七叶一枝花种子萌发不同阶段生理生化变化研究

目的探讨七叶一枝花Paris polyphylla var.chinensis种子萌发不同阶段的酶和内源激素调控机制,为其种子解除休眠、萌发不同阶段采取有效处理措施,提高出苗率提供科学依据。方法通过观察和测定变温层积处理后七叶一枝花种子萌发不同阶段形态差异,采用常规的生理生化方法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苹果酸脱氧酶(MDH)、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)5种酶活性,采用质谱定量方法测定吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)、反玉米素(TZ)、茉莉酸(JA)量;研究种子萌发过程中胚率与酶活性和内源激素量变化之间的相关性。结果七叶一枝花种子从未萌动、上胚轴休眠到即将出苗阶段,种子质量和胚率逐步上升;SOD和POD活性逐步升高;CAT和MDH活性逐步减弱,G-6-PDH活性出现双峰,未萌动阶段和萌动后上胚轴未伸长阶段显著高于其他阶段;IAA、GA3、ABA、JA的量逐步升高,IAA和JA量在即将出苗阶段显著高于其他阶段(P0.01);TZ和SA的量先升高后降低,TZ的量在子叶分化形成期和胚乳成熟期显著高于其他阶段(P0.01),SA出苗前期量最高,已萌动胚根刚突破种皮阶段和胚乳形成阶段量次之;CAT酶活性变化与胚率呈显著负相关,IAA和JA的量变化与胚率呈显著正相关。结论CAT对种胚的生长有抑制作用,IAA与JA对种胚的生长有正向促进作用。     

三七种子后熟过程中内源激素的动态变化

目的通过对三七种子后熟过程中内源激素变化规律的研究,探索内源激素在种胚发育进程和休眠解除中的作用机制,为三七种子的处理和种源保存奠定基础。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对三七种子后熟过程中的内源激素赤霉素(GA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和脱落酸(ABA)进行动态测定。结果三七种子后熟过程中,内源GA、IAA和ZR的量随种胚的发育进程而增加,而ABA的量则减少。结论激素平衡的变化是解除三七种子休眠、促进萌发的决定因素之一。     

高温胁迫下半夏倒苗前后内源激素的变化

目的：探讨在高温胁迫下半夏倒苗前后内源激素含量的变化,从而为延缓半夏倒苗提供信息。方法：在半夏植株高15 cm左右时,给予(30±1) ℃的高温胁迫,于不同的胁迫处理天数分别测定半夏叶片、叶柄和块茎中内源激素(ABA,JA,GA₃,ZR,IAA)的含量。结果：随着高温胁迫时间的延长,半夏叶片、叶柄、块茎中ABA和JA的含量明显增加。半夏叶片、叶柄中IAA的含量明显降低,而块茎中IAA的含量降低却不明显。高温胁迫后,ZR的含量逐渐下降。半夏叶片中GA₃含量明显上升,但是叶柄、块茎中GA₃含量却下降。结论：在高温胁迫下,内源激素ABA,JA,IAA,ZR和GA₃在半夏倒苗前后起着重要的调控作用。     

Effects of Piperine,Cinnamic Acid and Gallic Acid on Rosuvastatin Pharmacokinetics in Rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interactions with natural products (such as piperine (PIP), gallic acid (GA) and cinnamic acid (CA)) and rosuvastatin (RSV) (a specific breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP substrate) in rats. In Caco₂ cells, the polarized transport of RSV was effectively inhibited by PIP, CA and GA at concentration of 50 μM. After per oral (p.o.) coadministration of PIP, CA and GA (10 mg/kg) significantly increased intravenous exposure (AUC_last) of RSV (1 mg/kg) by 73.5%, 62.9% and 53.3% (p < 0.05), respectively than alone group (control). Compared with the control (alone) group, p.o. coadministration of PIP, CA and GA (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the oral exposure (AUC_last) of RSV (5 mg/kg) by 2.0‐fold, 1.83‐fold (p < 0.05) and 2.34 ‐fold (p < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, the cumulative biliary excretion of RSV (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was significantly decreased by 53.3, 33.4 and 39.2% at the end of 8 h after p.o. co‐administration of PIP, CA and GA (10 mg/kg), respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that the natural products such as PIP, CA and GA significantly inhibit RSV transport in to bile and increased the plasma exposure (AUC_last) of RSV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

药用植物组织培养与脱落酸

脱落酸在植物的许多生理过程中起着至关重要的作用,而且它在药用植物生物技术领域研究中的地位不断提升.文章对脱落酸在药用植物组织培养和种质离体保存、改变药用植物次级代谢物的积累等方面的各种作用进行了综述.     

混合丛枝菌根真菌接种时期对滇重楼幼苗内源激素含量的影响

目的研究混合丛枝菌根(AM)真菌不同接种时期对滇重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis幼苗内源激素含量的影响。方法室内盆栽法,分别将滇重楼种子、1年生苗、2年生苗接种混合AM真菌,于灭菌土壤基质中进行共生培养,采用高效液相色谱法测定内源激素玉米素核苷(ZR)、赤霉素(GA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量。结果混合AM真菌对不同时期,不同种源的滇重楼根状茎和根中内源激素ZR、GA、IAA、ABA含量变化的影响不尽相同。整体上,与对照组比较,野生种源和栽培种源滇重楼根状茎和根的ZR和GA内源激素含量均呈增加趋势,ABA含量均呈减少趋势。滇重楼根状茎和根中IAA/ABA、GA/ABA、ZR/ABA增大。结论 1年生苗期接种S2、S6型混合AM真菌,对促进滇重楼幼苗根状茎和根生长的综合效果最佳。     

甘草酸和泼尼松对慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠肾脏组织病理及超微病理改变的影响

目的 通过建立大鼠慢性马兜铃酸肾病（AAN）动物模型,观察甘草酸、泼尼松对慢性AAN肾损害的干预作用。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠98只,SPF级,随机分为4组：正常对照组20只,模型组、甘草酸组、泼尼松组每组26只;实验组按马兜铃酸（AA）20mg／（kg·d）关木通浸膏灌胃,正常对照组灌胃等体积饮用水;2h后按分组灌胃给药：甘草酸25nag／（kg·d）,泼尼松3．15mg／（kg·d）;正常对照组、模型组灌胃饮用水。各组每周测量体重,于第4、8、12周测定相关肾功能指标;取肾组织进行形态学检查。结果 随着喂饲时间延长,正常对照组大鼠体重稳定性增长,而马兜铃酸给药各组体重增长缓慢。马兜铃酸用药后各组血肌酐／体重水平明显增高,甘草酸组、泼尼松组血肌酐／体重水平显著降低。肾脏组织形态学改变：甘草酸、泼尼松治疗组形态结构损害程度较模型组（纤维化程度约30％）轻微,纤维化程度约15％～20％。电镜结果：马兜铃酸可引起肾小管上皮细胞损伤、变性、坏死,线粒体等细胞器损伤明显,有细胞核变异。甘草酸、泼尼松组以小管损伤为主,线粒体等细胞器正常,细胞核变异少见,间质胶原纤维较少。结论 甘草酸、泼尼松对大鼠慢性马兜铃酸肾损害有一定的保护作用,能降低血肌酐,改善肾功能,在一定程度上减轻马兜铃酸造成的肾组织形态学改变,并减少肾间质纤维化程度。     

植物多糖对S180、K562细胞增殖和唾液酸、磷脂、胆固醇含量的影响

本实验用ＭＴＴ比色分析法研究了茯苓多糖（ＰＰＳ）、刺五加多糖（ＡＳＰＳ）、银耳多糖（ＴＦ）和香菇多糖４种植物多糖对体外培养的小鼠腹水型肉瘤Ｓ１８０细胞和人慢性骨髓性白血病Ｋ５６２细胞增殖的影响，结果证实ＰＰＳ、ＡＳＰＳ在体外具有直接抗肿瘤作用。ＰＰＳ对两种种瘤细胞的半数有效抑制浓度（ＩＣ５０）均为１．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＳＰＳ对Ｓ１８０和Ｋ５６２细胞的ＩＣ５０分别为０．３８ｍｇ／ｍｌ和０．２８ｍｇ／ｍ     

马蓝BcASB基因的克隆、生物信息学及表达分析

目的克隆马蓝邻氨基苯甲酸合成酶(anthranilate synthase,AS)BcASB基因(GenBank登录号QCF61930.1),并对其进行生物信息学分析、时空表达分析以及检测马蓝有效成分靛蓝、靛玉红积累量随时间的变化。方法通过RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆BcASB基因全长,应用生物信息学的方法对该基因编码的蛋白进行各种理化性质测定,二级结构和三级结构预测分析以及对核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行比对;利用qRT-PCR技术检测BcASB基因在马蓝不同器官(根、茎、叶)中的表达模式以及在外源诱导子茉莉酸甲酯(methyl-jasmonate,MeJA)、脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)和乙烯利(ethylene,ETH)诱导下的表达情况;同时运用HPLC测定吲哚类生物碱靛蓝、靛玉红含量的变化情况。结果克隆获得BcASB基因,开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)长度为765 bp,编码256个氨基酸,生物信息学表明,该蛋白不含信号肽且无跨膜区,亚细胞结构定位于叶绿体;qRT-PCR检测结果表明,BcASB基因在马蓝叶和茎中的表达量较高,在根中表达较低;BcASB基因可响应不同外源诱导处理,而影响其转录;HPLC检测结果显示靛蓝、靛玉红含量有着明显的变化。结论成功克隆马蓝邻氨基苯甲酸合成酶BcASB基因,为进一步阐释该基因在马蓝吲哚类生物碱合成途径的作用及表达调控研究奠定基础。     

水杨酸对丹参幼苗营养期生长及品质影响的研究

目的以丹参幼苗为材料,研究水杨酸对丹参种苗根部丹参酮类、丹酚酸类成分含量、抗氧化酶活性以及根部生长性状的影响。方法将丹参种苗进行根部灌溉水杨酸处理,按照生测法和HPLC法定期测定生长指标及丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮和丹酚酸B的含量,并进行了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的测定。结果经水杨酸处理后,丹参根的丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹酚酸B含量均高于对照,SOD酶活性增强,在水杨酸0.1～3 mmol/L的范围内,随浓度的升高和处理时间的延续而含量增加。高浓度(5 mmol/L)处理下对根部生长有一定的抑制作用,根部的丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹酚酸B含量也较最佳处理浓度(3 mmol/L)的效应有所减弱。结论在一定的浓度范围下,浇灌水杨酸能促进丹参根部丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹酚酸B含量的积累,并能增加SOD酶活性,以及丹参根部的根长、根直径及根鲜重。     

梁外半野生甘草最佳采收期研究

目的:研究甘草中甘草酸的积累动态,确定内蒙古梁外地区育苗移栽的半野生甘草最佳采收期.方法:用HPLC法测定不同时间采集的不同株龄的半野生甘草中甘草酸含量.结果:甘草中甘草酸含量6～7月份最高,8月份开始逐渐降低,11～12月最低,翌年3～4月份开始逐渐增加,直到6～7月份达最高峰;甘草在移栽后的前三年,甘草酸含量无明显增加,第四年的各个月份的甘草酸含量均远大于头三年.结论:育苗移栽的半野生甘草的最佳采收期为移栽后的第四年7～8月份.     

Antifungal Activity of Gallic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo

Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol natural compound found in many medicinal plant species, including pomegranate rind (Punica granatum L.), and has been shown to have antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties. Pomegranate rind is used to treat bacterial and fungal pathogens in Uyghur and other systems of traditional medicine, but, surprisingly, the effects of GA on antifungal activity have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of GA on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the NCCLS (M38‐A and M27‐A2) standard method in vitro, and GA was found to have a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, with MICs for all the tested dermatophyte strains between 43.75 and 83.33 μg/mL. Gallic acid was also active against three Candida strains, with MICs between 12.5 and 100.0 μg/mL. The most sensitive Candida species was Candida albicans (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL), and the most sensitive filamentous species was Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 43.75 μg/mL), which was comparable in potency to the control, fluconazole. The mechanism of action was investigated for inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis using an HPLC‐based assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Gallic acid reduced the activity of sterol 14α‐demethylase P450 (CYP51) and squalene epoxidase in the T. rubrum membrane, respectively. In vivo model demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection administration of GA (80 mg/kg d) significantly enhanced the cure rate in a mice infection model of systemic fungal infection. Overall, our results confirm the antifungal effects of GA and suggest a mechanism of action, suggesting that GA has the potential to be developed further as a natural antifungal agent for clinical use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

以水杨酸为假模板制备印迹聚合物对银杏酸的吸附性能研究

目的研究银杏酸吸附分离的新方法。方法采用分子印迹技术,以水杨酸为假模板分子,4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,通过分子自组装印迹技术合成对银杏酸具有高吸附性的印迹聚合物,运用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱分析研究聚合物的印迹机制,扫描电镜考察聚合物的结构表征,HPLC和紫外检测法监测聚合物对总银杏酸的吸附结合特性。结果加入模板分子合成分子印迹聚合物(MIP)具备更好的三维空间结构和吸附性能,其中模板分子与功能单体以非共价键结合。在银杏外种皮提取液中MIP对银杏酸的吸附率达到95.9%;根据Scatchard分析聚合物,存在2种不同的结合位点,其中高亲和力结合位点饱和结合位点数(Q_(max1))=30 mg/g;低亲和力结合位点饱和结合位点数(Q_(max2))=80 mg/g。聚合物的吸附动力学为准二级动力学吸附。结论以水杨酸为模板制备MIP对银杏酸有很强的吸附性能,在银杏酸的分离精制中具有很好的推广应用前景。     

Antitumour effects of selected plant polyphenols,gallic acid and ellagic acid,on sensitive and multidrug‐resistant leukaemia HL60 cells

The aim of this study was to examine the antitumour effects of plant phenolic acids, gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA), on human promyelocytic leukaemia sensitive HL60 cell line and its resistant sublines exhibiting two MDR phenotypes: HL60/VINC (overexpressing P‐glycoprotein) and HL60/MX2 (characterized by the presence of mutated α isoform of topoisomerase II). Both studied compounds exerted comparable cytotoxic activities towards sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts. It was also found that GA and EA modulated the cellular level of reactive oxygen species in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that GA (IC₉₀) and EA (IC₅₀ and IC₉₀) significantly increased the percentage of sub‐G1 subpopulation of all studied leukaemia cells causing oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Both compounds used at IC₉₀ triggered mainly the apoptotic death of these cells. However, GA had no effect on the activity of caspase‐3 as well as caspase‐8 in sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts. In contrast, EA provoked a significant activation of these caspases in all studied leukaemia cells. It was also found that lysosomes were not involved in triggering programmed death of sensitive HL60 and MDR cells by GA and EA.     

A review on gentisic acid as a plant derived phenolic acid and metabolite of aspirin: Comprehensive pharmacology,toxicology, and some pharmaceutical aspects

Beneficial therapeutic effects of phenolic acids have been proven in various research projects including in vivo and in vitro studies. Gentisic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid that has been associated with useful effects on human health, such as antiinflammatory, antigenotoxic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and especially antioxidant activities. It is an important metabolite of aspirin and also widely distributed in plants as a secondary plant product such as Gentiana spp., Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera, Pterocarpus santalinus, Helianthus tuberosus, Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis, Olea europaea, and Sesamum indicum and in fruits such as avocados, batoko plum, kiwi fruits, apple, bitter melon, black berries, pears, and some mushrooms. This study was undertaken to review the pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetic properties as well as toxicity and pharmaceutical applications of GA.     

Pharmacological Investigation on Sodium Salt and Acetyl Derivative of Anacardic Acid

Sodium salts of anacardic acid (SA) and O-acetyl anacardic acid (AA) were subjected to pharmacological screening primarily on paradigms known to be affected by prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitors. Results were compared with those elicited by known cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. SA and AA had little discernible effect on general behaviour and showed overt signs of central stimulation in unusually large doses. SA augmented spontaneous motor activity in mice and attenuated hexobarbitone hypnosis in rats. It augmented the convulsant action of pentylene-tetrazol and inhibited the anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbitone against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in rats. SA inhibited catalepsy induced by morphine and haloperidol in rats, and antagonized bradykinin-induced catalepsy when administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in rats. Both exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenin-induced acute inflammation in rats. This anti-inflammatory effect was also in evidence when SA was administered i.c.v. SA and AA had no per se effect on rectal temperature in rats but significantly attenuated the hyperthermia induced by i.c.v. bradykinin or i.p. carrageenin. In all these parameters the effects of SA or AA were comparable to those elicited by diclofenac, aspirin or acetaminophen. However, unlike aspirin and diclofenac, which showed significant antinociceptive activity against phenylquinone-induced writhing technique, SA was additionally effective against radiant heat and thermic stimulation-induced nocisponsive technique. Both SA and AA appeared to be fairly safe drugs as assessed by acute toxicity studies. Like the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, diclofenac, SA significantly reduced rat brain PGE₂ and PGF₂α concentrations, as assessed by a radioimmunoassay technique. Pharmacological and biochemical studies indicate that anacardic acid functions as a PG synthesis inhibitor, with the added advantage of having a central analgesic property.     

水杨酸对高温胁迫下半夏叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光的影响

 目的在大田气温高于30℃条件下,研究不同浓度的外源水杨酸对半夏光合作用和叶绿素荧光的影响。方法待半夏植株高约15 cm左右时,对半夏喷施不同浓度的SA溶液,3次后测定半夏叶片的叶绿素含量、光合指标和叶绿素荧光指标。结果与对照相比,用0.1～1 mmol·L^-1水杨酸处理叶片,提高叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b比值;提高半夏叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、原初光能转换效率(F_v/F_m)、光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、最大荧光(F_m)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低胞间CO₂浓度(C_i、初始荧光(F_o)及非光化学猝灭(NPQ)系数。结论SA对高温胁迫下半夏叶片光合机构具有保护作用,以喷施SA浓度为0.5 mmol·L^-1的效果最佳。     

A New Phenolic Acid from Rhizomes of Abacopteris penangiana

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Abacopteris penangiana. Methods The compounds were separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectroscopic methods. Results Seven compounds were purified and their structures were identified as: (7′Z)-3-O-(3,4-dihydroxy phenylethenyl)-caffeic acid (1), caffeicin B (2), matteucinol (3), protocatechuic acid (4), p-methoxybenzoic acid (5), β-sitosterol (6), and d...     

Histone acetylation increases in response to ferulic,gallic, and sinapic acids acting synergistically in vitro to inhibit Candida albicans yeast‐to‐hyphae transition

Novel treatments are needed to prevent candidiasis/candidemia infection due to the emergence of Candida species resistant to current antifungals. Considering the yeast‐to‐hyphae switch is a critical factor to Candida albicans virulence, phenols common in plant sources have been reported to demonstrating their ability to prevent dimorphism. Therefore, phenols present in many agricultural waste stress (ferulic (FA) and gallic (GA) acid) were initially screened in isolation for their yeast‐to‐hyphae inhibitory properties at times 3, 6, and 24 hr. Both FA and GA inhibited 50% of hyphae formation inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) but at a concentration of 8.0 ± 0.09 and 90.6 ± 1.05 mM, respectively, at 24 hr. However, the inhibitory effect of FA increased by 1.9–2.6 fold when combined with different GA concentrations. GA and FA values decreased even lower when sinapic acid (SA) was added as a third component. As evidenced by concave isobolograms and combination indexes less than 1, both GA:F A and GA:FA:SA combinations acted synergistically to inhibit 50% hyphae formation at 24 hr. Lastly, acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56) was higher in response to the triple phenolic cocktail (using the IC₅₀ 24 hr inhibitory concentration level) comparable with the nontreated samples, indicating that the phenols inhibited hyphal growth in part by targeting H3K56 acetylation.     

一氧化氮、茉莉酸甲酯与水杨酸对肉苁蓉悬浮细胞生长及苯乙醇苷生物合成的影响

 目的 研究一氧化氮（NO）、茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate, MJ)与水杨酸（salicylic acid, SA)对肉苁蓉悬浮细胞生长和苯乙醇苷（PeGs）生物合成的影响。方法 肉苁蓉细胞悬浮培养体系中加入硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside, SNP)、MJ和SA诱导子。结果 低浓度外源性NO有利于悬浮细胞的生长,但对PeGs的积累作用不明显,MJ和SA有利于PeGs的积累,但抑制悬浮细胞的生长,且三者的最适作用浓度和作用时间存在差异。在细胞培养初期（0 d）加入0.05 mmol·L-1SNP,细胞对数生长初期（12 d）加入50 μmol·L-1 SA,对数生长中期（16 d）加入20 μmol·L-1 MJ,细胞干重可达对照组的1.42倍,PeGs总量可达373.52 mg·L-1,约为对照的4.17倍;松果菊苷可达21.892 mg·g-1,为对照的4.02倍。结论 3种诱导子协同作用能够显著提高肉苁蓉细胞悬浮培养体系中次生代谢产物的含量。