CCK-8法检测狗脊不同炮制品对成骨细胞的影响

该文采用胰酶-Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法进行成骨细胞原代培养并接种、传代,碱性磷酸酶染液鉴定,制备狗脊不同炮制品正丁醇提取部位及原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、曲酸三者混合对照药液等与上述成骨细胞共同培养,以CCK-8法对其进行增殖检测。各炮制品正丁醇提取部位对于成骨细胞的增殖作用显著,酒狗脊>烫狗脊>盐狗脊>砂烫酒制狗脊>醇制狗脊>蒸狗脊>生狗脊,q检验显示砂烫酒制狗脊、醇制狗脊、蒸狗脊无显著差异,烫狗脊、盐狗脊无显著差异;各对照品对于成骨细胞增殖具有一定作用,其中混合对照>原儿茶醛>原儿茶酸>曲酸,q检验显示原儿茶醛、原儿茶酸无显著差异。狗脊各炮制品正丁醇提取部位均显著促进成骨细胞增殖,以酒狗脊为最佳;原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、曲酸等酚类化合物对成骨细胞均具有一定的促进增殖作用。     

狗脊不同炮制品的抗炎作用及其机制研究

目的研究狗脊不同炮制品的抗炎作用及其机制。方法以脂多糖(LPS)刺激单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7为体外模型,通过比较细胞上清液中炎性细胞因子白介素-1(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)以及炎性介质一氧化氮(NO)和前列腺素(PGE2)的水平和总评分,评价狗脊不同炮制品的抗炎作用。结果与空白组相比,生狗脊、烫狗脊、酒狗脊、盐狗脊、蒸狗脊对各细胞因子和炎性介质均有一定影响,综合评分由高到低,依次为生狗脊烫狗脊酒狗脊盐狗脊蒸狗脊。结论生狗脊和烫狗脊的抗炎效果较好,而酒狗脊、盐狗脊、蒸狗脊的作用次之。     

中药狗脊及其炮制品中氨基酸和总糖的比较分析

目的：比较狗脊炮制前后总糖和氨基酸的含量变化。方法：总糖含量用硫酸苯酚法,氨基酸测定用氨基酸自动分析仪。结果：总糖含量是生品〉单蒸〉酒蒸〉砂烫〉盐制;氨基酸部量也是生品含量最高。结论：狗脊炮制可使炮制品总糖和氨基酸降低。     

Studies on the Basic Principles for the Processing of Rhizoma Cibotii Part Ⅰ Influence of Rhizoma Cibotii and Its Processed Samples on Thrombin Induced Rabbit Platelet Aggregation

比较研究了狗脊及其不同炮制品对凝血酶诱导的兔血小板聚集作用的影响 ,各炮制品均有抑制血小板聚集作用 ,抗血小板聚集作用砂烫品 >盐制品 >酒蒸品 >单蒸品 >生品     

Studies on the Basic Principles for the Processing of Rhizoma Cibotii Part I Influence of Rhizoma Cibotii and Its Processed Samples on Thrombin Induced Rabbit Platelet Aggregation

比较研究了狗脊及其不同炮制品对凝血酶诱导的兔血小板聚集作用的影响,各炮制品均有抑制血小板聚集作用,抗血小板聚集作用砂烫品＞盐制品＞酒蒸品＞单蒸品＞生品。     

Studies on the Basic Principles for the Processing of Rhizoma Cibotii Part Ⅰ Influence of Rhizoma Cibotii and Its Processed Samples on Thrombin Induced Rabbit Platelet Aggregation

比较研究了狗脊及其不同炮制品对凝血酶诱导的兔血小板聚集作用的影响,各炮制品均有抑制血小板聚集作用,抗血小板聚集作用砂烫品〉盐制品〉酒蒸品〉单蒸品〉生品。     

对叶百部生品及蜜炙品不同极性部位止咳化痰作用比较

目的: 比较对叶百部生、炙品不同极性部位止咳化痰作用差异性,为百部作为止咳类药物发挥传统功效时生熟用药提供实验支持,为进一步揭示百部蜜炙原理奠定基础。方法: 清洁级昆明种小鼠200 只, 随机分为20 组, 10 只/组, 雌雄各半。第1组为空白对照组,ig 给予生理盐水;第2 组为阳性对照组,ig 给予可待因6 mg ·kg^-1;其他组为给药组,给药容积为10 mL ·kg^-1。给药小鼠给药前禁食8 h,禁水2 h,连续给药2 d,末次给药后1 h,采用小鼠氨水引咳法,对对叶百部生品及蜜炙品的不同部位,包括水煎液、总生物碱提取物及非生物碱提取液(各设3个剂量,按生药量计均为20,10,5 g ·kg^-1)的止咳作用进行比较。取昆明种小鼠200 只, 随机分为20 组, 10只/组, 雌雄各半。第1组为空白对照组,ig 给予生理盐水;第2 组为阳性对照组,ig 给予氯化氨 40 mg ·kg^-1;其他组为给药组,给药剂量为10 mL ·kg^-1。给药小鼠给药前禁食8 h,禁水2 h,连续给药2 d,末次给药后0.5 h,采用气管酚红法,研究生、炙品不同极性部位化痰效果。结果: 与空白组对比,对叶百部生品不同部位均具有显著的止咳作用(P<0.05, P<0.01, 或P<0.001),而炙品的水煎液及总生物碱提取物有显著的止咳作用(P<0.05, P<0.01, 或P<0.001),但其非碱部分只有高剂量有显著的止咳作用(P<0.001)。对于对叶百部生、炙品相同极性部位比较,发现生、炙品水煎液中剂量及高剂量之间均有显著差异(P<0.05),而总碱提取物低剂量和中剂量有显著性差异(P<0.05),非生物碱提取液仅高剂量有显著性差异(P<0.05), 均显示炙品止咳活性强于生品。化痰实验仅生品水煎液高剂量和炙品水煎液高剂量有显著的效果(P<0.05),其他均和空白组之间无显著差异。结论: 对叶百部蜜炙后止咳作用增强的主要部位为总生物碱提取物部位及水煎液部位,而其化痰作用生、炙品均较弱, 说明百部不是通过化痰起到止咳功效。     

安神抗癫方联合卡马西平及丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫46例

目的: 探讨安神抗癫方联合天马西平及丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫的疗效及对抗氧自由基和炎症反应影响. 方法: 将92例癫痫患者随机按数字表法分为对照组和观察组各46例.对照组服用卡马西平片,0.2～1.0 g·d^-1,分3次口服;丙戊酸钠片,0.4～1.6 g·d^-1,分3次口服;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用安神抗癫方加减治疗.两组疗程均为6个月.进行治疗前后癫痫发作情况及生活质量量表评价;进行治疗前后长程脑电图(EEG)检测;检测治疗前后血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平. 结果: 经有序资料卡方检验,观察组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组癫痫发作情况评分低于对照组,生活质量评分高于对照组(P<0.01);治疗后观察组痫样放电例数少于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组血清TNF-α,IL-1和MDA水平低于对照组(P<0.01),血清SOD水平高于对照组(P<0.01). 结论: 安神抗癫方联合卡马西平及丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫减少了癫痫发作频率,提高了生活质量,其作用机制可能与清除氧自由基,减轻炎性反应有关.     

不同炮制方法对川乌抗痛风性关节炎及心脏毒性作用的影响

目的 研究不同炮制方法对川乌抗痛风性关节炎及心脏毒性的影响,探讨川乌不同炮制方法可能的减毒增效机制。方法 抗痛风性关节炎试验中以大鼠膝关节肿胀度、炎症因子［白细胞介素（IL）-1β,IL-18,肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α］水平、肝脏能量代谢相关酶［Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-三磷酸腺苷（ATP）酶,Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶,琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）］活性为指标评价2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》收载的方法（简称“药典法”）蒸制川乌、药典法煮制川乌、建昌帮法制川乌、樟帮法制川乌及生川乌的抗炎作用。心脏毒性试验中以肌酸激酶（CK）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和B型脑钠肽（BNP）含量为指标评价川乌及其不同炮制品的心脏毒性强弱。结果 在抗痛风性关节炎试验中,与空白组比较,模型组大鼠膝关节明显肿胀（P<0.01）,血清中IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α水平显著升高（P<0.01）,Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性显著下降（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,生川乌及其炮制品均能减轻大鼠膝关节肿胀,降低血清中IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α水平;药典法蒸制川乌组大鼠肝脏中Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性显著高于模型组（P<0.01）,其他给药组则均无统计学差异。在心脏毒性试验中,与空白组比较,生川乌组和药典法蒸/煮制川乌组CK,LDH活性显著增强,BNP水平显著上升（P<0.01）。在LDH活性和BNP含量方面,樟帮法和建昌帮法制川乌组显著低于生川乌组（P<0.01）;在CK活性方面,樟帮法制川乌组显著低于生川乌组（P<0.01）。结论 生川乌及其炮制品均具有抗炎效果,但在不同评价指标之间存在一定差异;生川乌及其炮制品在心脏毒性方面存在较大差异,其中建昌帮法和樟帮法制川乌的心脏毒性较弱。     

狗脊炮制前后抗氧化活性的研究

目的:对比研究狗脊炮制前后,化学成分变化较大的正丁醇提取物的抗氧化作用差异。方法:采用对氧自由基、H2O2、羟自由基等3种自由基反应体系,平行考察狗脊炮制前后清除自由基能力变化。结果:生狗脊和烫狗脊均具有清除自由基能力,但烫狗脊清除自由基作用强于生狗脊。结论:狗脊砂烫后抗氧化作用增强与炮制后化学成分变化有关。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

常用藏药“蒂达”(藏茵陈)基原物种药用合理性及资源利用价值评价

目的:对“蒂达”各品种不同基原植物药用合理性及其资源利用价值作出评价.方法:采用HPLC指纹图谱共有特征峰、结合SPSS聚类分析方法,评价“蒂达”不同品种基原植物的成分组成相似性.结果:“蒂达”不同品种涉及的来源有龙胆科獐牙菜属、花锚属、扁蕾属及肋柱花属共15种1变种33个样品,指纹图谱全谱相似度较差;以10个共有峰成分的相对面积聚类,其基原植物可分别聚为4个组;上述4个属的属间成分组成差异较大;其中獐牙菜属不同种间成分组成变化较大,而其他各属种间成分组成相似度较高.结论:上述龙胆科4属植物均含有具有保肝利胆生物活性的环烯醚萜类、(山)酮类及三萜类成分,藏医学将其归为“蒂达”一类药材使用具有一定的物质基础;鉴于“蒂达”类药材不同基原各品种间在成分组成上差异较大,分别制定各品种的HPLC指纹图谱,是鉴别和控制各品种质量的有效手段,可有效控制各基原品种质量.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.     

Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F,a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Aim of the study

Based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, we developed TZQ-F, a new formula including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance. The study was aimed at fraction preparation and effects of the fractions on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.

Materials and methods

The active fractions were obtained by macroporous resin, ion-exchange resin and polyamide resin column chromatographies. HPLC analyses were used for quality control. In vitro mechanism study included DPPH radical scavenging, AGEs formation inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition and lipase inhibition, and rats on high-fat diet were used for in vivo study.

Results

In vitro mechanism study showed that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo results, histology study demonstrated that TZQ-F alleviated hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet.

Conclusions

TZQ-F possesses the potential regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.     

乌拉尔甘草HMGR基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

目的:对乌拉尔甘草3.羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3methylglutary CoA reductase,HMGR)的cDNA克隆并进行序列分析.方法:根据NCBI数据库中的豆科其他物种HMGR的cDNA保守区设计引物,利用同源扩增和cDNA末端快速扩增技术从甘草根中获得目的基因;利用BLAST进行序列比对,ORF Finder寻找开发阅读框,Prosite分析蛋白质的基本结构域,Clustal x比对已有HMGR的氨基酸序列,并构建进化树.结果:得到1个全长为1 842 bp的HMGR的cDNA序列,含有1 722 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码573个氨基酸,具有HMGR家族的特异序列,推测的氨基酸序列与豌豆、蒺藜苜蓿的氨基酸序列一致性分别为84%,76%.结论:对甘草HMGR基因的cDNA进行了克隆,为进一步研究3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A在甘草酸生物合成途径中的作用提供了理论依据.     

虫草属EST-SSR标记系统的建立研究

目的:通过球孢虫草、蛹虫草EST设计EST-SSR引物,建立虫草属EST-SSR标记系统.方法:从NCBI公共数据库下载获得虫草EST,利用Sequece Seiners 1.2软件去除冗余序列并设计引物,进行PAGE电泳.结果:通过去除EST总序列中低质量的和冗余的序列后,得到全长为2 953 173 bp的4 556条无冗余球孢虫草EST.从中发掘出718个EST-SSR,分布于616条EST中,出现频率是15.8％.平均分布频率是每4 096 bp出现1个,三核苷酸重复序列有419个,是出现最多的重复类型.蛹虫草EST去冗余后得到1 363条无冗余EST,共含有1 117个EST-SSR,出现频率为81.95％,出现最多的重复类型是A核苷酸重复.根据球孢虫草EST-SSR序列,设计合成50对引物,有扩增产物的引物为34对,占总设计引物数的68％.根据蛹虫草EST-SSR,设计合成40对引物,有扩增产物的引物为39对,占总设计引物数的97.5％.基于SSR标记进行聚类分析,7种虫草无性型均能分开,且分为4支.结论:虫草属EST-SSR出现频率较高、类型较丰富、多态性潜能较高,具有较高的利用价值.球孢虫草和蛹虫草EST开发的SSR标记在虫草属有较好的转移性与通用性,可以很好的应用于虫草种间遗传关系的研究.应用虫草物种EST建立分子标记是一条简便而又有效的途径.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and compounds of some selected medicinal plants from Cameroon

Aim of the study

Seven extracts and eight compounds from four selected Cameroonian medicinal plants, Solanecio mannii Hook f. (Asteraceae), Monodora myristica Dunal (Annonaceae), Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel) C.A. Smith (Fabaceae/Mimosoideae) and Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae), traditionally used for the treatment of hepatitis, parasites and other infectious diseases, were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (5 species) and Gram-negative (4 species) bacteria species and pathogenic yeasts (2 Candida species), to establish whether or not they have antimicrobial activity and to validate scientifically their use in traditional medicine.

Materials and methods

The agar disc diffusion and the microbroth dilution methods were used to determine the zone of inhibition between the edge of the filter paper and the edge of the inhibition area (IZ) and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) respectively.

Results

The most active extracts against Candida albicans and Candida krusei were respectively the cyclohexane extract from the fruits of Monodora myristica and the ethyl acetate extract from the stem bark of Albizia gummifera (MIC = 6.3 μg/ml for both extracts). The lowest MIC value (1.6 μg/ml) for purified compounds was obtained on Candida albicans with a mixture of linear aliphatic primary alcohols (n-C24H50O to n-C30H62O), with n-hexacosanol (1b) as major compound and mixture of fatty acid esters of diunsaturated linear 1,2-diols (6).

Conclusion

These results afford ground informations for the potential use of the crude extracts of these species as well as of some of the isolated compounds in bacterial and fungal infections.