金铁锁总皂苷抗类风湿性关节炎作用及其作用机制研究

目的:考察金铁锁总皂苷(TSPT)抗类风湿性关节炎(RA)的药理作用及作用机制。方法:建立佐剂性关节炎(AA)动物模型,观察TSPT对AA大鼠足肿胀、关节炎指数及炎性组织液中促炎细胞因子IL-1β,TNF-α水平的影响。结果:TSPT能有效抑制关节肿胀率及关节指数,降低AA大鼠炎性组织液中促炎细胞因子L-1β,TNF-α的水平。结论:TSPT具有良好的抗RA作用,其作用机制与抑制促炎细胞因子L-1β,TNF-α的水平有关。     

宽筋藤醇提物对佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠的影响

目的:研究宽筋藤醇提物对弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)诱导的佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠的影响。方法:除正常组外,其余各组大鼠足跖皮内注射CFA致AA大鼠模型,将模型大鼠随机分成模型组、宽筋藤高剂量组、宽筋藤中剂量组、宽筋藤低剂量组、甲氨蝶呤组,灌胃给药20 d后,进行全身及关节炎指数评分以及足爪肿胀度和血清细胞炎性因子的测定。结果:与模型组比较,宽筋藤醇提物能抑制AA大鼠关节肿胀程度,降低全身及关节炎指数评分和血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、细胞肿瘤因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的水平。结论:宽筋藤醇提物能拮抗AA大鼠病情发展,其机制可能与其下调血清炎性因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β的表达有关。     

假刺藤醇提物对佐剂关节炎模型大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α及IL-1β的影响研究

目的研究假刺藤醇提物对弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)诱导的佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、细胞肿瘤因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的影响,探讨其治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用。方法采用CFA诱导大鼠AA模型,给予不同剂量假刺藤醇提物治疗,进行全身及关节炎症肿胀程度评分以及血清细胞炎性因子(IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β)水平的测定。结果与模型组比较,假刺藤醇提物能显著降低AA大鼠全身和关节炎症肿胀评分及显著降低血清中IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β的水平(P0.05或P0.01)。结论假刺藤醇提物能拮抗AA大鼠病情发展,其机制可能与其下调血清炎性因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β的表达有关。     

龙须藤总黄酮对佐剂关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及机制

目的探讨龙须藤总黄酮对佐剂关节炎(AA)动物模型的治疗作用。方法于大鼠左后足跖皮内注射完全弗氏佐剂建立佐剂关节炎大鼠模型,以多发性关节炎指数评分、继发侧关节肿胀度、踝关节病理切片为指标,观察龙须藤总黄酮对佐剂关节炎大鼠的影响。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含有量,初步探讨龙须藤总黄酮抗佐剂关节炎的作用机制。结果与模型组相比,龙须藤总黄酮各组均能不同程度地使佐剂关节炎大鼠关节炎指数、继发性足肿胀度下降,并显著降低大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含有量。结论龙须藤总黄酮对佐剂关节炎大鼠具有治疗作用,其抗炎机制可能与其抑制IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α分泌有关。     

不同蜂针剂量对佐剂性类风湿性关节炎大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的影响

目的:观察不同剂量的蜂针对佐剂性类风湿性关节炎(RA)大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β),白介素-6(IL-6)的影响,探究不同蜂针剂量对类风湿性关节炎的可能机制。方法:建立佐剂性类风湿性关节炎大鼠模型,将wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和单蜂1 min组、双蜂1 min组、三蜂1min组、单蜂30 s组。观察各组足趾容积以及缩足反应,同时采用ELISA检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达水平。结果:单峰1 min足趾肿胀程度低于模型组(P<0.01),缩足反应对应长于模型组(P<0.05),单蜂1 min比其余治疗组改善足趾肿胀度以及延长镇痛效果要强,而对于血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的影响,单峰1 min表达水平低于模型组(P<0.05),单蜂1 min与其他治疗组相比抑制炎症细胞因子的表达较好。结论:适当剂量的蜂针具有减轻类风湿性关节炎大鼠足趾肿胀度和加强镇痛效果的作用,其机制可能跟抑制RA大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达有关,而单蜂1 min可能为类风湿性关节炎最佳的治疗剂量。     

不同浓度金边兰萃取液对AA大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β的影响

目的:观察金边兰萃取液对类风湿性关节炎大鼠TNF-α、IL-1β、SOD的影响,探讨该药的作用机制。方法:建立佐剂性关节炎(Adjuvant Arthritis,AA)大鼠模型,观察金边兰萃取液对AA大鼠足肿胀的抑制作用,检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β、SOD的水平。结果:金边兰萃取液可以抑制大鼠的足肿胀,并可显著降低TNF-α、IL-1β(P<0.05);增加SOD活性(P<0.05)。结论:金边兰萃取液可以降低炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β的水平,增加SOD活性,对RA起到治疗作用。     

艾灸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞超微结构及血清细胞因子的影响

目的：观察艾灸对佐剂性关节炎（AA）大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞超微结构及血清细胞因子的影响，探讨艾灸治疗类风湿关节炎（RA）的可能机制。方法：将45只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和艾灸组，每组15只。模型组、艾灸组大鼠通过风、寒、湿环境因素结合弗氏完全佐剂的造模方法制备AA模型。艾灸组予艾灸“足三里”“肾俞”，每次20 min，每日1次，连续21 d；正常组和模型组不予干预。比较各组大鼠干预前后足跖肿胀度、关节炎指数（AI）评分；干预后，采用透射电镜观察大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞超微结构，ELISA法检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素（IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平。结果：干预后，与正常组比较，模型组大鼠足跖肿胀度、AI评分升高（P<0.01）,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平升高（P<0.01）,IL-10水平降低（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，艾灸组大鼠足跖肿胀度、AI评分降低（P<0.05）,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平降低（P<0.01）,IL-10水平升高（P<0.01）。与正常组比较，模型组大鼠滑膜细胞超...     

京尼平苷对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6的影响

目的:通过观察京尼平苷对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清IL-6和TNF-α的影响,探讨京尼平苷治疗类风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthritis,RA)的可能机制。方法:采用弗氏完全佐剂(Freund's Complete Adjuvant, FCA)复制出大鼠佐剂性关节炎(Adjuvant Arthritis,AA)模型,观察京尼平苷对实验性大鼠足肿胀的抑制作用;检测血清鼠抗人肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)的水平。结果:与模型组比较,京尼平苷(Geniposide, GP)可以延缓对侧肢体足肿胀发生的时间,抑制大鼠足肿胀的程度(P 0.05);用药后,给药组血清IL-6和TNF-α水平明显低于模型组(P 0.01)。结论:京尼平苷在类风湿性关节炎大鼠中可以下调致炎因子IL-6和TNF-α的水平,阻止AA大鼠免疫性炎症的发展,提示这可能是其治疗实验性类风湿性关节炎病情进展的可能机制。     

伸筋草正丁醇提取物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的影响

目的:研究伸筋草正丁醇提取物对佐剂性关节炎(Adjuvant Arthritis,AA)大鼠血清中细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的影响,探讨其治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)的作用及免疫学机制。方法:采用弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)诱导大鼠AA模型,给予不同剂量的伸筋草正丁醇提取物治疗,应用放射性免疫法,检测血清中细胞因子系列(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)的水平。结果:模型组大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均高于正常组(P<0.01);各治疗组IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平均有显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:伸筋草正丁醇提取物可能是通过免疫调节机制,对佐剂性关节炎发挥治疗作用。     

四妙丸对大鼠佐剂性关节炎作用机制的研究

目的:研究四妙丸对大鼠佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant arthritis,AA)的作用并初步探讨其作用机制,为类风湿关节炎的临床治疗提供实验依据。方法:Wistar大鼠,雄性,随机分为空白对照组(生理盐水)、模型对照组(生理盐水)、雷公藤多苷组(GTT9.45 mg.kg-1)、四妙丸低、中、高剂量组(1 080,2 160,4 320 mg.kg-1)。除空白组外,其余各组采用弗氏完全佐剂注射于大鼠右后足足跖皮内,建立佐剂性关节炎模型;空白组注射等量生理盐水,并分别给予灌胃治疗,观察各组足肿胀值,测定血清中SOD的含量,脾指数和胸腺指数,用sqRT-PCR法检测大鼠滑膜组织中细胞因子IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αmRNA的表达。结果:四妙丸给药后,大鼠足肿胀均显著减轻,大鼠血清中SOD活性均显著提高,免疫器官脾脏肿大有所缓解,胸腺损害均显著减轻,滑膜组织中IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αmRNA表达显著降低。结论:四妙丸对大鼠佐剂性关节炎有一定的治疗作用,可减轻炎症反应和关节肿胀,改善关节功能,对类风湿关节炎的临床治疗提供了可靠依据。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。