姜黄素丙二醇质体的制备及体外细胞药物摄取实验研究

目的:以姜黄素为模型药物制备一种新型醇质体——丙二醇脂质体,并对其进行质量、细胞毒性及促进细胞药物摄取能力的评价。方法:采用注入法结合p H梯度载药法制备姜黄素丙二醇脂质体,HPLC法测定包封率和载药量,透射电镜观察微观形态,激光粒度分析仪和zeta电位测定仪观察粒径分布和电位,过膜法测定弹力,不同温度和光照条件下考察制剂稳定性,浆法考察体外释放规律。MTT法考察不同浓度丙二醇脂质体对CHO细胞的安全性;并在MTT实验基础上,考察不同载体浓度对细胞摄取行为的影响。制备得到的姜黄素丙二醇脂质体,粒径范围在50~300 nm,平均粒径185 nm,分散均匀,zeta电位平均值为-13 m V,弹性平均值48.6,平均包封率和载药量分别为92.5%,11.4%;体外释放结果显示,在PBS缓冲液释放介质中,24 h累积释放药物50%,相对于游离的姜黄素溶液,姜黄素丙二醇脂质体具有一定的缓释作用。稳定性考察结果显示保存温度和光照对丙二醇脂质体影响较大,保存时选择常温(24℃)或低温(4℃)避光保存。MTT结果显示丙二醇脂质体对细胞的毒性存在着剂量依赖性,高浓度时(50%,V/V)毒性较大;细胞对药物摄取能力也存在着显著的剂量依赖性,随着体系中载体浓度的升高,细胞摄取能力显著增强。结论:制备得到的姜黄素丙二醇脂质体包封率较高,稳定性好,细胞毒性小,能促进细胞对药物的摄取。     

姜黄素脂质立方液晶纳米粒的制备及理化性质研究

目的:制备姜黄素脂质立方液晶纳米粒,并对其主要理化性质进行评价。方法:采用热处理高压匀质法进行制备,以载药量和包封率为指标,采用均匀设计法对处方和工艺进行优化,并考察其理化性质。结果:制得的液晶纳米粒在电镜下呈类球形,平均粒径176.1 nm,zeta电位-25.19 mV,平均载药量(1.5±0.2)%,包封率(95±1.8)%,36 h体外释放60.0%,释放方程为ln(1-Q)=-0.0251t-0.0075。结论:姜黄素脂质立方液晶纳米粒具有较高的包封率和良好的缓释作用。     

灯盏花素脂质体的制备及其理化性质的测定

目的 :制备灯盏花素脂质体并测定其包封率等理化性质。方法 :采用薄膜蒸发法和冷冻干燥法制备灯盏花素脂质体。冻干品水合后 ,RP HPLC法测定脂质体含量 ;并用透析法结合紫外分光光度法测定其包封率 ;利用马尔文测定仪测定脂质体的粒径、Zeta电位 ;并考查脂质体胶体溶液在 0 9%氯化钠注射液中的释放度。结果 :脂质体的载药量为 2 0 1%± 0 88% (n =3) ,包封率为 81 1%± 1 1% (n =3) ;冻干脂质体再分散后的粒径为 5 0± 12nm(n =3) ,Zeta电位为 - 2 4± 9mV(n =3) ;脂质体胶体溶液在氯化钠注射液中 2h的释放度为17 2 %± 0 8% (n =3) ,8h的释放度为 2 6 1%± 0 7% (n =3) ,2 4h的释放度为 2 9 9%± 0 8% (n =3)。结论 :灯盏花素脂质体的载药量和包封率较高 ,粒径在纳米大小范围 ,可望实现体内的长循环和靶向给药     

姜黄素脂质体的制备及质量评价

目的:优化姜黄素脂质体的制备工艺,并对其进行质量评价。方法:采用薄膜分散法制备姜黄素脂质体,以包封率和载药量为考察指标,通过单因素考察和星点设计-效应面优化法对处方进行优化并验证。结果:最佳制备工艺为:脂药比20∶1,水化溶剂pH值6.5,用量24.8 mL。所得脂质体粒径151.1 nm,包封率93.98%,载药量3.07%,在电镜下呈规则圆球形。结论:该制备工艺合理可行,制备的姜黄素脂质体具有较高的包封率及载药量。     

硫酸铵梯度法制备莫西沙星脂质体的工艺研究

目的 制备具有较高包封率和载药量且体外放置稳定的莫西沙星脂质体。方法 采用硫酸铵梯度法制备包载莫西沙星的脂质体,以粒径及其分布和包封率、载药量为指标对处方和工艺进行优化。结果 最佳制备条件为：空白脂质体中硫酸铵质量浓度70 mg/mL、磷脂质量浓度50 mg/mL、脂质体粒径120 nm左右、透析时间5 h、载药时药脂比2∶3、孵育温度40 ℃、孵育时间30 min。制备得到的莫西沙星脂质体粒径为（143.00±3.98）nm,包封率为（74.56±3.21）%,载药量为（26.39±1.88）%。结论 硫酸铵梯度法制备的莫西沙星脂质体包封率较高,粒径均一,室温放置稳定性良好。     

熊果酸脂质体的制备及体外释放特性考察

目的:制备熊果酸脂质体,优化熊果酸脂质体的处方工艺,并研究其理化性质及体外释放特性。方法:采用摇瓶法考察熊果酸在不同pH介质中的油水分配系数;采用薄膜-超声法制备熊果酸脂质体,以包封率为指标,通过正交试验优选熊果酸脂质体的处方工艺。采用透射电镜观察其形态,激光粒度测定仪测定其粒径和zeta电位,动态透析法考察其体外释放的特性。结果:熊果酸油水分配系数lgPo/w随pH增大而降低,且均>0.5,说明熊果酸具有较好的亲脂性。优选的处方工艺为载药量6 mg,磷脂-胆固醇2∶1,PBS摩尔浓度0.01 mol.L-1,超声时间3 min。制备的熊果酸脂质体透射电镜下呈球形或椭圆球形,平均粒径(223.7±68.4)nm,zeta电位-20.63 mv,包封率(89.85±1.66)%,48 h体外累计释放率>80%,体外释放符合一级动力学模型。结论:制备的熊果酸脂质体包封率高,体外释放性能良好,具有缓释特性。     

叶酸修饰的蟾酥提取物脂质体的制备及包封率的测定

目的研究叶酸修饰的蟾酥提取物脂质体的制备方法及包封率测定方法。方法薄膜分散法制备叶酸修饰的蟾酥提取物脂质体,HPLC法测定蟾毒灵(BL)、华蟾毒配基(CBG)、酯蟾毒配基(RBG)含量,超速离心法测定脂质体的包封率,用透射电镜观察脂质体的外观形态,并用粒径及Zeta电位分析仪测定脂质体的粒径和zeta电位。结果叶酸修饰的蟾酥提取物脂质体中BL、CBG、RBG的包封率分别为90.62%、91.90%、95.23%,形态为粒径均匀的球形和类球形,粒径为(161±15)nm,zeta电位为(4.2±1.2)m V。结论薄膜分散法制备的叶酸修饰的蟾酥提取物脂质体处方合理,工艺可行,包封率较高。     

姜黄素炎症靶向自微乳的制备及质量评价

目的：制备负电荷的姜黄素炎症靶向自微乳给药系统（NC-CUR-SMEDDS）,并对其进行质量评价。方法：在前期姜黄素自微乳（CUR-SMEDDS）的研究基础上,以乳剂的粒径、Zeta电位、包封率和载药量为评价指标,通过单因素试验筛选电荷调节剂的最佳用量,制备NC-CUR-SMEDDS。通过观察微乳外观和微观形态并测定其粒径、Zeta电位、包封率及载药量对其进行质量评价。结果：当加入处方量4%的丁二酸二辛酯磺酸钠时,所形成的微乳Zeta电位可以达到-43.43±0.29mV,外观澄清、透明,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为14.08±0.082nm,姜黄素载药量为26.48mg·g^-1,包封率为94.12%。结论：NC-CUR-SMEDDS包封率高,带负电,粒径分布均匀,符合结肠炎症靶向要求。     

新型姜黄素脂质体的制备和初步稳定性考察

目的:制备包封率高、粒径小、稳定性好的新型姜黄素脂质体,并对其稳定性进行考察.方法:采用薄膜超声法制备新型姜黄素脂质体,以透射电镜(TEM)观察其形态,动态光散射(DLS)考察粒径分布,用超速离心法测定包封率,并考察其对温度、乙醇、酸碱的耐受性.结果:新型姜黄素脂质体粒径小,平均粒径97.08nm(多分散系数PDI为0.173),包封率为(99.37±0.89)%;稳定性试验证明新型姜黄素脂质体能够耐受热压灭菌(115℃,67kPa,30min)、最终浓度为40%的乙醇和最终浓度为lM的盐酸.结论:和传统脂质体相比,新型脂质体提高了姜黄素的包封率和稳定性,可以使药物更好地发挥作用.     

水飞蓟宾前体脂质体的制备及其质量评价

目的制备水飞蓟宾(silybin,SLB)前体脂质体并对其进行质量评价。方法采用冷冻干燥法制备SLB前体脂质体,以包封率和载药量为评价指标,采用单因素考察和正交试验法,优化SLB前体脂质体处方及制备工艺,筛选最优冻干保护剂并考察SLB前体脂质体的形态、粒径分布、包封率及稳定性。结果 SLB前体脂质体的最优处方及制备工艺为药脂比1∶12,磷脂胆固醇比4∶1,水合介质p H值为7.4,制备温度为45℃;最优冻干保护剂为甘露醇;所形成的前体脂质体外观饱满、致密,复水水合后粒径为(251.40±2.14)nm,Zeta电位值为(-30.80±0.89)m V,包封率为(88.92±5.86)%,贮存期间(30 d)稳定性较好。结论制备的SLB前体脂质体工艺简单、包封率高、稳定性好,值得进一步研究。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。