidates of chemoprevention against peptic ulcer or gastric cancer.