云南省西双版纳州鼠型斑疹伤寒暴发的调查(英文)

目的 阐明云南省西双版纳州鼠型斑疹伤寒的流行状况。方法 收集云南省鼠型斑疹伤寒病例资料。于2011年6-9月在西双版纳地区采集鼠型斑疹伤寒临床诊断病例的急性期和恢复期血清,并在发病地区的居民区捕鼠,采集鼠血液和脾脏标本。用间接免疫荧光试验检测患者和鼠血清中的鼠型斑疹伤寒立克次体的IgM和IgG抗体,用实时荧光PCR试验检测急性期病人血块和鼠脾脏中的鼠型斑疹伤寒立克次体热休克蛋白基因(groEL gene)。结果 2004-2011年,云南省共报告鼠型斑疹伤寒病例8 361例,所有州(市)均有病例报告,其中西双版纳州发病数和发病率最高(86.6/10万),占全省总病例数的73.1%(6 111/8 361)。发病数具有逐年上升之势,全年均有病例发生,6-10月为主要流行期。2011年云南省共报告鼠型斑疹伤寒1 369例,其中西双版纳州报告病例1 157例,发病率为102.10/10万,病例数占云南省病例数的84.51%。勐海县、勐腊县和景洪市分别占全州病例数的79.95%(n=925, 278.74/10万)、18.06%(n=209,74.10/10万)和1.99%(n=23,4.42/10万),勐海县发病率显著高于勐腊县(χ²=346.3, P<0.001)和景洪市(χ²=1369, P<0.001)。对2011年的80例病人进行了实验室检测,在80例急性期病人血清标本中有 63例为IgM抗体阳性;75例病人双份血清标本中有61例的恢复期血清滴度高于急性期4倍及以上;80例患者急性期血块中有8例为PCR阳性。依据实验室诊断标准,74例被确诊为鼠型斑疹伤寒,其中血清学诊断73例(包含7例同时为分子诊断),分子诊断1例,临床诊断和实验室检测符合率为92.50%(74/80)。黄胸鼠血清鼠型斑疹伤寒立克次体IgG抗体阳性率为14.0% (14/100),脾脏的PCR阳性率为9.0% (9/100)。结论 西双版纳州存在较为严重的鼠型斑疹伤寒流行,其中勐海县流行最为严重。     

湖南老年医院首例恙虫病多器官受累病例实验室分析

目的对湖南老年医院首例恙虫病可疑病例进行实验室快速诊断及病原分子流行病学分析。方法病人急性期及恢复期血清恙虫病IgM、IgG抗体进行胶体金快速定性及ELISA定量。环介导等温扩增(LAMP)病人血液及焦痂恙虫病东方体56KD 基因及巢氏PCR扩增热休克蛋白基因(groEL)并分析groEL遗传进化关系。结果病人发热期(发病24天)及恢复期(发病32天)血清IgM、IgG抗体定性试验均为阳性,ELISA定量试验双份血清IgM、IgG抗体滴度均达1∶2 560。急性期血液及焦痂DNA样本LAMP检测及巢氏PCR扩增groE阳性。结论本报道为湖南老年医院首例恙虫病病例报道。应加强立克次体病诊断及鉴别诊断。     

云南省永善县恙虫病流行病学调查

目的 对云南省永善县恙虫病开展流行病学调查。方法 应用胶体金免疫试验对发热患者血清进行恙虫病东方体(Orientia tsutsugamsushi)IgG和IgM抗体检测,采用夜夹法诱捕调查地区鼠类,用巢氏PCR方法对鼠脾脏做groEL基因片段扩增和基因序列分析。结果 2015年5-10月在永善县发现恙虫病患者34例,其中实验室确诊病例21例,临床诊断病例13例;主要发病于8月,占总病例数的32.35%;40—49岁年龄组发病最多,占总病例数的32.35%;农民发病数最多,占总病例数的79.41%;有焦痂或溃疡的病例占总病例数的94.12%,其中位于腹股沟最多(占有焦痂或溃疡患者的31.25%);有皮疹的病例占总病例数的50.00%。在捕获的39份黄胸鼠(Rattus flavipectus)脾组织样品中,恙虫病东方体groEL基因片段扩增阳性9份(阳性率23.08%)。groEL基因片段序列进化树分析显示本次检测到的YSP30株与的HSB1、FAR1、UAP4等Saitama型菌株的遗传进化关系最密切, 检测到的其余8株与UT213、UT221、SH205等Karp型菌株的遗传进化关系最密切。结论 血清学和分子生物学方法证实了永善县存在恙虫病疫源地,当地存在Karp和Saitama相关的2种基因型恙虫病东方体。     

传染性非典型肺炎病例SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体检测及分析

目的　对福建省传染性非典型肺炎病例血清标本中SARS冠状病毒 (SARS -CoV)特异性抗体进行检测。方法　采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)测定SARS临床诊断、疑似、医学观察病例以及其他非SARS患者和健康人群血清SARS -CoV特异性IgM、IgG抗体。 结果　 (1) 3例SARS临床诊断病例血清SARS -CoV特异性IgG抗体均为阳性 ,其中 2例IgM抗体阳性 ,2例恢复期血清比急性期血清IgG抗体呈≥ 4倍增长 ;(2 ) 1例疑似病例IgM和IgG抗体均为阳性 ,且恢复期血清比急性期血清IgG抗体呈 >4倍增长 ;(3) 11例医学观察病例IgM和IgG抗体均为阴性 ;(4 ) 5 0例非SARS患者和健康人群IgG抗体全部阴性。 结论　间接ELISA是传染性非典型肺炎实验室特异性检测方法 ,可对SARS临床诊断进行进一步的核实。     

四川省钩端螺旋体病高发县报告病例的准确性调查研究北大核心CSCD

目的了解四川省钩端螺旋体病高发地区报告钩体病例准确性,为进一步控制钩体病流行提供科学依据。方法采集2012年钩体病高发地区报告临床诊断病例血清进行钩体菌培养,血清学诊断,对钩体病检测结果为阴性的标本进行乙脑、出血热和立克次体检测。结果共采集87例报告病例的血清标本,培养出4株钩体菌,钩体菌培养阳性率为4.6%。采集64份病例急性期和恢复期双份血清进行钩体病检测,其中54例阳性,阳性率为84.4%,采集23份病例单份血清,其中6份钩体菌检测阳性,阳性率为26.1%。对27份钩体检测阴性标本进行乙脑ELISA检测,阳性1例,出血热、立克次体检测结果均为阴性。结论四川省钩体病高发地区临床诊断钩体病准确性较高,但依然需要加强病例双份血清采集和检测。     

四川省钩端螺旋体病高发县报告病例的准确性调查研究

目的 了解四川省钩端螺旋体病高发地区报告钩体病例准确性,为进一步控制钩体病流行提供科学依据。方法 采集2012年钩体病高发地区报告临床诊断病例血清进行钩体菌培养,血清学诊断,对钩体病检测结果为阴性的标本进行乙脑、出血热和立克次体检测。结果 共采集87例报告病例的血清标本,培养出4株钩体菌,钩体菌培养阳性率为4.6%。采集64份病例急性期和恢复期双份血清进行钩体病检测,其中54例阳性,阳性率为84.4%,采集23份病例单份血清,其中6份钩体菌检测阳性,阳性率为26.1%。对27份钩体检测阴性标本进行乙脑ELISA检测,阳性1例,出血热、立克次体检测结果均为阴性。结论 四川省钩体病高发地区临床诊断钩体病准确性较高,但依然需要加强病例双份血清采集和检测。     

一起鼠型斑疹伤寒爆发疫情中患者血清恙虫病抗体检测

目的 筛查一起鼠型斑疹伤寒爆发疫情患者血清中恙虫病抗体。方法 用间接免疫荧光法对20 份爆发疫情病人血清进行鼠型斑疹伤寒和恙虫病IgG 抗体检测。结果 20 例患者中,鼠型斑疹伤寒抗体阳性13 例,阳性率65%;恙虫病抗体阳性2 例（同时鼠型斑疹伤寒抗体阳性）,阳性率10%。结论 该起鼠型斑疹伤寒爆发疫情患者中存在恙虫病感染,临床上应加强对鼠型斑疹伤寒与恙虫病的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

腺病毒3型急性呼吸道感染暴发流行的病原学调查

目的以血清学方法证实2004年江苏省苏北地区中小学生腺病毒3型急性呼吸道感染的暴发流行.方法应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测患者急性期IgM抗体、恢复期IgG抗体;应用中和试验方法检测患者急性期、恢复期血清和未患病学生对照血清的中和抗体,并应用SPSS11.0软件对试验数据进行统计分析.结果患者急性期IgM抗体阳性率为3.7%,恢复期IgG抗体阳性率为44.4%,恢复期中和抗体阳性率为59.5%;未患病学生分别为0%、8.3%和33.3%,卡方检验P值分别为0.510、0.018、0.226;9例患者配对双份血清中有6例患者恢复期血清中和抗体保护作用均较急性期血清明显增长;ELISA方法检测IgG与中和试验检测中和抗体的一致率为61.4%,Kappa检验P=0.070.结论血清学方法进一步证实苏北地区急性呼吸道感染暴发流行的病原体为腺病毒3型.     

孝感地区孕妇感染戊型肝炎病毒流行病特征和母婴HEV IgG传递率调查

目的调查湖北省孝感地区孕妇戊型肝炎病毒感染状况及流行特征、母婴抗-HEV IgG传递率和抗-HEV IgG在婴幼儿体内的消长。方法孕妇446例和相对应年龄的普通健康女性463例,收集其人口统计学数据并采集其血清标本;采集20例抗-HEV IgG阳性孕妇分娩的新生儿血清,并追踪收集25例抗-HEV IgG阳性婴幼儿血清(每两月采集一次,共采集7次),采用ELlSA法检测血清抗-HEV IgG和抗-HEV IgM,对抗-HEV IgM阳性标本进行HEV基因分型。结果对照人群抗-HEV IgG阳性率19.22%(89/463);抗-HEV IgM阳性率1.08%(5/463)),孕妇抗-HEV IgG阳性率为19.73%(88/446),抗-HEV IgM阳性率1.57%(7/446),两组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。孕妇和对照人群随年龄增长抗-HEV IgG阳性率增高,26-30年龄段孕妇抗-HEV IgG阳性率高于对照人群。农民孕妇抗-HEV IgG阳性率高于其他职业孕妇。母婴抗-HEV IgG传递率为80.00%(16/20)。追踪检测婴幼儿抗-HEV IgG体内存在时间为4~12月。孕妇和对照人群中各有1个HEV RNA阳性标本,HEV基因序列同源性为99.34%,基因型为IV d亚型。结论孝感地区孕妇人群存在HEV散发感染,以无症状的隐性感染为主;抗-HEV IgG母婴传递率较高,但该抗体在婴幼儿体中存在的时间较短。     

云南西部边境地区健康人群登革热血清学调查

目的了解云南西部边境地区健康人群登革热抗体水平状况,为制定有效登革热防治对策提供依据。方法在具有登革热本地感染病例的不同地区采集健康人群血清,并采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验分别检测登革病毒IgG和IgM抗体。结果采集的740份中国籍血清标本登革病毒IgG和IgM抗体阳性率分别为10.9%（81/740）和5.7%（42/740）,两种抗体同为阳性的阳性率为0.81%（6/740）;缅甸籍学生这两种登革抗体阳性率分别为12.5%（13/104）和2.9%（3/104）。登革IgG/IgM抗体阳性率在不同年龄组、性别、民族、不同国籍学生中的分布无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;务农人群IgG抗体阳性率高于非农人群（P〈0.05）;盈江县IgG抗体阳性率较高。结论云南省边境地区人群广泛存在登革病毒的既往和新近隐性感染,建议加强对边境口岸和边境地区的登革热疫情监测,开展登革热防治知识的宣传和提高当地医疗机构的诊疗水平。     

Urban focus of Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis in Los Angeles, California

Classic murine typhus, caused by Rickettsia typhi, is endemic in the continental United States in areas of Texas and southern California. We conducted an environmental investigation in an urban area of Los Angeles identified as the probable exposure site for a case of murine typhus. Four Rattus norvegicus heavily infested with Xenopsylla cheopis (average 32.5 fleas per animal, range 20-42) were trapped, and fleas, blood, and tissues were collected. DNAs from all specimens were tested for R. typhi and Rickettsia felis using a TaqMan assay targeting the rickettsial citrate synthase gene. Although rickettsiemia was not detected, DNA of R. felis was detected in at least one tissue from each rat. Tissues from 3 rats were also positive for R. typhi DNA. R. typhi and R. felis DNAs were detected in fleas collected from each animal with average minimal infection rates of 10% and 32.3%, respectively. Although R. typhi still circulates in urban Los Angeles in the classic Oriental flea-rat cycle, R. felis is more prevalent, even in this association.     

Comparative evaluation of the indirect immunoperoxidase test for the serodiagnosis of rickettsial disease

An indirect immunoperoxidase test was compared with an indirect fluorescent antibody test and the Weil-Felix OXK test for serodiagnosis of scrub typhus by measuring the rickettsial antigen specific activity of IgG, IgM, and whole globulin. Acute and convalescent sera from 50 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolate-positive scrub typhus patients and from 45 febrile patients diagnosed as having diseases other than scrub typhus were tested. The receiver operating characteristic for each test showed that the indirect immunoperoxidase and indirect fluorescent antibody tests were more sensitive and specific than the Weil-Felix test using convalescent and acute as well as paired sera. The indirect immunoperoxidase test showed no cross-reactivity when R. tsutsugamushi antigen was tested against sera collected from patients living outside the scrub typhus-endemic area with diseases other than scrub typhus. The indirect immunoperoxidase and indirect fluorescent antibody tests were comparable in measured response to R. tsutsugamushi, R. typhi, and TT-118 (spotted fever group) antigen. Thus the indirect immunoperoxidase test represents a sensitive, specific, reproducible, and practical semiquantitative test for rickettsial disease diagnosis.     

Evidence of Rickettsia typhi and the potential for murine typhus in Jayapura,Irian Jaya,Indonesia

Murine typhus (etiologic agent: Rickettsia typhi) is endemic to Indonesia, especially on the highly populated island of Java. A survey of rodents from Irian Jaya, the eastern-most province of Indonesia, indicated striking geographic variation in risk factors associated with murine typhus. Murid rodents (n = 112) collected from two villages in the Arso district of northeastern Irian Jaya, were found to be free of ectoparasites normally associated with transmission of R. typhi (i.e., Xenopsylla cheopis). All rodents (n = 72) tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were negative for antibodies to R. typhi, whereas 12.5% (9/72) were positive for antibodies to Orienta tsutsugamushi. In contrast, both Rattus norvegicus and R. rattles (combined n = 87) from the harbor area of the provincial capital, Jayapura, were infested with flea ectoparasites. X. cheopis was found on 31 (35.6%) of the live-captured rodents. Serum samples from nine of 82 rodents contained antibodies reactive to R. typhi (11.0%). These data show for the first time that rodents exposed to R. typhi are well established in Jayapura, and that some of these rodents harbor fleas potentially capable of transmitting murine typhus and plague.     

Epidemic typhus meningitis in the southwestern United States.

A patient residing in New Mexico had murine typhus diagnosed. A novel molecular assay was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus, was found, rather than R. typhi. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of epidemic typhus confirmed by means of polymerase chain reaction--based testing of cerebrospinal fluid, and it introduces a novel assay for the molecular diagnosis of both epidemic and murine typhus.     

Is murine typhus re-emerging in Portugal ?

Murine typhus or endemic typhus is an infectious disease, clinically very similar to epidemic typhus, and caused by Rickettsia typhi(sometimes referred to as R. mooseri). Murine typhus was fairly common in Portugal until the 1940s, when several cases diag     

Clinical and laboratory features of murine typhus in central Tunisia: a report of seven cases.

INTRODUCTION: Murine or endemic typhus, caused by Rickettsia typhi, has been reported in all continents. In the 1970s, no cases of murine typhus were diagnosed in Tunisia. METHODS: The clinico-epidemiological characteristics of seven cases of murine typhus diagnosed at our hospitals since 1993 are reported. Diagnosis was confirmed by indirect fluorescence assay detecting specific R. typhi antibodies. RESULTS: Murine typhus occurred in all ages from 18-80 years during the hot season in rural areas. Clinical features were: sudden onset of fever and absence of eschar in all cases, with maculo-papular rash (five cases), prostration (four cases), meningism (three cases) and pneumonia (four cases). Frequent laboratory findings were moderate thrombopenia (four cases) and elevated transaminases (four cases). Before the results of serology, clinical diagnoses were Mediterranean Spotted Fever (four cases), Q fever (one case), pneumonia (one case), and lymphocytic meningitis (one case). Serology confirmed all diagnoses with cross-reactivity with Rickettsia conorii. CONCLUSION: Murine typhus exists in Tunisia and its prevalence is underestimated. Further, more specific studies are needed to evaluate the true prevalence.     

Comparison of a rapid diagnostic test and microimmunofluorescence assay for detecting antibody to Orientia tsutsugamushi in scrub typhus patients in China

ObjectiveTo evaluate the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microimmunofluorescence assay (mIFA).MethodsRDT using a mixture of recombinant 56-kDa proteins of O. tsutsugamushi and mIFA assay were performed on 20 patients from Fujian and 13 patients from Yunnan Province, and 82 sera samples from healthy farmers in Anhui Province and Beijing City in 2009. Comparison of the RDT and mIFA assay was performed by using X² test and the P level of <0.05 was considered to be significance.ResultsAmong these 82 normal sera samples, the specificity of RDT was 100% for both IgM and IgG tests. In 33 samples from patients with scrub typhus, 5 cases were positively detected earlier by RDT than by mIFA in IgM test, and 2 cases were positive in IgG test. Sensitivities of RDT were 93.9% and 90.9% for IgM and IgG, respectively. The sensitivity of combination test of IgM and IgG was 100%. Geometric mean titer diluted sera from confirmed cases by IFA and RDT assay were 1:37 vs. 1:113 (P<0.001) in IgM test and 1:99 vs. 1:279 (P<0.05) in IgG test.ConclusionsRDT is more sensitivite than mIFA in the early diagnosis of scrub typhus and it is particularly applicable in rural areas.